Airborne bacteria are expected to float in the mushroom cultivation house, as it is a special environment with high humidity and high temperatures. Their concentration and diversity in the indoor air of the cultivation house could effect the health of farmers and the quality of mushrooms. To examine whether microbiota of airborne bacteria change from year to year, we measured the indoor temperature, humidity, and airborne bacterial concentration from mushroom cultivation houses located in six regions in Korea from 2020 to 2021, and isolated and identified airborne bacteria. The surveyed data were compared and the bacterial diversity of the 1st year and the 2nd year were determined. Based on the average temperature and humidity data surveyed, it can be seen that the temperature and humidity environment in the cultivation houses is such that bacteria can easily reproduce. It was observed that the temperature inside the cultivation houses tends to be higher or lower depending on the season and correlates with the temperature outside the cultivation houses. In the first year survey, 32 species of 20 genera were identified, and in the second year survey, bacteria belonging to 29 species of 22 genera were identified. Among them, the most detected species were all species belonging to the genus Bacillus. There were only three species (Bacillus altitudinis, Brevibacterium frigoritolerans, and Staphylococcus epidermidis) that were continuously isolated in common. Our results showed that the species of floating bacteria greatly vary from year to year even for the same cultivation houses.

본 연구는 Agastache 속 여러 종에서 국내 자생지 환경요건에 적합하면서 생육 및 기능성 물질 함량면에서 가장 최적의 종을 선정하고자 하였다. 첫째, 11종의 배초향(Agastache)속 종자를 구입하여 미국 농무성(USDA) 식물 내한성 지도(plant hardiness zone map) 및 국내 식물 내한성 지도를 참고하여 11종에서 생육 및 기능성 분석을 할 5종을 선정하였다. 둘째, 배초향(Agastache) 속 5개 품종인 A. cana, A. foeniculum, A. rugosa ‘Spike Blue’, A. rugosa ‘Spike Snow’, A. rupestris에 대해 초장, 엽장, 엽폭, 엽면적, 엽수, SPAD, 지상부 생체중 및 건물중, 지하부 생체중 및 건물중 등의 생육 분석을 실시하였다. 생육 분석 결과, A. rugosa SB 및 A. rugosa SS 종에서 전체적으로 균형 있게 높은 수치를 나타냄을 알 수 있어, 생육 부문에서는 A. rugosa 계통의 품종이 다른 품종에 비해서 유리하다고 볼 수 있다. 셋째, rosmarinic acid, tilianin, acacetin 성분에 대해 단위 중량당 함량 및 식물체 1중당 함량 등의 기능성물질 함량 분석을 실시하였다. 기능성 물질 분석 결과, A. rugosa 계통 종에서 기능성 물질 및 항산화물질 함량이 유의적으로 높았으며, 이는 생육 결과값과 정비례적인 연계성이 크다고 보여진다. 따라서, 배초향(Agastache)속 종에 대한 생육과 기능성 부분을 종합적으로 고려할 때, A. rugosa SS 및 A. rugosa SB 등 A. rugosa 계통이 가장 최적의 고부가가치 작물로 적합할 것이라고 판단된다.

To gather information on the indoor air quality of the greenhouses used for edible oakwood mushroom cultivation, temperature, humidity, and bacterial concentration and species were investigated in 2015 and 2016 in 21 mushroom greenhouses located in ten different regions in Korea. Temperature and humidity of all the mushroom greenhouses ranged from 16.2 to 30.8°C and from 28.2 to 85.6%, respectively. Bacterial concentration exceeded the Korean indoor air quality standard value (800 cfu/m3) in 15 of the 21 mushroom greenhouses. A total of 33 genera and 76 species were identified in the indoor air of the mushroom greenhouses investigated. Of the identified bacteria, 10 genera and 15 species including Acidovorax oryzae, Bacillus infantis, B. licheniformis, Cellulosimicrobium funkei, Ewingella Americana, Exiguobacterium sibiricum, Leclercia adecarboxylata, Lysinibacillus sphaericus, Pseudomonas fulva, Raoultella terrigena, Staphylococcus cohnii, S. haemolyticus, S. saprophyticus, S. sciuri, and Streptomyces sindenensis are among those known to have a harmful effect on human health. These bacteria have been reported to cause sepsis, skin infection, bloodstream infection, bacteremia, spondylitis, peritonitis, acute meningitis, endocarditis and urinary tract infection. The results of this study indicate that continuous hygiene management of indoor air is necessary in the greenhouses used for oakwood mushroom cultivation.

Four fungal species, during indoor air monitoring for fungi that possibly affect the field testing of a newly bred shiitake cultivar in cultivation houses located in Cheongyang, Chungnam Province and Jangheung, Jeonnam Province. Of these species, two are known to be plant pathogens and the other two are saprobes but potent contaminators in the mushroom cultivation environment. This study reports the morphological characteristics and phylogenetic relationships of these four species based on nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 18S rDNA region, including their known information.

양송이는 재배사라는 밀폐된 환경에서 재배되는 바 양질의 생산을 위해서는 재배사 내 환경에 대한 정보가 요구된다. 본 연구는 양송이 재배사내 실내환경에 대한 기초 정보를 얻고자 수행되었다. 재배사 내 온도와 습도는 19.75±0.35˚C, 87±3.67%로 세균이 서식할 수 있는 환경조건이었으며, 부유세균의 농도는 3.84×103cfu/m3로서 환경부에서 고시한 실내공기질 오염유지 기준치인 8.0×102cfu/m3을 초과하는 수치였다. 분리된 부유세균은 Advenella kashmirensis, Bacillus vietnamensism, B. licheniformis, Burkholderia sordidicola, Fictibacillus phosphorivorans, Lysobacter daejeonensis, Microbacterium esteraromaticum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. protegens, P. gessardii, P. mosseli 등 7속 11종으로 동정되었다.

This study was carried out to measure temperature, humidity, and bacterial concentration and species from the indoor air of a greenhouse used for shiitake cultivation. The highest level of humidity in the greenhouse was recorded at over 91.5% and the lowest humidity was recorded at 50% during 12 months. Temperature was between 5.1-30.5oC except for January. These results indicate that bacteria can survive in the indoor air of the greenhouse. Total bacterial concentration exceeded the Korean indoor air quality standard value (8.0 × 102 cfu/m3) in winter. A total of 13 genera and 17 species were isolated and identified from the indoor air of the greenhouse. Especially, 3 species (Kocuria rosea, Staphylococcus xylosus and Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens) have been reported to affect on human health. This is first report of airborne bacteria in a greenhouse used for shiitake cultivation.

Recent years, shiitake cultivation using sawdust medium is increasing in Korea. The cultivation is performed in mainly greenhouses. One of major concerns in shiitake cultivation is the contamination of molds which cause damages and spoil the cultivation medium and/or inhibit the growth of shiitake mycelia in the medium. Although the harmful effects of molds are boradly recognized, there is no mush data on the source of molds contamination. This study was undertaken to check what fungi exist in indoor air of vinyl greenhouse used for shiitake cultivation. During last seven months period, we sampled air in two different vinyl greenhouses located in Cheongyang-gun, and Jangheung-gun, respectively. temperature and humidity average of a vinyl greenhouse located in Cheongyang-gun was 23.2℃ and 52.3% during spring season, and 26.3℃ and 79.1% during summer season. While, temperature and humidity average of vinyl a greenhouse located in Jangheung-gun was 21.4℃ and 61.7% during spring season and 32.8℃ and 70.9% during summer season. Seven mold species were isolated during spring season and six species during summer season from indoor air of the vinyl greenhouse located in Cheongyang-gun from season. In Janheung-gun greenhouse, seven species were isolated during spring season and four species during summer season. During the two investigated seasons, Trichoderma harzianum was dominant species in the two vinyl greenhouse air.

Production of lettuce under indoor cultivation is highly affected by light intensity. In this study, we used shade cloth (commercial black net) to examine the effect of these condition on growth without an associated yield penalty of container-grown lettuce. Four levels of shading treatments (0%, 35%, 55%, and 75% referred to as Cont., S35, S55, and S75 with respect to Cont.) and two lettuce varieties (red and blue) were evaluated. Variety-specific growth responses were observed with respect to different levels of shading treatments. High growth of red lettuce was occurred in Cont. treatment despite plant height and leaf length being higher than Cont. However, under 35% shading treatment blue lettuce was higher than in control plants. The highest root length was observed 0% shading (Cont.) of both varieties. These results reinforce the idea that blue lettuce is the better leafy vegetable rather than red lettuce for indoor cultivation related to lower light intensity environment conditions.

Background : We examined the inorganic compounds, compressive strength, yield, and functional substances of five steam-treated deciduous tree species to address the problem of the low degradation activity of conventional oak trees in the cultivation of Gastrodia elata in indoor facilities. Methods and Results : With the exception of Ca in cherry blossom tree (CBT), the content of the major inorganic elements (N, P, Mg, K, and Ca) in alternative trees were 1.5 - 3.6, 1.3 - 2.6, 3.3 - 5.3, 4.4 - 7.5, and 0.9 - 3.9 times those in oak (control group), respectively. The content of trace elements (Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn) were equivalent to or slightly lower than those in oak, depending on tree species. The compressive strength of alternative trees was 9.3%–34.9% lower than that of oak. The compressive strength after steaming was lower in the order CBT (8.0%), mulberry tree (MBT: 7.0%), chestnut tree (CNT: 7.2%), Siebold's crab (SBC: 6.9%), black locust (BLL: 6.1%), and oak (5.4%). The total weight of oak was 893 g in comparison with the 1,107, 902, 952, 813, and 813 g of MBT, CNT, CBT, SBC, and BLL, respectively. The mature tuber and seed tuber ratios were 31%, 34%, 32%, 32%, 34%, and 30%, and 67%, 75%, 68%, 70%, 73%, and 65%, respectively. The yield index increased overall by 1% - 14%. Total weight after steaming increased by 10%, 18%, 14%, 16%, 20%, and 12% in oak, MBT, CNT, CBT, SCB, and BLL, respectively. Mature tuber and seed tuber ratios after steaming increased by 1%, 1%, 0%, 1%, and 2%, and 5%, 3%, 7%, 2%, 5%, and 5%, respectively. There were no significant difference among tree species in drying ratio, hardness, chromaticity for quality comparisons, and steaming. However, the results of functional substance analysis revealed significant differences in gastrodin, gastrodigenin, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and ergothioneine according to tree species. Conclusion : From the above results, we may believed that five tree species including MBT might have useful as alternative to oak when the cultivation of G. elata in Indoor Facilities.