본 연구에서 배양액 내 첨가된 macromolecule이 돼지 체외수정란의 체외 발달율에 미치는 영향과 배양소적 내 첨가된 FBS가 후기배발달에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아보았다. 이에 대한 결과를 요약 하면 다음과 같다. 1. NCSU-23을 기본 배양액으로 사용시 BSA (4mg/ml), FBS (10%), PVA (3 mg/ml)가 각각 첨가되었을 경우 배발달에 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 2. PZM을 기본 배양액으로 사용시 BSA (4mg/ml)가

본 실험은 폐기된 유리물질을 재가공하여 입자화한 CGF(cellular glass foam)를 펄라이트 대체 혼합상토로 이용하기 위하여 수행되었다. CGF의 입자크기를2.0∼4.0 mm로 조절한 후 피트모스와 혼합하여 배지를 조제하였고 관수빈도에 따른 Lycopersicum esculentum 'Segye' 플러그묘의 생육을 비교히였다. CGF와 피트모스의 혼합비율은 25：75와 33：67(%, v/v)이였으며 관수빈도는 2일에 1회, 2회, 또는 3회로 하였고, 상업용 플러그 배지(토실이 배지)에 1일 I회 관수한 것을 대조구로 하였다. 파종 후 33일에 플러그묘의 초장, 경경, 줄기와 뿌리의 생체중과 건물중, 엽수, 엽면적, 엽록소 함량, 그리고 배지의 pH와 EC를 조사하였다. 배지 혼합비율에 따른 플러그묘의 전체 생육은 유의성이 낮았다. 관수빈도에 따른 경경, 엽수, 엽면적, 줄기와 뿌리의 생체중과 건물중, T/R 그리고 배지의 EC에서 유의적인 차이를 보였다 CGF와 피트모스를 25：75(%, v/v)로 혼합한 배지에 관수빈도를 높인 처리에서 묘의 생육이 가장 좋았다.

Phenylmercuric 8-Oxyquinolinate의 광범위한 식물병원균에 대한 살균작용, 식물의 수분증산억제작용, 식물에 대한 약해작용, Gas작용 및 자외선에 의한 경시변화에 관해 실험을 행하였으며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. (1) 포자발아억제작용은 P.M.A.보다 약간 불량한 결과를 보이며, 균사생장억제작용은 P.M.A. 보다도 양호하였다. (2) 식물의 수분증산억제작용은 초기에는 8-Hydroxyquinoline sulfate가 P.M.Q.보다도 강한 억제작용을 나타내었으나, 끝에 가서는 반대로 P.M.Q가 Oxine sulfate보다도 강한 작용을 나타냈다. (3) 수도종자의 발아, 발근에 미치는 영향은 P.M.A. 보다 약해가 적었고 수도 및 대두의 유식물의 경엽(40ppm 처리)에도 약해가 없었다. (4) 식불병원균에 대한 Gas효과에 의한 살균력은 P.M.A.보다 적었다. (5) 자외선에 의한 영향은 생물학적인 변화와 화학적인 변화가 거의 일치하였으며 P.M.Q.는 P.M.A.보다도 훨씬 자외선에 안정하였다. 이상의 결과로 보아 본약제는 광범위한 식물병원균에 대해 살균작용을 가지고 있고 식물의 수분증산도 억제시키며 이화학적인 안정성을 가진 유망한 살균제가 될 것으로 생각된다.

This study investigated the applicability of horticultural media with recycled coir substrates the growth of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. Pekinensis) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) crop. The six different types of coir based substrates were A, Coir 45: Perlite 35: Vermiculite 12: Zeolite 8 (%), B, Coir 55: Perlite 25: Vermiculite 12: Zeolite 8 (%), C, Coir 65: Perlite 15: Vermiculite 12: Zeolite 8 (%), D, Coir 75: Perlite 5: Vermiculite 12: Zeolite 8 (%), E, Coir 85: Perlite 5: Vermiculite 5: Zeolite 5 (%) and F, nursery media (control). The pH and Electric conductivity of the horticultural nursery media were 6.06–7.00 and 0.45–1.10 dS/m-1, respectively. The nursery media containing coir substrates had higher level of Total N, Ca, K, Mg and P than those without coir. Additionally, it was observed that the growth of Chinese cabbage was the best on D (containing 75% coir) while that of lettuce was the best on E (containing 85% coir). In general, when substrates containg a higher percentage of coir were used, the growth of Chinese cabbage and lettuce was ideal. Additionally, the P, Ca, and Mg content in both plants was not significantly altered by the amount of coir present in the media. However, with an increase in the amount of coir substrate, the chlorophyll, N, and K content was increased. After harvesting, there was no significant difference in the chemical properties of the horticultural nursery media of both plants. Thus, it can be suggested that, coir substrate after a single use could be recycled as horticulture nursery media.

Background : Nasturtium officinale, belongs to the Brassicaceae, is a perennial plant growing in and around natural watersystem. It is commonly called watercress and commercially consumed as a salad crop in many countries. Hairy root cultures (HRCs), transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes (A. rhizogenes), have been noted for an experimental model system in plant metabolic engineering for the synthesis of natural products since hairy roots have fascinating properties including biochemical and genetic stability, high biosynthetic capacity for secondary metabolites and rapid growth rates. Methods and Results : The dry weights (DW) of watercress hairy roots was measured after 4-days freeze dryer. The highest weight was recorded after HRCs in SH and half-strength SH medium, followed by the levels of DW in MS and half-strength medium. However, the level of DW after HRCs in half-strength medium was lowest. SH medium is the most suitable for the growth of watercress hairy roots. Glucosinolate contents in the hairy roots varied responding to the basal media. 1/2 SH basal media resulted in the lowest value of total glucosinolate. MS basal media, however, resulted in the highest value of total glucosinolate, as well as the highest accumulation of each glucosinolate. The hairy roots cultured in 1/2 MS basal media showed the second highest value of total glucosinolate, followed by B5, SH and 1/2 B5. The accumulation of 4-Methoxyglucobrassicin and gluconasturtiin was also secondly higher in the hairy roots in 1/2 MS. In contrast, the level of 4-Hydroxyglucobrassicin and glucobrassicin were the second highest after culturing in SH and B5, respectively. Conclusion : In this study, media played a main role in growth and glucosinolate accumulation in watercress hairy roots. SH and half-strength SH media enabled the rate growth of hairy roots to be highest. In contrast, the highest accumulation of glucosinolate was recorded after HRCs in MS media. The current study suggests HRCs of watercress could be one of an effective alternative approaches for the enhanced production of glucosinolates

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of shading degree and rooting media on the growth of Caragana sinica and Sedum middendorffianum after cutting. In C. sinica, the highest rooting rate was obtained in cuttings planted in horticultural soil (Sunshine Mix #1) and peat moss mixture (peat moss : perlite = 1 : 1, v/v) under one layer of 35% shading and in cuttings planted in kanumatsuchi soil mixture (kanumatsuchi soil : decomposition of granite = 1 : 1, v/v) under non-shading. Whereas, regardless of shading degree, most cuttings of S. middendorffianum rooted in both horticultural soil and peat moss mixture. Cuttings of C. sinica showed the highest root length, 10.4㎝ in kanumatsuchi soil mixture under one layer of 35% shading but the highest fresh and dry weight of roots in kanumatsuchi soil mixture under non-shading. In S. middendorffianum, the highest root length, fresh and dry weight of root were obtained in cuttings planted in horticultural soil under non-shading. With these results, we recommended that cuttings of C. sinica should be propagated in kanumatsuchi soil mixture under non-shading and cuttings of S. middendorffianum in horticultural soil under non-shading.

Clogging of the filter media which is brought by physical, chemical, and biological factors tend to reduce the lifespan of filters and remains a challenge. In this study, a laboratory column test method was used to investigate the evolution of physical and biological clogging in a non-vegetated filter media system with layers of sand, gravel, and woodchip. Blank column tests using either sand or gravel were conducted and investigated. Several column setups with varying arrangements and particle sizes of sand and gravel were also prepared to identify the best filter media combination that is least susceptible to clogging without compromising the treatment capacity. Artificial stormwater runoff was introduced in the system at a specific hydraulic loading rate (HLR) and influent characteristics. The degree of clogging was quantified by monitoring the variations in the hydraulic head at different levels of the columns. Water samples were also collected, tested, and analyzed at the end of each test run in order to measure the treatment efficiency of the filter. The insights and results of this study can justify the physical and biological clogging formation in filter media and therefore be used to suggest some filter media particle size modifications that can help to improve the sediment removal and treatment performance. Moreover, it can also aid to reduce the maintenance frequency and costs of a stormwater filter system.

In a pilot-scale dyeing wastewater treatment using two-type fluidizing media, each thickness of biofilm was 15 and 30 μm, respectively. The numbers of protozoa inhabited in small-size (PEMT A) and big-size (PEMT B) media were 7.5 x 104 and 1.25 x 105 cells/ml, respectively, and dominant species were Entosiphon sulcatus var sulcatus in PEMT A and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in PEMT B, respectively. Flask experiments using the two media revealed that the percentages of color removal were 25.8% in PEMT A and 27.1% in PEMT B after 72-h cultivation, indicating the necessity of bioaugmentation. Experiments for bioaugmentation effect on color removal were carried out in the pilot-scale treatment for 75 d by three-step operation under the control of wastewater loading rate and microbial input rate. Dye degradation occurred mainly in the second reaction tank, and the attachment of augmented dye-degrading microorganisms to media took at least 35 d. Final value of chromaticity in effluent was 227, meeting the required standard. Therefore bioaugmentation onto media was good for color treatment. In summary, thickness of biofilm formed on the media depended upon the size of media, resulting in different ecosystem inside the media. Hence, this affected microbial community and color treatment further. Accordingly, the reduction of operation cost is expected by efficient color-treatment process using bioaugmented media.

본 연구는 수수의 성숙 종자로부터 캘러스유기 및 재분화 효율 조사하기위하여 수행되었다. 배발생 캘러스 형성을 살펴보기 위해 생장조절제 효과를 조사하였다. 수수 성숙종자로부터 캘러스 유기에 적합한 생장조절제 종류와 농도는 2 mg/L 2,4-D인 것으로 나타났다. 배발생 캘러스의 고효율 빈도는 B5 배지에 2 mg/L 2,4-D을 첨가하였을 때 가장 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 배발생 캘러스로부터 식물체 재분화는 BAP와 IBA를 넣은 MS 배지가 가장 적절한 것으로 나타났다. BAP 농도가 높을수록 신초재분화가 활발하였다. 따라서, 본 연구 결과로부터 수수 기내배양시 신초와 발근 형성에 효과적인 생장조절제 조합은 0.5 mg l-1 BAP와 0.25 mg l-1 IBA인 것으로 나타났다.

Today, environmental pollution and destruction due to the industrialization of our modern society have been the global issues. Although now we can lead affluent lives through science technologies and economic development, these environmental problems have resulted in striking the harmonious balance between human beings and nature and threatened human lives with abnormal weather caused by the global warming, destruction of the ozone layer, and El Nino phenomenon, acid rain, decrease in species diversity, movement of hazardous materials, and harmful waste increase. We are aware of the importance of environmental education, but in reality, it seems impossible to implement appropriate environmental education on account of our educational climate which exclusively focuses on the entrance examination. However, environmental education is the most ultimate solution for those problems in that only when students understand our environment fully and grow habits to protect it through environmental education, the present environmental problems can be solved and more serious problems that can be resulted in the future can possibly be prevented. Thus, this study has examined the effect of using image media in the environment subject on students’ environmental sensitivity. According to the results, it was shown that it had positive effects on ‘sensitivity of environment’, ‘attitudes towards environment’, and ‘environmental affinitive behaviors’.