집합건물의 하자관련 분쟁에서 사용검사 전 하자에 대한 비중은 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 이러한 현상은 하자 관련 규정의 미비, 법적 구속력을 갖춘 하 자판정 기준의 부재, 그로 인한 시공기준의 불합리한 준용, 나아가 법률 간 공 공임대주택의 하자담보책임기간 기산일 불일치 등 여러 제도적 문제가 있기 때문이다. 이에 본 연구는 개선방안으로서 첫째, 집합건물법상 사용검사 전 하 자 관련 규정의 정비, 둘째, 하자판정고시의 법적 구속력이 있는 기준으로의 재정립, 셋째, 민법상 하자담보책임과 채무불이행책임의 체계적 일원화를 제안 하였다. 이러한 개선방안은 하자분쟁의 예방과 합리적 해결에 기여함으로써 사회적 비용과 제도 운영상의 혼란을 실질적으로 감소시킬 것으로 기대한다.

This study analyzed routine visiting inspection records collected from 2023 to 2025 to examine the distribution and temporal patterns of sanitation and safety inspection scores in child and youth foodservice facilities. Two hundred and seventy-four inspection records from 23 institutions that participated continuously over three years were included. The total score was converted to a 100-point scale, and the changes according to the year and inspection round, as well as the adherence across six domains, were evaluated. A linear mixed model showed that the year, inspection round, and their interaction were statistically significant. The inspection scores showed an increasing pattern across repeated visits within each year, but the starting level and the magnitude of the change differed according to the year. Domain-level analysis suggested that raw material use and storage control exhibited greater variability across institutions. These findings suggest that the inspection scores may reflect the operational conditions and features of the measurement process, contributing to the variability across institutions and over time. This study provides descriptive evidence on the temporal patterns of inspection scores based on the routine operational data.

The FOPLP method, which uses a square metal carrier to arrange semiconductor chips, offers significantly superior productivity and efficiency compared to conventional processes. However, metal carriers are prone to warping, dents and scratches due to thermal deformation, making surface inspection and correction work essential. Therefore, this study designed and fabricated a gantry guide capable of mounting an indicator and a vision module to effectively inspect the metal carrier surface and improve quality, then evaluated its performance. In the experiment, the gantry system’s performance was verified by evaluating its repeatability precision, and the vision module ensured data reliability through precision at four different magnifications.

This study was conducted to explore ways to improve the operation of NCS-based curricula, focusing on vocational education programs. The purpose is to design and establish an effective NCS-based vocational education curriculum and to apply it in educational settings. For the purpose of improving the operation of NCS-based curricula, this study first reviewed the relevant information and system operations presented on the National Competency Standards (NCS) website (http://www.ncs.go.kr/). This is because effective vocational education can only be achieved when accurate information regarding the curriculum and educational content is properly delivered. In conclusion, it is required to identify the problems in the design, composition, and operation of vocational education curricula, and to establish curriculum design strategies that can enhance the overall efficiency of vocational education programs. Based on the results of this study, the research examined the competency unit “Inspection of Aircraft Reciprocating Engine Fuel Systems” under the NCS categories — Major Category [15. Machinery], Subcategory [09. Aircraft Manufacturing], Minor Category [03. Aircraft Maintenance], and Detailed Category [03. Aircraft Reciprocating Engine Maintenance] — and designed the learning content for the NCS learning module “Inspecting the Boost Pump.” The designed practical training plan has the following characteristics: First, by incorporating additional content from the NCS competency unit, it was structured to be applicable in actual workplaces that operate aircraft equipped with reciprocating engines. Second, it aims to enhance troubleshooting skills required for the maintenance of aircraft reciprocating engines. Third, the contents were designed to align with the practical training environments of educational institutions while ensuring applicability to real-world work settings. Fourth, it was designed to allow learners to simultaneously practice content related to obtaining aviation-related certifications. This study is significant in that it designed a vocational education curriculum and proposed effective strategies for improving vocational education. However, there are certain limitations. The study did not include an empirical implementation or analysis of the results based on the designed instructional program. In addition, it did not develop curricula that reflect the specific characteristics of individual subjects within the field of NCS-based aircraft maintenance through the design of diverse course modules.

상수관로의 노후화는 수질 안전성 저하와 수자원 손실, 유지보수 비용 증가 등의 문제를 야기하며, 이에 따라 지중 매설관의 상태를 신속하고 정확하게 진단할 수 있는 기술의 중요성이 커지고 있다. 특히 내시경 영상을 활용한 관로 점검은 가장 보편적인 방식으로 자리 잡았으나, 판독자의 숙련도에 따라 해석 편차가 발생하고, 대량 데이터의 신속한 처리에는 한계가 있다. 이러한 배경에서 본 연구는 관종⋅관경⋅용도 등 상수관 메타데이터를 모델에 통합하고, 관로 내 결함의 존재 여부와 유형, 크기를 동시에 예측할 수 있는 다중과제 학습(Multi-task Learning) 기반 인공지능 모델을 제안한다. 제안한 모델은 두 개의 예측 헤드를 통해 결함 판별과 정량적 분류를 병행하도록 설계되었으며, SHAP 기반 분석을 통해 모델의 판단 근거가 상수관로의 실제 결함 특성과 일치함을 확인하였다. 이러한 접근은 수작업 판독의 부담을 경감하고, 관로 상태 기록의 표준화 및 정량화를 통해 예방 중심의 유지관리 전략 수립을 효과적으로 지원할 수 있다.

This study analyzed quarantine inspection records for imported ginger seed rhizomes (Zingiber officinale) in Korea from 2015 to 2024, utilizing the Pest Information System (PIS) of the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency. The aim was to characterize the occurrence and trends of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with ginger planting and to provide management implications for risk-based phytosanitary measures. A total of 1,327 cargo consignments were analyzed. Plant-parasitic nematodes were found in 496 consignments (37%), comprising 13 different nematode taxa. Two regulated taxa, Meloidogyne spp. and Pratylenchus spp., were identified in 149 cases, leading to the destruction of the corresponding consignments in accordance with quarantine regulations. The remaining 11 taxa (347 cases) were classified as non-quarantine pests and were released. Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) were the most prevalent, accounting for over 80% of all detections, with M. incognita (191 cases), Meloidogyne spp. (128 cases), and M. javanica (68 cases) being the most common. Although Gunsan Port had the highest number of consignments, the detection rate was relatively higher at Incheon Port, suggesting possible differences among production areas or exporters. Overall, the findings indicate that imported ginger seed rhizomes can serve as a pathway for nematode introduction. To reduce the risk of field-level transmission, it is recommended to enhance pre-export lot management and implement nematode suppression measures, along with providing post-import guidance for growers, such as hot-water treatment or approved dips before planting.

With the increasing number of aging buildings, the importance of structural safety inspections has grown significantly. Traditional methods for inspecting welding defects, such as visual inspection and magnetic testing, rely heavily on human expertise, making them time-consuming, costly, and subjective. To address these limitations, thermographic technology has been introduced as a non-contact alternative, significantly reducing both time and cost. Furthermore, by incorporating AI, an objective and automated evaluation of welding defects can be achieved. In this study, we propose an AI-based thermographic approach for detecting welding defects. To validate the applicability of this method, a Mock-up Test was conducted. Specifically, 12 types of welding specimens with 4 welding part were prepared, generating a dataset of 6,500 thermographic images. Among 7 regression algorithms tested, RF and EXT were selected due to their superior performance. By ensemble learning these two models, we developed a robust welding defect measurement algorithm. To further verify its effectiveness, we applied the developed algorithm to 2 real projects, evaluating its applicability using 450 thermographic images. The results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of AI and thermographic technology in welding defect detection, highlighting its potential to enhance the efficiency and reliability of structural safety inspections in aging infrastructures.

연구는 내항여객선의 상가 주기를 조정함으로써 연료비를 포함한 운항비용의 절감 가능성을 분석하는 데 목적이 있다. 선박의 연료 효율에 영향을 미치는 요소 중 하나인 선체부착생물은 선박과 해수 간 마찰을 증가시켜 더 많은 연료 소모를 유발하는 것으로 알려 져있다. 선박안전법에 따라 감항성 유지 및 운항 안전을 위해 매년 정기검사 또는 제1종 중간검사를 받아야 하는 내항여객선은 일반적으 로 이러한 검사에 대비하여 연 1회의 상가 수리를 통해 선체부착생물을 제거한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 실제 운항 중인 3척의 내항여객선 을 대상으로 AIS 데이터, 항해일지 및 상가 수리 비용 등의 자료를 수집하고, 연간 표준운항비용을 산정하였다. 이를 바탕으로 MATLAB 기반의 시뮬레이션을 통해 각 선박의 상가 주기별 운항 비용 산출하여 비용 절감 효과를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 선박별로 최대 비용 절 감 효과가 나타나는 시점이 상이하였으나, 연료비 절감과 추가 상가 비용 간의 균형점이 존재함을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 내항여객선의 선체 유지관리에 있어 상가 주기 조정이라는 운영 전략을 정량적으로 분석하였으며, 선사의 유지보수 계획 수립에 실질적인 근거를 제공 한다는 점에서 실무적 의의가 있다.

This paper addresses a scheduling problem aimed at minimizing makespan in a permutation flow shop with two machines and an inspection process that must be conducted at least once every certain number of outcomes from the first machine. A mathematical programming approach and a genetic algorithm, incorporating Johnson's rule and a specific mutation process, were developed to solve this problem. Johnson's rule was used to generate an initial population, while the mutation process ensured compliance with the inspection constraints. The results showed that within a computation time limit of 300 seconds, the mathematical programming approach often failed to provide optimal or feasible solutions, especially for larger job sets. For instance, when the process times of both machines were similar and the inspection time was longer, the mathematical programming approach failed to solve all 10 experiments with just 15 jobs and only had a 50% success rate for 100 jobs. In contrast, the proposed genetic algorithm solved all instances and delivered equal or superior results compared to the mathematical programming approach.

Detection and sizing of defects are very important for structure life management base on fracture mechanics. The non-destructive inspection techniques based on the induced current field measurement are newly developed. This paper describes the results obtained by these techniques for artificial surface defects. In the case of the RICFM technique, the potential drop distribution around a surface defects was measured as a smaller potential drop than that in a place without a defect. This potential drop showed a minimum value at the defect location, and the absolute value of this minimum value increases depending on the depth of the defect. In the case of the FEF technique, the potential difference distribution for surface defects was measured as a maximum at the location of the defect. This maximum value showed a difference depending on the depth of the defect.