This study investigates the negative perceptions (veganphobia) held by consumers toward vegan diets and fashion and aims to foster a genuine acceptance of ethical veganism in consumption. The textual data web-crawled Korean online posts, including news articles, blogs, forums, and tweets, containing keywords such as “contradiction,” “dilemma,” “conflict,” “issues,” “vegan food” and “vegan fashion” from 2013 to 2021. Data analysis was conducted through text mining, network analysis, and clustering analysis using Python and NodeXL programs. The analysis revealed distinct negative perceptions regarding vegan food. Key issues included the perception of hypocrisy among vegetarians, associations with specific political leanings, conflicts between environmental and animal rights, and contradictions between views on companion animals and livestock. Regarding the vegan fashion industry, the eco-friendliness of material selection and design processes were seen as the pivotal factors shaping negative attitudes. Furthermore, the study identified a shared negative perception regarding vegan food and vegan fashion. This negativity was characterized by confusion and conflicts between animal and environmental rights, biased perceptions linked to specific political affiliations, perceived self-righteousness among vegetarians, and general discomfort toward them. These factors collectively contributed to a broader negative perception of vegan consumption. In conclusion, this study is significant in understanding the complex perceptions and attitudes that consumers hold toward vegan food and fashion. The insights gained from this research can aid in the design of more effective campaign strategies aimed at promoting vegan consumerism, ultimately contributing to a more widespread acceptance of ethical veganism in society.

This study presents a systematic causal analysis of the fuel consumption rate reduction phenomenon observed in mortar-carrier tracked vehicles during driving tests. The investigation focused on identifying the root causes and developing effective improvement measures. Through comprehensive inspections and tests of the chassis and power pack components, along with data analysis, the study identified the damage of the engine flywheel housing gasket and the clogging of the transmission exhaust pump strainer as the main causes of the reduced fuel consumption rate. The causal relationship between the two phenomena was empirically proven using material composition analysis and statistical techniques, enhancing the reliability and validity of the diagnosis. Based on the root cause analysis results, improvements were implemented, including the replacement of the engine gasket and the cleaning of the transmission exhaust pump strainer. The effectiveness of the improvements was quantitatively verified, confirming a significant enhancement in fuel consumption rate and cruising range. By employing a systematic and scientific analysis methodology, this study provides a foundation for improving the reliability and maintenance efficiency of similar weapon systems and power transmission systems in general.

After a comprehensive analysis of the meaning of chao (抄) and chaoshou (抄手) as well as depicting the extended series, it can be seen that no later than the tenth century, chao [抄(钞)] which means “picking by fingers” was extended to mean “arched hands salutation” and became the word chaoshou1 (抄手1). At least in the 1260s, the meaning of chao (抄) was infected by cha5 (叉5), and chao (抄) produced chuigong (垂拱, two-handed fork caged in the sleeve) meaning. At least in the first half of the 15th century, the meaning of chaoshou (抄手) was infected by chashou6 (叉手6), and chaoshou (抄手) produced the meaning of “hands crossed over the arms in front of the chest”; Between the 16th and 19th centuries, due to its prominent image characteristics, chaoshou3 (抄手3), which means “hands crossed over the arms in front of the chest”, had metonymic extended into a flour made food chaoshou4 (抄手4). The transmission path of the chaoshou4 (抄手4): Sichuan, Chongqing (do not distinguish which is the cradle) > Yunnan, Guizhou, Shaanxi, Hubei (do not distinguish the order). Under the dominant role of the implicit meaning of the chaoshou2 (抄手2), as the homomorphic word of the root word chaoshou4 (抄手4), maichaoshou4 (賣抄手4) reassembled: the meaning of maichaoshou4 (賣抄手4) evolved from “selling flour made food chaoshou (抄手)” into maichaoshou2 (賣抄手2, having nothing to do), resulting in the local characteristic maichaoshou2 (賣抄手2). As a phenomenon of word meaning development with backtracking characteristics, the emergence of maichaoshou2 (賣抄手2) deserves attention.

Compound characters in oracle bone inscriptions refer to the form of two or three oracle bone characters combined together. These characters, formed after combination, are called compound characters and represent one of the structural features of oracle bone scripts. The phenomenon of compound characters is prevalent among river names in oracle bone inscriptions. Based on this observation, we propose that the formation of river names in oracle bone inscriptions was initially the combinations of geographic names and rivers, and these compound character forms have generally gone through a development process from separate characters to compound characters. Through the study of the structure formation of river names in oracle bone inscriptions, a deeper understanding of the people’s perceptions of river systems and geographical environments during the Shang Dynasty can be obtained, as well as the relationship between geographic names and rivers.

한국과 중국은 역사적으로 밀접한 이웃 국가이자 동일한 동아시아 역 사 문화를 함께 공유하고 있으며, 최근 양국은 동아시아의 문화를 각자 자국의 중심으로 자리매김하려는 분위기가 확산되고 있다. 1992년 한중 수교 이후 양국의 교류가 본격적으로 시작되면서, 양국 간의 문화갈등 또한 확산되었으며, 2002년 중국의 동북공정 및 2016년 주한미군의 사 드 배치에 대한 보복으로 한한령(限韓令)이 실시되면서, 한중 역사문화 갈등은 더욱 심해졌다. 이후, 양국의 문화갈등은 최근까지도 중국의 대한 국 왜곡된 민족주의 현상으로 나타나고 있으며, 양국 국민들에게 친근한 한국의 연예계 및 전통문화 분야까지 부정하는 현상으로 발생하고 있다. 본 연구는 한류·반한류 현상, 중국식 민족주의를 정리하고, 중국의 한 국문화 부정·왜곡 사례를 정리·조명하며, 이러한 현상의 원인을 밝히는 것이 주요목적이다. 중국의 한국문화에 대한 부정‧왜곡 현상의 원인은 중화주의의 약화 우려, 대국 패권주의 혹은 배타적인 애국주의‧민족주 의로 볼 수 있다. 이에 주요 사례를 정리하고 검토하여, 한중 양국의 정치·경제·외교 등 여러 분야에 대한 파급효과가 우려되므로, 사례별로 정리하고 원인을 알아보며, 미래 사회 양국의 지혜로운 문화적 공생을 시사해 보고자 한다.

“Fo Xi” has become popular on the Internet since the end of 2017 and attracted widespread attention. Under the framework of “Fo Xi X”, people create many “Fo Xi” expressions according to different communication contexts, such as “Fo Xi Raising Children”, “Fo Xi Chasing Stars”, “Fo Xi Employees”, etc. It is obvious that the buzzword “Fo Xi X” has significant memetic qualities. At present, domestic researches on “Fo Xi” are mostly carried out from the perspectives of communication, culture, and sociology. Although a small number of scholars have analyzed the formation and dissemination of “Fo Xi” from the perspective of linguistics such as cognition and semantics, there is no scholar who has integrated internal factors such as structural, semantic, and pragmatic features, with external factors such as subjectivity and contextualization to analyze the influence on the generation, reproduction and spread of the linguistic meme “Fo Xi X” based on memetics. From the perspective of memetic theory, this thesis makes a tentative exploration of “Fo Xi X” expression, and provides a relatively comprehensive explanation of the internal and external factors that affect the generation, reproduction and dissemination of this expression, as well as the pragmatic functions that “Fo Xi X” expression realizes in the process of communication, which supplies a reference for the application of memetics to the study of language phenomena and enriches the case study of Internet buzzwords to a certain extent.

Combat-armored vehicles were equipped with an automatic-fire-extinguishing system to ensure the safety of the crew and vehicle from fires on the vehicle. When a fire was occurred, the automatic-fire-extinguishing system automatically detects the fire through sensors and detection lines, sprays a fire extinguisher, and notifies the crew visually and audibly. Recently, there had been cases of automatic-fire-extinguishing systems malfunction on combat-armored vehicles. In this study, in order to resolve the automatic-fire-extinguisher's malfunction phenomenon, ground noise and inter-circuit noise generated from the fire detection line were identified, and the resistance connected on the circuit was revised to remove noise. As a result of resistance revision, the noises was eliminated and the electromotive force difference between input circuits was made constant, thereby improving the malfunction of the automatic-fire-extinguishing system. By applying the result, it was confirmed that the control device sensed a temperature similar to the actual temperature on actual vehicles, and it was confirmed that the automatic-fire-extinguishing system's malfunction phenomenon was not founded in the field vehicles after then.

2022년 3월12일 제천시의 발표(구체화)에 따르면 제천지역 내 양봉 농가를 대상으로 꿀벌생육실태를 확인한 결과 전체 벌통에서 절반 수준의 꿀벌이 사라진 것을 확인하였다. 이는 이전부터 국내 남부에서 진행되어 오던 꿀벌집단실종 현상의 한계선이 지구온난화로 인해 북쪽으로 이동하고 있다고 언론에서 집중 조명된 적이 있다. 이러한 현상이 과연 한반도 온난화에 의한 것인지의 여부를 파악하고자 원인분석 및 실험을 진행하였다. 먼저 꿀벌실종이 일어난 연도와 달을 중심으로 제천지역내의 기온, 일교차, 강수, 일조량 등 다양한 환경조건 중 예전 과 비교하여 급격한 변화가 일어난 요인을 조사하였으며 이러한 급격한 변화가 일어나는 요인이 꿀벌의 집단실 종에 미칠 수 있는 가능성을 분석하였다. 다른 요인분석으로 미국, 유럽 등에서 꿀벌실종의 주요 원인으로 주목받 고 있는 네오니코티노이드계(Neonicotinoids) 살충제를 이용해 꿀벌에 미치는 영향을 실험하였으며, 생존한계 농도를 측정하였다. 또한 국내 살충제의 연도별 사용량을 간접 비교함으로써 꿀벌실종의 주요요인을 찾고자 하였다. 분석결과 충북제천 꿀벌의 실종은 기온의 상승보다는 일조량이 큰 영향을 미친 것으로 보이며, 향후 일조량에 따른 벌집내부의 온도변화 및 꿀벌의 활동성 변화에 초점을 맞추어 꿀벌실종에 대한 장기적인 상관관 계를 살펴보아야 할 것으로 생각된다.

본 연구에서는 장미 시설재배 중에 나타나는 꽃목굽음현상(BPP, bent peduncle phenomenon)의 발생 양상을 이해 하고 증상 완화 방법을 알아보고자 하였다. 실험 계획은 BPP 를 인위적으로 유도하는 고온 처리와 BPP 증상을 완화하기 위한 비정상적인 꽃받침 제거 두 가지로 설계되었다. ‘Beast’ 대상 BPP 유도실험에서 화아분화 초기 BBS2단계(bud break stage 2, 신초길이 2±0.5cm)에 30℃ 이상 고온에서 쉽게 BPP가 유도되어 고온과 BPP의 연관성을 나타냈다. 또한 6품 종(‘Propose’, ‘Beast’, ‘Revue’, ‘Ocean Song’, ‘Iguana’) 을 대상으로 엽상화 꽃받침조각을 제거한 결과 BPP 완화에 미치는 효과는 품종 특이적이었으며, 품종에 따라 상이한 결 과를 보였다. 꽃받침조각 제거 처리로 BPP가 ‘Legato’와 ‘Revue’에서 유의하게 개선되었고, ‘Beast’와 ‘Iguana’에서 는 오히려 악화되었으며, ‘Propose’와 ‘Ocean Song’에서는 증상이 정지하여 효과적이었다.

이 연구는 한일 간 경제 문화적 관계가 정치적 관계를 극복하고 한류와 혐한 류의 공존 가능성에 대한 근본적 물음에 대해 BTS 활동 사례를 통해 살펴보고 개선방안을 도출하는 데 있다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 혐한류의 원조 는 전후 일본의 재일조선인 정책에서 비롯된 것으로 조선인에 대해 식민지 시 대부터 취해온 일본인의 인식으로 볼 수 있다. 둘째, 한국의 문화정책은 1987 년 민주화 선언 이후 1998년 대중문화개방정책으로 이어졌으며 대일관계 개선 수단과 외교적 위기에서 민단 단체나 자치단체의 교류 증가 등의 긍정적인 측 면을 가져왔다. 셋째, 일본에서 BTS 현상은 한류 문화의 획기적인 확대로 정치 적 관계와 무관하게 민간단체나 자치단체의 가교역할을 초월하여 일본인 수용 자들을 대상으로 한국에 대한 호의적인 태도와 문화적 교류의 확대를 가져왔다 는 데 큰 의미가 있다. 넷째, 일본에서 한류와 혐한류의 현상은 극단적으로 상 호 대립하는 듯이 보이지만, 이러한 두 흐름은 상호 유사성과 함께 동시에 진행 되고 있는 현상으로 볼 수 있다. 그러나 BTS 현상은 이러한 흐름을 초월하였다 는 점에서 주목할 필요가 있다. 결론적으로 일본 사회에서 한류와 혐한류의 동 시적 존재 현상을 직시하고 이에 대한 정확한 인식, 공교육의 활용과 매스컴의 홍보, 시민사회의 수용과 교양강좌 등을 통한 지속적인 개선과 실천 노력이 필 요할 것으로 생각된다.

The demand for energy is steadily rising because of rapid population growth and improvements in living standards. Consequently, extensive research is being conducted worldwide to enhance the energy supply. Transpiration power generation technology utilizes the vast availability of water, which encompasses more than 70% of the Earth's surface, offering the unique advantage of minimal temporal and spatial constraints over other forms of power generation. Various principles are involved in water-based energy harvesting. In this study, we focused on explaining the generation of energy through the streaming potential within the generator component. The generator was fabricated using sugar cubes, PDMS, carbon black, CTAB, and DI water. In addition, a straightforward and rapid manufacturing method for the generator was proposed. The PDMS generator developed in this study exhibits high performance with a voltage of 29.6 mV and a current of 8.29 μA and can generate power for over 40h. This study contributes to the future development of generators that can achieve high performance and long-term power generation.

When a loss of coolant accident which causes a partial or a full drainage in the SFP would happen, Zircaloy-4 spent fuel cladding begin to react with high temperature air, and the heat generates by exothermic reaction between Zircaloy-4 cladding and surrounding air. Due to the heat, the ignition may occur in the surface of Zircaloy-4 cladding. If the Zr-fire phenomenon occurs during the accident in a SFP, the spent fuel cladding and pellets would be severely fragmented and powdered and it may bring about a massive release of radioactive source terms. Therefore, it is crucial to prevent the zirconium fire phenomenon for the spent fuel pool safety. However, a main cause to trigger the zirconium fire was not identified. In order to identify a possible mechanism of the Zr-fire phenomenon, OECD-NEA SFP Project I, II was initiated. In this paper, we reviewed the Zr-fire phenomenon which may occur in the spent fuel pool for complete loss of coolant accident scenario. The Spent Fuel Pool Project (hereinafter SFP project) is the experimental program to investigate the phenomena of spent fuel pool complete loss of coolant accident using a 17×17 PWR fuel assembly. In this section, the zirconium fire phenomenon which was observed from the SFP project is briefly investigated. This paper presented the fuel assembly temperature (i.e. zirconium alloy cladding temperature) and oxygen concentration profile of the SFP project phase-1 ignition test. At around 12.7 hour, the temperature abruptly increased and the oxygen concentration also dramatically decreased. This abrupt temperature escalation is the zirconium fire phenomenon. In order to investigate the mechanism of this zirconium fire phenomenon, behaviors of both temperature and oxygen concentration were fully compared. This paper reviewed the results of OECD-NEA SFP project experiment and then a mechanism of Zr-fire phenomenon was dscussed. It seems that the Zr-fire phenomenon might be a consequence of thermal mismatch between heat generation and dissipation. A large amount of heat might be generated by the air oxidation of Zircaloy-4 spent cladding immediately after the kinetic transition which is a breakaway phenomenon. This paper discussed the relationship between the breakaway phenomenon and the Zr-fire phenomenon in case of air oxidation of Zircaloy-4 spent cladding. This paper presents preliminary findings on the Zr-fire phenomenon from the open experiment data of the prototypic spent fuel severe accident scenario. These findings would enhance the understanding of Zircaloy-4 spent cladding air oxidation and severe accident scenario progression in a SFP.

Chu Bamboo Book in Anhui University (vol.2) published in August 2022 (hereinafter referred to as “Anda II” or “An Da Jian”) is the latest collation of the bamboo slips of the Warring States Period in Anhui University by the Research Center for the Development and Application of Chinese Characters of Anhui University, which includes two parts: Zhongni Yue and Cao Mo Chen. Through a preliminary comparison and analysis of the writing phenomena corresponding to the purposes of such articles as Cao Mo Zhi Chen and Zhong Ni Yue in An Da Jian, Cao Mo Zhi Zhen in Shang Bo Jian (Chu Bamboo Book in Shanghai Museum), the author found some special phenomena related to He Wen. For example, although the writing of Cao Mo by An Da Jian seems to have various ways of writing, this way of writing may contain a profound interpretation of the meaning of the text by the scribes at that time. This writing phenomenon is of great value for in-depth consideration: 1.When the two words “Shang Xia (上下)” and “Zhi Suo (之所)” can be taken apart or not, the words that cannot be taken apart are often written as He Wen, and the words that can be taken apart are often not written as He Wen; 2.When the original two words “Jun Zi (君子)” and “Xiao Ren (小人)” cannot be separated, the written form of He Wen may represent a special emphasis. At the same time, through a comparative study of the use of Chinese characters in Cao Mo and Zhongni Yue, we may speculate that although Cao Mo and Zhongni Yue may not belong to the same style of writing, at least in the arrangement of He Wen, There may be some similar writing logic in these two chapters - the speculation about this writing logic may be used in the analysis of other difficult texts in Zhongni Yue.

Translators of chemical translations in the late Qing Dynasty translated element terms in several ways: connected with Chinese natural object nouns and recorded new meanings with the same characters of the nouns, created translated names, used common words, borrowed from inherent Chinese characters, and created new character. Translators use or create characters according to different motivations, and the selected characters may accord with the components of the characters coincidentally, resulting in one character with multiple translations. As different translators translated the foreign names of the same element, different motivations for selecting/creating characters, or the same motivations with different components of the characters, resulting in different characters with the same usage. Because of the influence of the words used in the translation of Hua Xue Jian Yuan and the requirements for the systematic use of words, most of the words used for liberal translation that are related to the natural nouns have been retained, and the other words have been almost eliminated. The reasons for the elimination include: the selection of inherent Chinese characters leads to an imbalance in the Chinese character system, the inconvenience of the recognition/use of borrowed and created characters, the phenomenon of one character with multiple translations and different characters with the same usage, etc.

We investigate the astronomical phenomenon records of Sukjong’s 𝐶ℎ𝑢𝑛𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑔-𝐼𝑙𝑔𝑖 made by 𝑆𝑖𝑔𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑤𝑜𝑛 (Royal Educational Office of the Crown Prince) at which King Sukjong was the crown prince (i.e., 1667 January 24–1674 September 22). From the daily records of 2,799 days, we extract the astronomical records of 1,443 days and classify them into 14 categories. Then, we group the records of each category into five phenomena (Atmosphere, Eclipse, Daylight Appearance, Apparition, and Appulse) and compare them with the results of modern astronomical computations wherever possible. Except for Atmosphere group comprising records of meteorological events, such as solar halo, lunar halo, and unusual clouds, the significant findings in every other group are as follows: In Eclipse group, the solar eclipse that occurred on 1673 August 12 was unobservable in Korea, which is in contrast to the record of 𝐽𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑜𝑛𝑤𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑗𝑜-𝑆𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑘 (Annals of the Joseon Dynasty), which states that the sun was in eclipse around sunset time, as observed at 𝑁𝑎𝑚 mountain. From the lunar eclipse records, we verify that the Joseon court did not change the date of the events observed after midnight. In Daylight Appearance group, we confirm that this phenomenon was observed during the daytime and not during twilight. We further suggest that if observation conditions are met, a celestial body brighter than −2.3 mag could be seen during the daytime with the naked-eye. In Apparition group, we find the possibilities that the Orionid meteor shower had influence on the meteor records and the seasonality on the aurora records. We also find that the Korean records in which the coma of comet C/1668 E1 was located below the horizon were overlooked in previous studies. Finally, we find that the records of Appulse group generally agree with the results of modern calculations. The records of 𝐵𝑒𝑜𝑚 (trespass in literal) and 𝑆𝑖𝑘 (eating in literal) events show average angular separations of 1.2◦ and 1.0◦, respectively. In conclusion, we believe this work helps study the astronomical records of other logs of 𝑆𝑖𝑔𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑤𝑜𝑛, such as Sunjong’s 𝐶ℎ𝑢𝑛𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑔-𝐼𝑙𝑔𝑖.

본 논문에서는 K-콘텐츠의 문화 확산 현상을 수용-전이-재생산의 관 점을 통해 분석하였다. 특히 본고에서는 K-콘텐츠 확산이 비교적 늦은 시기 진행된 유럽지역에서의 확산 과정을 분석함으로써 수용-전이-재생 산의 문화 확산 과정을 고찰하고자 한다. 이를 위해 본고에서는 한국국 제문화교류진흥원, 한국콘텐츠진흥원 등 문화체육관광부 산하 한류문화 콘텐츠 진흥업무에 관련한 기관의 주요 통계자료를 활용하였다. 나아가 본고는 유럽 내 한류문화 인식자료로써 한-유럽 협력기관인 한국유럽센 터의 분석보고서 및 유럽 주요국의 언론기사 자료를 분석하였다.

본 연구에서는 국악의 세계화를 위하여 ‘이날치’ 밴드의 음악과 세계적으로 큰 호응을 얻고 있는 일명 ‘이날치 현상’을 바탕으로 새로운 국악의 세계화에 관하여 연구하는 데 목적이 있으며, 이를 위하여 문헌연구와 설문 조사를 하 였다. 설문 조사를 통하여 현재 국악 세계화 논의에서의 문제점을 도출하고, 연구 결과를 ‘이날치’ 밴드가 가진 특징, 그들의 보여주는 장르 양식이 국악의 세계화에 어떤 영향을 미칠 수 있고, 국악의 세계화를 위한 새로운 방안 및 방향을 연구하는데 이바지하고자 하였다. 본 연구를 한 결과, 전통적인 국악의 형태보다는 현대적 재해석을 거친 음 악에 대한 선호도가 내국인은 물론 외국인에게도 높게 나타난다는 것을 확인 하였으며, 국악의 세계적 발전을 위해서는 이러한 점을 고려한 발전 방안이 필요함을 시사한다. 기존의 판소리는 한국인도 쉽게 이해하지 못하는 경우가 많았고, 가사가 명확하게 들리거나 이해할 수 없는 부분으로 인해 전통 음악 임에도 한국인도 크게 관심을 가지지 않았다. 반면, 이날치 밴드의 음악은 가사를 이해하지 못하는 외국인도 리듬과 소리만으로도 음악을 즐길 수 있고, 한국인의 경우 가사가 명확하게 들리고 이해하기 쉬운 어휘를 사용하기 때문 에 이에 대한 흥미가 더욱 높아지는 것을 알 수 있다. 이러한 결과를 통해 국악의 세계화를 위해서는 전통적인 국악의 형태를 전 승 및 보존하는 것도 중요하지만, 이를 현대적으로 재해석하여 세계적으로 한 국의 음악의 위상을 높이고 국악에 관한 관심을 증대하는 방안이 필요함을 알 수 있다. 본 연구의 결과가 이러한 방안을 뒷받침한다는 점에서 의의가 있으며, 이를 바탕으로 국악의 세계화를 위한 국악의 현대화가 필요하다고 생각한다.