An aeroponic seed potato production technology project has been established in Pakistan through the Technical Cooperation Project (TCP) between RDA-KOPIA and PARC. For sustainable potato production, producing high-quality and disease-free potato seeds is critical in Pakistan. The majority of the farmers recycle their own seeds or obtain them through informal ways. Consequently, tuber-borne illnesses proliferate, seeds deteriorate, and yield diminishes. To mitigate such problems, the country moved to sustainable seed potato production by adopting rapid seed multiplication strategies like the combination of tissue culturing with aeroponic seed production technology which is being evaluated as an alternative to traditional pre-basic seed production methods. A series of experiments were carried out to evaluate the shoot development and mini tuber production attributes between two cultivars, different plantlet size and planting period between October 27, 2021, and January 27, 2022, at the NARC aeroponic facility. A CRD design with three replications was used. The study aimed to compare the productivity by variety, plantlet size and planting period to improve aeroponic seed production technology in Pakistan. The results indicated that Lady Rosetta outperformed Asterix in terms of shoot growth and small tuber output. Early planting at an optimal temperature of 27 degrees Celsius in the daytime showed a substantial difference when compared to late planting in November and tuberization was commenced 50-55 days after transplantation. Furthermore, in an aeroponic seed potato production system, normal plantlets (8-10 cm) at the time of transplantation, performed better than medium and small plantlets. In a nutshell, it was determined that normal size plantlets (8-10 cm) of Lady Rosetta cultivar, planted at optimum time to plant showed best results in the aeroponic system at NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan.

감자 가공용 신품종‘새봉’의 무병주 대량생산을 위하여 microponic system에서 배양액의 농도변화가 감자 소식물체 생육에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 수행 하였다. 조절한 감자 배양액의 농도는 EC 0.2, 0.6, 1.0, 1.4, 1.8, 14.0dS·m−1수준 이었으며 감자 조직배양묘는 생장점과 잎을 2개 포함한 1.5cm길이로 잘라 50mL 유리병(glass vial) 에 1개씩 치상하여 18일, 또는 21일간 2회에 걸쳐 하였다. 배양액량은 용기 당 2mL씩 넣고 10일 후 1 mL를 첨가 하였으며, 환경조건은 일장 16시간, 온도 23 ± 1oC, 40mmol−2·s−1의 백색 LED에서 실험 I의 배양액농도는 EC 0.2, 1.0, 14dS·m−1였으며, 실험 II의 배양액농도는 0.6, 1.0, 1.4, 1.8dS·m−1로 조정하였다. 치상 7일 후 소식물체의 생존율은 0.2dS·m−1에서 90%, 0.6dS·m−1에서 100%, 1.0dS·m−1에서 100%, 1.4dS·m−1에서 0%, 1.8dS·m−1에서 0%, 14.0dS·m−1에서 0% 이었다. 배양액의 전기전도도를 1.0dS·m−1으로 조절한 처리에서 이식 2일 후 뿌리가 발육 되어 소식물체 생육이 왕성하게 생장하여 18일 만에 7개 의 엽, 길이 5cm, 생중 0.5g이상의 식물체로 생육하였다. 배양액의 농도를 0.6dS·m−1으로 조절한 처리에서는 이식 4일 후부터 뿌리가 발육되어 21일 후 5개의 엽, 길이 4cm, 생중 0.2g을 가진 식물체로 생육하였다. 따라서 microponic system에서 무병 감자 묘 대량생산을 위해서는 감자배양액의 전기전도도를 0.6~1.0dS·m−1 조절하여 관리하는 것이 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

Background : Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer is one of most important medicinal (Glycyrrhizae radix) herbs in traditional oriental medication and they are also important commercial products used worldwide in sweetening and flavoring. They contain the similar compounds, such as the triterpenoid saponins and flavonoids. Therefore, it is necessary to develop more efficient and sustainable methods for the production of G. uralensis Fischer and its medicinal constituents. This study was accomplished to investigate the effect of medium composition on in vitro propagation and plantlet regeneration from nodal explants of G. uralensis Fischer, and to establish a reliable protocol for micropropagation. Methods and Results : Young and actively growing stem segments were excised from adult plants of new cultivar ‘manju’. They were cut into a 1cm nodal segments with single node after sterilization, and cultivated in the different medium supplemented with various plant growth regulators for two weeks. For shoot multiplication, one-node stem segments, approximately 1 ㎝ in length, were taken from in vitro derived shoots and subcultured. After four weeks of culture, the efficacy of each medium on shoot proliferation and growth was determined, and these shoots were transferred onto medium with different auxin hormones for rooting. Conclusion : After seven to ten days of culture, shoots began to emerge from axillary buds. They showed a vigorous growth and elongation in multiplication medium. During culture period, in vitro cultured plantlets showed significantly different responses to the respective medium with different plant growth regulators. Our experiments confirmed that in vitro growth and multiplication of palntlets could depend on its reaction to the different medium composition, and this micropropagation techniques could be a useful system for healthy and vigorous plant production.

Freesia is one of the most popular flowers over the world including Korea, due to the fragrance and beauty of the plant flower. The first domestic freesia cultivar ‘Shiny Gold’ was developed by NIHHS, RDA, in 2003, which has yellow double and large petals and strong fragrance. Ten years have passed since ‘Shiny Gold’ was cultivated at floral farms, and the deterioration of cut flower quality and yield are reported from the farms. Virus infection causes a reduction in the quantity and quality of the cut freesia flowers and is one of the most serious problems in Korea. Virus detection was carried by reverse transcription polymer chain reaction (RT-PCR) for FreMV, FreSV, BYMV, CMV, and TRV, as known to infect freesia. FreMV, FreSV, BYMV, and TRV were detected single or multiply, and CMV was not found in the freesia leaves collected from the farms. To produce virus-free freesia, meristem culture of ‘Shiny Gold’ was conducted in MS medium added ribavirin at different concentration. As the increased of ribavirin concentration, the growth of ‘Shiny Gold’ plantlets was inhibited in freesia’Shiny Gold’. The plantlets produced by meristem culture in ‘Shiny Gold’ were virus free at the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) level.

Buckwheat sprout is used as vegetable, and also flour for making noodles, and so on. Currently, information about tissue culture in buckwheat is limited and restricted to micro-propagation. We carried out somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration using hypocotyl segments as explant of the cultivated buckwheat species, Fagopyrum esculentum which differs from existing studies in the growth regulator combinations used. Maximum callus regeneration was induced on MS medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) 2.0 mg · L-1, benzyladenine (BA) 1.0 mg · L-1 and 3% sucrose. Friable callus was transferred to solidified MS media containing BA (1.0 mg · L-1) with various concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid for the induction of embryogenesis. The optimum concentrations of growth regulators (for regeneration of plantlet) were indole-3-acetic acid (2.0 mg · L-1), Kinetin (1.0 mg · L-1), BA (1.0 mg · L-1). Only 2,4-D did not show any significant effect on callus induction or embryogenesis. Regeneration of embryonic callus varied from 5% to 20%. Whole plants were obtained at high frequencies when the embryogenic calli with somatic embryos and organized shoot primordia were transferred to MS media with 3% sucrose. The main objective of this research was to develop an efficient protocol for plant regeneration for common buckwheat, and to apply in future for genetic transformation.

일반적으로 보석란으로 알려진 금선련은 대만에서 폐나 간의 질병 및 발열이나 두통 치료를 위한 전통식물약제로 사용되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 생물반응장치를 이용하여 조직배양된 금선련 식물체에 대하여 화장품 성분으로써 응용 가치를 평가하였다. 이미 몇몇 보고 된 논문에서 금선련은 항암활성, 면역 활성, 간 보호 활성 및 지질대사의 약리학적 활성 등에 대한 연구가 되고 있지만 화장품 성분으로 효능들에 대한 연구는 알려져 있지 않다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 생물반응장치를 이용하여 조직배양된 금선련 추출물에 대하여 미백 및 항비만 관련한 효능 효과를 평가하였다. 실험 결과 조직배양된 금선련 추출물은 tyrosinase 활성 및 멜라닌 합성 억제 효과뿐만 아니라 지방 전구 세포의 지방세포로의 분화를 억제시킴으로써 세포 내 지질 축적을 억제하였다. 이러한 결과들은 피부보호를 위한 화장품 성분으로서 응용 가능성을 제공 할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

반하의 조직배양을 통한 대량증식방법 확립의 일환으로 실시한 기내배양에서의 소괴경형성 및 식물체 분화에 영향을 미치는 배지 NAA와 Thidiazuron의 최적조건을 구명하고져 실시한 실험의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1, 식물생장조절물질로 NAA와 TDZ을 단독처리 할 때 TDZ 0.5 μM에서 shoot수가 45개로 가장 양호하였으며 root분화는 NAA 2.0 mg/l 에서 가장 양호하였다. 2. NAA 0.1 mg/l +TDZ 2.0 μM 조합처리에서 shoot분화가 가장 양호하였으며 NAA 2.0 mg/l +TDZ 2.0 μM 처리시에 가장 저조하였다. 3. 반하의 소괴경 형성은 MS배지에서는 TDZ 5.0 μM 단독처리와 NAA 0.1 mg/l +TDZ 2.0 μM 처리에서 소괴경 형성이 가장 양호하였다. B5배지에서는 TDZ 1.0 μM 단독처리와 NAA 1.0 mg/l +TDZ 5.0 μM 처리에서 소괴경 형성이 가장 양호하였으나 생체중은 NAA 0.1 mg/l 와 TDZ 5.0 μM의 단독처리에서 생체중이 가장 무거웠다. 4. MS, MG, B5배지조성에 따른 소괴경형성은 MG배지에서 30일배양후 가장 양호하였으며 생체중도 좋았다. 5. 분화된 식물체 뿌리분화에는 IAA보다 NAA가, MS 보다 1/2MS가 더 효과적인 결과를 보여 1/2MS배지에 NAA 2 mg/l 를 처리하였을 때 23.3개의 뿌리가 유도되어 가장 높은 결과를 보였다. 완전분화된 식물체를 vermiculite가 담긴 포트에 이식하여 온실에서 순화시킨 결과 80%정도의 생존율을 보였다.

양하(襄荷)를 대양번식(大量繁植) 하고자 경정부위(莖頂部位)의 기내배양(器內培養) 방법(方法)을 확립(確立)하기위하여, 경정부위(莖頂部位)의 생장(生長)에 알맞은 기본부지(基本部地) 및 식물생장조절제(植物生長調節劑)의 농도(濃度)를 구명(究明)하고자 본(本) 실험(實驗)을 수행(遂行)하였던 바 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 양하(襄荷)의 경정부위(莖頂部位)는 치상후(置床後) 10~12주(週) 후(後)에 기관(器官) 분화현상(分化現像)이 나타나서 shoot와 root가 발생(發生)되었다 2. 양하(襄荷)의 경정(莖頂)은 MS기본부지(基本部地)에 치상(置床)한 환경(環境) 비교적(比較的) 생장(生長)이 잘 되었다. 3. 기내(器內)의 Plantlet의 생장(生長)은 식물생장조절제(植物生長調節劑) NAA 0.5ppm과 BA 5.0ppm의 혼합(混合) 첨가배지(添加培地)에서 좋은 경향(傾向)이었다.

The study was conducted to determine the optimal basal media and the concentration of plant growth regulator for germination of seeds and growth of plantlet from Dendrobium monile. The results obtained were summarized as follows. Germination was similar in light and dark condition, but the growth of plantlet after germination was better under dark than under light condition in several media. Germination was best in Hyponex and Kyoto solution medium among the 9 media tested. The number of roots/shoot was most in the Hyponex medium containing 0,1ppm NAA and 1.Oppm BA.