목적 : 본 연구는 고기능 인지 평가도구의 사용 빈도 및 시행방법, 평가영역, 인지 요소에 따른 분석을 시 행하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 2017년도 1월부터 2022년도까지 12월까지 Web of Science(WoS), CINAHL, Pubmed, MEDLINE 데이터베이스에 게재된 문헌 중 선정기준에 적합한 논문 45편에서 추출된 9개의 평가도구의 출현 빈도수, 대상자, 평가 시행 방법, 평가영역을 분석하였다. 결과 : 가장 많이 사용되는 고기능 인지 평가도구는 Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function(BRIEF) 로 확인되었다. 평가도구 사용 대상자 분석 결과, 뇌성마비가 가장 많이 나타났다. 평가도구의 영역은 대부분 과제 수행형 평가(task performance assessment)였다. Frontal Systems Behavior Scale(FrSBe), Dysexecutive Questionnaire(DEX), Computerized Neurocognitive Battery(CNB)는 논리적 인지 요소와 함께 사회정서적 인지 요소를 평가하는 영역이 있었으며 일상생활 기반 과제 수행형 평가 (ADL-based task performance)는 Executive Function Performance Test(EFPT)뿐이었다. 평가도 구의 신뢰도 및 타당도는 모두 허용할만한 수준이었다. 결론 : 논리적 측면의 ‘Hot Executive Function(EF)’와 감정적 측면의 ‘Cold EF’를 모두 측정하는 평가 도구의 수가 적으며, 집행기능을 일상생활의 과제 수행을 기반으로 하는 평가도구의 수가 제한적임이 나 타났다. 보다 넓은 전두엽 영역을 평가하고 재활치료에 있어 중요한 일상생활에서의 독립적 기능을 가능 하게 하기 위해 이러한 점을 보완한 고기능 인지 평가도구에 대한 개발 및 연구가 필요하다.

군집지수와 FD와의 상관분석 결과 FD는 군집지수 중 Shannon 다양도와 가장 높은 상관성을 보였다. 조사지점은 환경 특성에 따라 6개의 그룹으로 나누어졌으며, 고도에 따라서 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다. 이에 따라 고도가 높은 그룹 1은 산림의 비율이 많고 좋은 수질을 보였으나 고도가 낮은 그룹 6은 수질이 양호하지 않았다. 환경 구배에 따른 조사지역 그룹과 군집지수와 FD의 연관성 분석을 위해 NMDS를 시행하였으며 그룹 1~3에서 FEve를 제외한 모든 지수가 높았다. 그룹 간의 종구성은 그룹 1~3에는 하루살이목, 날도래목, 강도래목이 높았으며, 그룹 4, 5에는 잠자리목, 딱정벌레목이 주요하게 나타났다. 생물학적 형질은 그룹 1~3에서 생식기간이 길고, 이동성이 낮은 형질 특성을 보였으며 생물의 저항력 전략을 잘 보여주었다. 반대로 그룹 4~6은 생식기간이 짧고, 이동성이 높은 회복력의 전략을 뚜렷하게 반영해 주었다. 수질의 오염도가 낮은 상류는 교란의 빈도가 적고 공간적으로 높은 이질성을 가졌으며 생물이 주로 저항성 전략을 보였으며 생물이 서식지에 오래 머무를 수 있어 기능적, 구조적 생물다양성이 높게 나타났다. 반대로 수질의 오염도가 높은 하류는 교란의 빈도가 높고 공간적으로 균질성이 높으며 생물은 주로 회복력의 전력을 보여 교란에 의해 이동하거나 회피할 수 있는 휴면기, 고치, 세포, 알 등의 독특한 형태를 갖는 반면 생물다양성은 낮게 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 저서성 대형 무척추동물의 기능적 다양성은 수서 생태계 환경과의 관계를 잘 설명해 주었다. 따라서 생물의 형질을 이용한 기능적 다양성은 잠재적으로 수생태계 건강성 평가에 효과적으로 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

The antioxidant activity, total phenol content, and inhibitory effect of xanthine oxidase (XOase) for six different medicinal plant complexes such as Achyranthes japonica, Acanthopanax sessiliflorus, Carthamus tinctorius, Eucommia ulmides, Viscum album, and Caragana koreana were investigated in this study. The free radical scavenging activity values using DPPH(2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS[2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radical cation] analyses were found to be 532.03±86.60 μg/mL and 1376.50±35.01 μg/mL, respectively, in 95% of ethanol extracts among six medicinal plant mixed compositions (6MPMC). The total phenolic content in 70% ethanol extract of 6MPMC was 125.19±1.34 mg GAE/g. The inhibitory activity against XOase was highest at 33.20±0.17% in the 70% ethanol extract of 6MPMC. In the antimicrobial activity test of 6MPMC, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value showed activities against V. litoralis and E. coli in 70% and 95% ethanol extracts, and these two microorganisms were created in clear zones by method of paper disc diffusion. These results suggest that the 6MPMC, composed of Achyranthes japonica, Acanthopanax sessiliflorus, Carthamus tinctorius, Eucommia ulmides, Viscum album, and Caragana koreana, have both antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and, therefore, may serve as a functional health food product.

본 연구는 경기도에 유통되는 기능성 쌀을 대상으로 농약 및 이산화황의 잔류실태를 조사하고 위해성평가를 실시하였다. 2016년 2월부터 10월까지 대형마트 및 재래시 장에서 유통되는 기능성 쌀 91건을 수거하여 수행하였다. GC/ECD, GC/NPD, GC/TOF/MS, LC/PDA, LC/FLD를 이 용한 다종농약다성분 분석법으로 220종의 잔류농약검사를 실시한 결과 3건(3.3%)에서 2종의 농약성분이 검출되었다. 검출된 농약은 살균제 농약인 propiconazole과 살균제 및 식물생장조절제 농약인 isoprothiolane이며, 검출수준은 0.0340~0.0566 mg/kg으로 MRL (Maximum Residues Limits) 대비 각각 34%, 2.8% 이하로 검출되었다. Monier-Williams 변법을 이용하여 이산화황(sulfur dioxide)을 분석한 결과 91건의 시료 모두 불검출이었다. 농약 검출량을 바탕으로 일일섭취추정량(EDI)과 일일섭취허용량(ADI)을 이용하여 위해성평가를 한 결과 %ADI (Hazard Index)는 0.24~ 1.25%로 안전한 수준이었다.

Background: The Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) was developed to measure of gait-related activities. The FGA was translated in Korean but only a few psychometric characteristics had been studied. Objects: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of FGA scale using Rasch analysis. Methods: The study included 120 patients with stroke (age range=30∼83 years; mean±standard deviation=58.3±11.1). The FGA and Berg Balance Scale were performed, and were analysed for dimensionality of the scale, item difficulty, scale reliability and separation, and item-person map using Rasch analysis. Results: The 4 rating scale categories of FGA were satisfied with optimal rating scale criteria. The most items of the FGA showed sound item psychometric properties except 2 items (‘gait with the horizontal head turns’, and ‘gait with narrow base of support’), and the 2 misfit items were excluded for all further analyses. The 8 items were arranged in order of difficulty. The most difficult item was ‘gait with eyes closed’, the middle difficult item was ‘gait level surface’, and the easiest item was ‘gait with vertical head turns.’ A person separation reliability was .93 and the person separation index was 3.57. Conclusion: This study suggests that the 8-item Korean FGA are valid measure of assess the gait-related balance performance, and to set the goal of rehabilitation plan in patient with stroke.

Balance is a complex motor skill that depends on interactions between multiple sensorimotor processes and environmental and functional contexts. Many rehabilitation specialists believe that balance assessment under multitask conditions may be a more sensitive indicator of balance problems and falls than balance assessment in a single-task context. Functional Gait Assessment has many tasks that allow for testing under multitask conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine the concurrent validity between the Functional Gait Assessment (FGA), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Timed "Up & Go" Test (TUG) in patients with stroke. One hundred and five participants with at least 3 months post stroke and able to walk at least 6 m with or without a mono cane, participated in this study. Concurrent validity between the FGA, BBS, and TUG was assessed using Spearman rank order correlation. The FGA correlated with the BBS (r=.80, p<.01) and TUG (r=-.77, p<.01). The good and moderate correlation between the FGA, BBS, and TUG establishes the concurrent validity of the FGA in patients with stroke. These measures provide clinicians with valuable information about patients' functional balance capabilities.

After stroke, many people have problems with balance during movement. Balance is essential for the optimal functioning of the locomotor system and the performance of many activities of daily living. The Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) is a clinical tool for evaluating balance ability during walking. The test consists of ten tasks, seven tasks of the Dynamic Gait Index and three additional tasks. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and internal consistency of data obtained with the Korean version of the FGA when used with people after suffering a stroke. One-hundred participants, at least three months poststroke and able to walk at least six meters with or without a walking aid, participated in the study (age range=30~83 years; ). Two physical therapists and two physical therapy students rated the FGA. Intrarater and interrater reliability of the FGA were assessed using kappa statistic and intraclass correlation coefficients (2,1). The internal consistency of the FGA was assessed using the Cronbach alpha. The Cronbach alpha was good (=.86~.93). The intrarater (intraclass correlation coefficient=.92~.95) and interrater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient=.91, .95) of the total scores administered by the therapists and students were good, whereas the reliability for single item scores when administered by the physical therapists was moderate to good (kapa value=.42~.97). This study found that intrarater and interrater reliability for total FGA scores and internal consistency were good. Therefore, the Korean version of the FGA can be used as a reliable tool to assess the functional gait performance of patients after stroke.

The present study was aimed at investigating the postural control ability of volleyball players with functional ankle instability. The subjects were 26 male volleyball players were divided into 2 groups (13 subjects with functional ankle instability and 13 subjects with ankle stability) who could evaluate Questionnaire. All the male participants were tested by a Balance Master System. This study were to measure of static balance ability, dynamic balance ability, motor function the difference between functional ankle instability group and control group. Ankle instability group and stable group in postural sway (°/sec) on film surface with eye closed in modified clinical test sensory interaction on balance, and left unilateral stance with eye opened and closed were significantly different (p<.05). The ankle instability group and stable group in limit of stability were significantly different (p<.05). The ankle instability group and stable group in left/right rhythmic weight shirt were significantly different (p<.05). The ankle instability group and stable group in turn time (sec) & turn sway (°) during step/quick turn and end sway (°/sec) in tandem walk were significantly different (p<.05). This study showed that volleyball players with functional ankle in stability were effected postural control ability by static balance & dynamic balance ability. Further study is needed to measure various athletic with functional ankle instability for clinical application.

Objective : The purpose of the present study was to compare the Spinal Cord Independence MeasureⅡ (SCIMⅡ) and the Modified Barthel Index (MBI) to determine the evaluation tool in order to use the tool as an effective index for following these patients for functional changes and determining treatment and rehabilitation outcomes.Method : The present study was conducted with 20 patients who underwent there first time rehabilitation care at A hospital from December 2002 to April 2003. The patients were evaluated at a 2-week interval using the SCIMⅡ and the MBI.Collected data analysis were completed by using Total agreement and Kappa coefficient of agreement, McNemar test, t-test, Correlation analysis, and Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results : The following results were obtained from this study.1.A high correlation was seen in the results of evaluation made by two raters in the SCIMⅡ, showing high interrater reliability(r=0.99, p<0.01).2.When functional changes were compared, more changes in the common items including management in bladder sphincter muscle(p<0.01), toileting(p<0.05), and bathing(p<0.05) were seen in the SCIMⅡ compared with the MBI. Furthermore, among the non-common items in the SCIMⅡ, significant changes were estimated in breathing, prevention of bed sores and bed mobility, and outdoor movement, the SCIMⅡ well reflecting major func-tional changes in patients with spinal cord lesion.3.When the scores of the SCIMⅡ and the MBI were compared at the time of admission and discharge, significant correlation was revealed between the two evaluation tools. However, the SCIMⅡ admission scores were significantly higher than the MBI admission scores in patients with quadriplegia (p<0.05), due to the effects of non-common items such as breathing, prevention of bed sores, and bed mobility.4.When these tools were compared according to muscle strength change, the SCIMⅡ com-pared with the MBI well reflected upper extremity motor score and the ASIA motor score in patients with complete and incomplete quadriplegia(p<0.05), and lower extremity motor score in patients with incomplete spinal cord lesion(p<0.05).Conclusions : These results indicated that the SCIMⅡ is more sensitive compared with the MBI as a tool for functional evaluation in patients with spinal cord lesion, suggesting that the SCIMⅡ would be used to examine functional changes in patients with spinal cord lesion and to effectively follow-up patients for rehabilitation treatment outcome.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the cognitive perceptual performance skills in relation to activities of daily living(ADL) by using Lowenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment(L0TCA) to measure the cognitive perceptual performance and FIM to measure the ADL. The subjects in this study were 24 stroke patients who were admitted for intensive treatment at Department of Rehabilitation in Samsung Medical Center from December. 1997 to June. 1998. SAS was used to analyze data. Using simple regression analysis was used to measure influence of LOTCA on FIM at discharge and to measure influence of patient's concentration on both FIM and LOTCA. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to confirm the relationship of FIM to each subtest of LOTCA. The results of this study are as follow : 1. Statistically. LOTCA score at admission showed correlationship with FIM score at discharge. (R2 = 0.50. p<0.0001) 2. Visuomotor organization showed the most significant correlation between LOTCA on FIM at discharge. Motor FIM with perception and visuomotor organization, and cognitive FIM with perception showed significance. 3. The relationship between each subtest of FIM and each subtest of LOTCA. self-care was significantly correlated with visuomotor organization and perception. sphincter control was significantly correlated with orientation and perception, mobility and locomotion was significantly correlated with orientation and visuomotor organization, communication was significantly correlated with perception, social cognition was significantly correlated with perception and thinking operation. LOTCA is significantly correlated to FIM at discharge. Therefore, LOTCA can predict the ADL performance skills. Also, orientation and perception are the most predictable area of LOTCA throughout the entire subtests.