구상나무 침엽의 엽록소형광과 생육지의 환경요인의 일변화를 계절별로 조사하여 환경요인의 변화에 따른 구상나무의 환경 적응성을 규명하였다. 광계 II의 광화학적 효율, 즉 Fv/Fm은 겨울에는 0.19-0.36으로 매우 낮은데 반하여 여름에는 0.8-0.86으로 높았다. 낮시간의 Fv/Fm이 겨울에는 아침, 저녁보다 상대적으로 높아서 겨울철 한낮의 환경조건이 구상나무 잎의 광합성기구에 우호적으로 작용을 하는 것으로 판단된다. 여름에는 낮시간에 광억제가 다소

The influences of fluorophor, scatterer, and absorber in turbid material by light scattering were interpreted for the scattered fluorescence intensity and wavelength. The molecular properties have been studied by laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy in phantom. It has been found that the effects of optical properties in scattering media could be investigated by the optical parameters(μa, μa, μt). Experimental and Monte Carlo Simulation method for modelling light transport in tissue was applied. The experimental results using a phantom were discussed and compared with those obtained through Monte Carlo Simulation. It may also aid in designing the best model for oil chemistry, medicine and application of medical engineering.

HPLC에 의한 주요 aflatoxins(afatoxin B₁, B₂, G₁ 및 G₂)의 동시 분석에서 postcolumn 유도체화법을 시도하였다. Electrochemical cell(Kobra-cell)을 사용한 postcolumn 유도체화법은 기존의 precolumn 유도체화법보다 분석시간을 단축하였으며(약 1/2 단축), 더 안전하고, 향상된 분석능을 보였다. Aflatoxin B₁과 G₁의 경우 10~100 ppb에서, 그리고 B₂와 G₂의 경우 3~30 ppb에서 직선성을 나타내었다. Aflatoxin B₁과 G₁은 각각 88.9% 및 100.5%로 양호환 회수육을 보였다. Aflatoxin B₂와 G₂의 경우 분리도는 우수하였으나 회수율에 있어서 변이가 크게 나타났다.

The A-X (0-0) band of CS, which appears in high dispersion IUE spectra of comets Halley (1982i) and Wilson (19861), has been investigated in detail. We developed models, which include fluorescence and collisional processes We found that in order to account for the observed emission band precisely, IUE tracking errors should be included in line shape calculations it has been found that rotational excitation by electrons is a dominant process in determining populations of rotational ground states. We derived an electron density of 2.0×104/cm3 2.0×104/cm3 at several thousand kilometers from the comet Wilson's nucleus by examining collisional influence on the CS band structure. We presented a band model for the 0-0 band of C34S C34S and discussed the detectability of 34S 34S spectroscopically.

Metachromatic properties of admixture of methylene blue(MB) and thionine in aqueous solution has been studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. In spite of nonfluorescence character has been MB itself, mixing MB to monomeric concentration of thionine, new coaggregation band has been formed in shorter wave length than fluorescence of thionine because of MB was redistributed to thionine aggregate. It suggested that coaggregate of MB and thionine were more tightly formed than the each dye aggregate.

To compare the vitality among cool-season turfgrasses under summer weather conditions and to obtain information to improve the management of turfgrasses in golf courses and sports fields., the chlorophyll fluorescence of three cool-season turfgrasses commonly planted on golf courses in the Jeju area was measured. The turfgrasses were perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), and creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.). In perennial ryegrass and Kentucky bluegrass, the chlorophyll index was low in early summer and high in late summer. In creeping bentgrass, it remained low throughout the study. Fo tended to be low in the early summer and high in late summer in the three turfgrasses. However, the difference in Fo between late summer and early summer was markedly higher in perennial ryegrass than in Kentucky bluegrass or creeping bentgrass. Fm tended to be low in early summer and high in late summer, without obvious differences among the three turfgrasses. Fv/Fm, a measure of photochemical efficiency, was also low in early summer and high in late summer in the three turfgrasses. However, Fv/Fm in late summer was mostly higher in Kentucky bluegrass and creeping bentgrass than in perennial ryegrass, indicating that the former are more resistant to the high temperature and humidity of late summer. Furthermore, Kentucky bluegrass had a high chlorophyll index in late summer and would be most resistant to the harsh conditions of late summer.

In this study, an effective fluorescence pH sensor based on conjugated polyelectrolyte micelles (CPMs) was devised for detecting extremely acidic conditions. An amphiphilic coumarin derivative (CC12-N), a building block, was prepared, into which an ionizable amino group, aryl amine, was incorporated as a potential hydrophilic moiety. This monomer displays self-assembled micelle formation in extremely acidic pH ranges, giving a hydrophobic π-extended conjugated system at the inner part and hydrophilic functionality at the periphery, resulting in efficient fluorescence intensity enhancement. This new micelle-based fluorescence provides an efficient sensing platform for detecting very low pH values in the presence of competing substances.

A new chemosensor based on a self-assembled system has been devised to detect Hg2+ions efficiently. We demonstrated that the amphiphilic building blocks consisting of pyrene and boronic acid (1) aggregate in aqueous solutions and provide an outstanding sensing platform for sensitive detection. The self-assembled 1 exhibited high selectivity and sensitivity for Hg2+ion detection via fluorescence quenching, where the Hg2+ion detection ensued from a fast transmetallation of 1. The Stern-Volmer (SV) quenching constant for its fluorescence quenching by Hg2+ions was approximately 1.58 × 108 M-1. In addition, self-assembled 1 exhibited excellent sensing abilities at nano-molar concentration levels when tap water and freshwater samples were contaminated with of Hg2+ ions.

Background : The chlorophyll fluorescence imaging as non-destructive imaging methods have been used widely for efficiently early detection of plant responses to various stresses. The information from images acquired from different condition has the potential to generate specific signatures for particular stresses. Light-energy absorbed by plants is distributed over three competing processes: photosynthesis, thermal dissipation and chlorophyll fluorescence emission. An increase in Chl-FI thus implies a decrease in photosynthesis. The stresses in growing stage will change the efficacy of photosynthesis. As a example, Chl-FI of plant infections was carried out previously for a number of different viral and fungal plant–pathogen systems. Therefore, image can be used for differentiation of various stress index. Methods and results : 2-years-old ginseng plants were transplanted to plastic pots and each stress factors were treated. The stress factors used in this study were high temperature, low temperature, fungicide, and fungal pathogen. High temperature stress was induced by placing pots inside incubator adjusted at 35℃. For treatment of low temperature stress, ginseng plants were stored at 5℃ refrigerator for 5 minutes. Pathogen stress was carried to inoculate mycelial disk. Alternaria panax was inoculated potato-dextrose-medium and cultured for 10 days at 25℃. Mycelial disk obtained from cultured plate were placed on the one leaf of ginseng. Azoxystrobin wp was diluted 500, 1,000 times in tap water and sprayed to ginseng plants. Chlorophyll fluorescence image was acquired from each plant that stress treated and analyzed with sigma plot software. Conclusion : Important value, Fv/Fm (maximum efficiency of photosystem II), Fp (peak fluorescence during the initial phase of the operating efficiency of the Kautsky effect), NPQ-lss (steady-state, non-photochemical), etc., were significantly changed by variable stress index. But it was impossible to differentiate kind of stress by acquired value.

플루오레세인 구조를 갖는 잔틴계 염료의 형광안료로의 응용 가능성 및 제조되는 안료들의 광학 특성 조절 가능성을 확인하기 위하여 본 연구를 진행하였다. 안료 제조에는 수용성 잔틴계 염료인 eosin Y (D&C Red No.22), phloxine B (D&C Red No.28)를 주로 사용하였으며, 염료를 용매에 용해시켜 분체와 분산, 교반 하고 이를 건조시켜 분쇄함으로써 안료를 제조 하였고, 제조된 안료들에 대해서는 형광과 관련한 광학 특성을 측정하였다. 사용한 용매의 종류, 염료의 함량, 그리고 염료의 혼합 투입 비율에 따라서 안료의 광학적 특성이 변함을 관찰하였다. 실험 결과에 따르면, 분체에 흡착된 염료 중 일부분이 형광 발색을 하며, 나머지는 형광에 기여하지 않는 것으로 보인다. 안료를 구성하는 분체-염료계 내부의 결합 (혹은 상호작용) 세기와 그 특성을 파악하기 위한 안료 수세실험 결과, 안료 계 내에는 서로 다른 2개 이상의 상호작용이 존재하며, 그 중 하나는 용매-염료 상호작용보다 비교적 강하였다.

Laser induced-exciplex-fluorescence (EXCIPLEX) proposed by Melton is used to visualize fuel vapor in spray combustion. However, in the EXCIPLEX method based on TMPD/naphthalene system, the TMPD : naphthalene ratio is strictly restricted to 1 : 9. In addition, fluorescence intensity due to the vapor phase is extremely weak. To overcome these drawbacks, we propose a new laser-induced-excimer fluorescence (EXCIMER) method to visualize the liquid and vapor phases simultaneously. The spatial distributions of liquid and vapor in fuel spray suspended by ultrasonic waves are compared using the EXCIPLEX and EXCIMER methods. The correlation between fuel vapor concentration and fluorescence intensity is experimentally investigated by measuring the fluorescence intensity of saturated vapor formed over liquid fuel at a controlled temperature. These experimental results indicate that the EXCIMER method is effective for evaluating fuel vapor visualization in spray combustion. Furthermore, the quantitative distribution of fuel vapor concentration can be correctly estimated by the EXCIMER method.

수은은 인체독성과 생물농축성 그리고 대기를 통한 장거리 이동성이 크기 때문에 국제적으로 관리가 필요한 화학물질로 인식되어 왔다. 이에 따라 유엔환경계획(UNEP) 집행이사회에서는 2013년 “수은에 관한 미나마타협약”을 채택하였다. 미나마타협약은 국제적으로 수은사용 및 배출을 저감하는 것이며, 이를 위해 모니터링, 배출원 관리, 원자재 및 제품관리, 폐기물 처리, 노출저감, 기술개발 등 6개 주요 분야별 관리방안을 마련하도록 요구하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내 폐형광등 재활용처리시설에 처리방식에 따라 처리공정별 수은 농도변화를 측정하여 공정단계별 수은 물질수지를 분석하였다. 처리방식으로 건식과 습식시설을 각각 선정하여 현장에서 공정단계별 입자상과 기체상 수은 농도, 유량을 측정하거나 시료를 일정시간 동안 3회 채취하여 분석하였다. 또한 직관형 형광등 무게 당 투입 갯수를 확인하였다. 형광등 투입구, 파쇄장치, 건식 및 습식 수은 처리공정, 대기방지시설 등에서 분진, 유리, 비철, 활성탄 등 26개 시료를 채취하고, 수은농도를 측정하여 물질수지를 계산하였다. 연구 결과, 폐형광등 재활용시설로 입고되는 직관형 폐형광등은 박스 당 무게는 약 40-45 kg이고, 형광등 개수는 약 240개 정도이었다. 일부 환형, 일체형 형광등이 처리시설 투입구로 투입되지 않도록 미리 제거하였고, 처리과정에서 발생한 폐기물 중 수은 함량농도를 측정한 결과, 분진, 슬러지, 폐활성탄 및 폐수에서 높게 검출되었다.

We have investigated the intensities and full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the high dispersion spectroscopic N III emission lines of AG Peg, observed with the Hamilton Echelle Spectrograph (HES) in three different epochs at Mt. Hamilton’s Lick Observatory. The earlier theoretical Bowen line study assumed the continuum fluorescence effect, presenting a large discrepancy with the present data. Hence, we analyzed the observed N III lines assuming line fluorescence as the only suitable source: (1) The O III and N III resonance line profiles near λ 374 were decomposed, using the Gaussian function, and the contributions from various O III line components were determined. (2) Based on the theoretical resonant N III intensities, the expected N III Bowen intensities were obtained to fit the observed values. Our study shows that the incoming line photon number ratio must be considered to balance at each N III Bowen line level in the ultraviolet radiation according to the observed lines in the optical zone. We also found that the average FWHM of the N III Bowen lines was about 5 km·s-1 greater than that of the O III Bowen lines, perhaps due to the inherently different kinematic characteristics of their emission zones.