This study assessed the nutrient consumption of children from lunch at day care centers and kindergartens. A total of 184 lunch plates were selected in two child day care centers and two kindergartens in Seoul. Weights of the menus in planned meals were measured and amount of served and consumed lunches were calculated using a digital photography technique. Nutrients of the planned, served, and consumed lunches were assessed using CAN-Pro 4.0 and the Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) was calculated for each meal. Compared with the estimated energy requirement for lunch for 3-5 year old children, the planned meals of the child day care centers and kindergartens contributed 42.8% and 98.8% of the daily energy requirements, respectively. At a child day care center, a served meal provided more nutrients than a planned meal since some children requested more servings after eating the served meals. This showed that the planned meal did not meet children’s needs as well as the nutrient requirements. At the other child care center, children were served less than the planned meal by 6.8%, which resulted in serving less energy, calcium, potassium, and vitamin C than the required nutrients for lunch. Kindergarten A served meals with the energy requirement for lunch of 101.8%, but Kindergarten B served a meal with the energy requirement of 83.5%. Since the served portions were too small to meet nutrient requirements of the children, they consumed almost all the food served, and their nutrient consumption was similar to the nutrients served. Even though they consumed all the food served, their nutrient consumption did not meet their nutritional requirements. When assessed by INQ, the quality of the meal was good; children could consume enough nutrients when served proper quantity. Teachers who are responsible for serving meals need to be educated on proper portion sizes and how to encourage children to practice healthy eating. To promote healthy eating among children, parents need to provide children with messages consistent with what they have learned at institutions and to be a good role model in daily dietary life.

The objective of this study was to investigate the consumption pattern of snacks-containing trans-fatty acid in adolescents living in the Kwang-ju area of Korea, and to analyze the relevance toward their eating behaviors, body composition, nutrient intakes, and consumption frequency of snacks-containing trans fatty acid. A survey questionnaire was developed in order to investigate general environmental factors, eating behavior, nutritional knowledge, and the consumption frequency of snacks-containing trans fatty acid. A total of 312 middle school students were surveyed. The collection rate was 97% and ultimately 282 cases were analyzed. Anthropometric measurements, body composition data, and nutrient intakes were also collected. The consumption frequencies for snacks-containing trans-fatty acid were negatively correlated with food behavior scores (p〈0.01) however, pocket money and snack intake frequency per day were positively correlated with consumption frequency. Also, snack consumption frequency had some correlation with the subjects' anthropometric measurements and body composition data such as total body water (p〈0.01), body protein (p〈0.01), body minerals (p〈0.01), and skeletal muscle mass (p〈0.01). Finally, the consumption frequency of snacks-containing trans fatty acid was significantly correlated with calcium intake (p〈0.05), it also showed correlations with vitamin A, retinol, β-carotene, and folic acid intake, although statistical significance was not verified.

The purpose of this study were to investigate middle and high school students' food habits and food attitudes, and to assess student's nutrient consumption. A self-administered questionnaire was developed based on review of literature. The questionnaire consisted of three sections (food habits, food attitudes, and food consumption). The questionnaires were distributed to 4,050 students enrolled in 34 middle and high schools located in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Gyeongnam provinces. A final response rate was 88.2% (3,570) excluding responses that had significant missing data. Data of the food habits and food attitudes were analyzed with descriptive analysis, 2-test, and t-test using SPSS WIN(ver.11.0). The student's self-reported food consumption data was converted into nutrient consumption using conversion factor. Many middle and high school students skipped breakfast and/or dinner. Approximately 29% of the students did not eat vegetables and fruits. Scores of the middle school student's attitudes(19.1) towards foods were significantly higher than those of the high school student's attitudes(18.7)(p〈.001). Student's nutrient intakes were estimated according to the student's self-reported food consumption data. The nutrient intakes were compared with DRIs(Dietary Reference Intakes: DRIs) for their age groups. The result of EAR(Estimated Average Requirement: EAR) cut-point method demonstrated 57.7% of middle school boys, 64.4% of middle school girls, 70.2% of high school boys, and 71.0% of high school girls did not meet EAR for Calcium. Additionally, it showed that 39.0% of middle school boys, 23.7% of middle school girls, 58.4% of high school boys, and 24.4% of high school girls did not consume EAR for Vitamin B1. 25.7% of middle school boys did not meet EAR for Vitamin B2, while 44.4% high school boys did not satisfy EAR for Vitamin B2.

This study was designed to investigate food consumption patterns and nutrient intakes of college students, divided into subgroups of normal weight men (no.=140), normal weight women (no.=101), and underweight women (no.=155) by body mass index. Frequency of food eaten, nutrient intakes from each meal, percentages of RDAs, and nutrient densities were analyzed using 24-hour recall records. It was very interesting in these results as follows. Normal weight men ate on the whole more frequently than other groups. Underweight women had higher intakes of nutrient than did normal weight women. However normal weight women consumed food of greater nutrient density than did other college students. Consequently, it is desirable to suggest nutrient density of food than learn RDAs for adequate diet in nutritional education programs.

This study was performed to investigate the adequacy of dietary fat and protein intakes among female college students. Daily intakes of energy, fat, protein, major amino acids and other nutrients were measured in 52 female college students. Daily energy intake was 75.8% of the recommended intake. Fat and protein consist 19.2% and 16.7% of the total calorie, respectively. The average protein consumption per day was 105% of the recommended intake. Essential amino acids intakes were more than the recommended amounts which appears in the 6th edition of Recommended Dietary Allowances for Koreans. However, when the intake of each essential amino acid was compared to the recommended amino acid requirement pattern, these subjects did not meet the estimated requirements. There was a highly significant correlation between daily protein intake and lipid intake implying the major sources of protein in the diet were also major sources of fat. Daily intakes of dietary fiber, vitamin C, iron, and phosphorous were above the recommended levels of intake. However, blood hemoglobin concentration was marginal indicating dietary iron consumption is not a good marker for iron status. Also, calcium intake was only 63.5% of the recommended intake. Therefore, these results imply that main problems for these subjects are low energy consumption, low calcium intake, and the quality of protein. However, as opposed to the hypothesis, the main energy sources were not the food items high in saturated fats such as instant foods, which should be emphasized further.

식생활은 지역, 경제, 문화 등의 다양한 요인에 의해 다른 양상을 나타낸다. 1960년 이후 한국의 경제는 급속도로 성장했고, 사회적으로도 많은 변화를 가져왔으며 한국인의 영양상태 또한 급격하게 변화하고 있다. 같은 동양권에서 한국과 일본의 식생활은 많은 유사점을 갖고 있으며 또한 시대별로 비슷한 경향의 식생활 변화를 나타내고 있다. 한국의 영양소별 섭취량은 1988년의 경우 탄수화물, 단백질은 일본을 앞서고 있으며, 지방은 일본이 한국에 비해 섭취량이 2배 이상 많았다. 에너지의 영양소별 섭취 구성비의 연차적 추이를 보면, 양국 모두 탄수화물의 섭취 비율은 감소하고 있고 단백질, 지방의 섭취비율은 증가하였다. 1988년의 경우 탄수화물, 단백질, 지방의 구성비가 일본은 59 : 15 : 26으로 적정수준에 도달해 있고, 한국은 67 : 19 : 14로 일본에 비해 탄수화물의 섭취 비율은 높고 지방의 섭취 비율은 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 식품 공급은 총량은 양국 모두 증가 추세이고, 공급 단백질 중 동물성 단백질이 일본은 45g, 한국은 30.7g이고, 공급 지질 중 유지류는 일본은 39g, 한국은 29g으로 동물성 식품과 유지류의 섭취가 한국에 비해 일본이 높았다.

본 연구는 햇순나물의 이용성 증진 및 소비 촉진을 위하여 햇순나물을 이용하여 4종의 햇순요리를 개발하고 이들의 관능적 특성 및 영양성을 평가하였다. 햇순요리에 대한 관능평가를 실시한 결과, 4종의 햇순요리의 전반적인 기호도가 3.0 이상으로 만족 수준이었으며, 그 중 '엄나무순닭고기냉채'의 기호도는 5점 만점에 4.48점으로 가장 높은 기호를 보였다. 엄나무 순을 이용한 '엄나무순닭고기냉채'는 단백질, 비타민 A, 비타민 E, 비타민 B6, 엽산의 함량이 권장량보다 높았으며, 비타민 C 및 아연의 함량은 권장량보다 낮았으나 권장량의 50% 이상은 충족하였다. 두릅의 새순을 이용한 '두릅곶감무침'은 곶감과 함께 무쳐 두릅의 쓴맛과 떫은맛을 약화시켰으며, 비타민 E, 비타민 C, 비타민 B6, 엽산 및 철의 함량이 권장량보다 약 1.2~1.7배 정도 높았다. 오가피 순을 이용한 '오가피순꽁치조림'은 무와 오가피순을 첨가하여 조리함으로써 꽁치의 비린내를 줄여 기호도를 높였다. '오가피순꽁치조림'은 단백질 함량이 권장량의 1.5배, 비타민 A, E, C 등 각종 비타민의 함량이 권장량의 1.4~3.6배 함유되어 있었다. 참죽순을 이용한 '참죽만두'는 고기를 넣지 않고 두부와 각종 채소를 넣어 만들었으며, 비타민 및 무기질이 풍부하고 다양한 영양소가 함유되어 있었다. '참죽만두'는 햇순나물 요리 중 가장 열량이 높았으며, 비타민 A, 비타민 E, 비타민 C, 티아민, 인과 철의 함량이 권장량보다 높았다.

벼 육묘 일수에 따른 양분 흡수 양상을 밝혀 어린모 기계이앙 상자육묘시 시비의 기초자료로 활용하고자 1990년 모래를 HCI로 세척후 시비량을 달리하고 동진벼를 상자당 200g을 파종하여 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 상토의 질소 함유율은 모래(N-lg), 인공상토 모두 파종 후 3일부터 감소하였으며, 파종 후 11일부터는 모래(N-lg)에서 질소가 검출되지 않았다. 2. 식물체 질소 함유율은 파종 후 9일까지는 모래 N-lg, 인공상토, 모래 N-0g의 순으로 높았으나 파종후 11일부터는 인공상토>모래 N-g>모래 N-0g의 순으로 높았다. 3. 질소 흡수량은 출아 직후인 파종 후 3일부터 인공상토>모래 N-lg>모래 N-0g의 순으로 많았으며, 파종 후 9일까지는 인공상토와 모래 N-1g간에 별 차이가 없었으나 파종 후 11일부터는 흡수량 차이가 컸다. 4. 인산의 흡수량은 파종 후 7일부터 인공상토>모래 N-lg>모래 N-0g의 순으로 많았고 칼리 흡수량은 모래의 시비량간에는 차이가 없었다. 5. 모의 초장과 건물중은 파종 후 3일부터, 엽수는 파종 후 5일부터 인공상토>모래 N-lg>모래 N-0g의 순으로 많았다. 6. 배유 소모율은 인공상토>모래 N-lg>모래 N-0g의 순으로 많았으나 배유 의존도(배유소모량/지상부 건물중)는 모래 N-0g>모래 N-lg>인공상토의 순으로 많았다.