In recent years, with the increase of people’s automobile travel, the traffic has become more and more congested, and the generated automobile exhaust aggravates the environmental pollution. In order to realize the development of the concept of low carbon and environmental protection, China’s new energy vehicles have developed rapidly, and plug-in hybrid vehicles have played a crucial role in the transformation of the automobile industry. China’s plug-in hybrid vehicle industry has developed so far and has become an important production and sales country in the world. Based on this, this paper studies the current situation and existing problems of China’s plug-in hybrid electric vehicle export trade, and proposes improved countermeasures, which is conducive to improving the export competitiveness of China’s plug-in hybrid electric vehicles.

This study aimed to find a suitable size and a seedling raising stage for growing cuttings of Euonymus fortunei ‘Emerald and Gold’ using plug trays. The experimental method, involved cutting two nodes from a solitary branch of E. fortunei ‘Emerald and Gold’, and the use of 32 (143 mL/cell), 50 (70 mL/cell), 105 (18 mL/cell), 200 (13 mL/cell) plug trays. The cuttings were transplanted to trays after they were filled with a universal horticultural medium. To compare the growths, plant heights, the numbers of leaves, longest root lengths, thickness/radius ratios, dry weights, and fresh weights were measured from July to October, and statistical analyses were performed using both the two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post-test. The results confirmed that the size of the plug tray and the seedling raising stage had a significant effect on the growth of E. fortunei ‘Emerald and Gold.’ In addition, the overall growth was high and the change in growth was relatively rapid in districts 50 and 105. Therefore, it can be considered appropriate to use 50 and 105 trays when growing cuttings of E. fortunei ‘Emerald and Gold’ on plug trays.

Background : Teucrium veronicoides Maximowicz is a perennial plant affiliated to labiate. Ther e were many oil components such as methylchavicol, anethole, anisaldehyde, p-methoxycinnamal dehyde, 3-ocatanone and p-cymene. It has been used for indigestion, stomachache, vomit, diarrhe a in the chinese medicine field. Besides it used as medicine, it used increasingly as food additiv es, tea and air fresheners etc. This experiment was focused on plugs and planting date. That's why the plug plants are very useful for transplanting. It saves time and labor for farmer with well-management system. During the raised seeding time, they could has gotten plant health and maximum potential state. The planting date which would have something related to the growth of plug. Methods and Results : Plug plants raised in the greenhouse during 30 days. The interval of planting date was 10 days and five time planted in planting density of 60*30cm sized area with three repeat treatments. The first treatment was middle April. The last planting date was late May. Before planting period, the length of plant and the length of leaf were the highest at the middle April, respectively. The stem diameter was highest at late March. The number of leaf was the most in the late March and early April than other planting date. In the planting period, the length of plant was highest at early April. The stem diameter was also highest at that time. There were no differences on the length and the width of leaf. The number of leaf per plant was the most at the early May. The branches per plant and number of node per plant were the highest in middle April. In the respect of yield, early May had the highest dried yield than that of other treatments. It was 492.2kg/10a. The index of which was 122. The lowest was 317.2kg/10a in late May. Conclusion : About the characteristics on the growth and the yield of Teucrium veronicoides Maximowicz plug in accordance with the planting date, the yield of early May was the highest than that of other in this study. Therefore planting date of early May would have high possibility of optimum planting date.

A simple in-situ biomethane system to upgrade biogas was developed by using differential solubility of biogas which normally contains 35-45% carbon dioxide (CO2) and 55-65% methane (CH4) by volume. The biomethane system consists of mesophilic plug-flow sorghum digester coupled with a leachate recycle loop to an external CO2 stripper. The leachate produced in the mesophilic plug-flow digester flows to the stripper where dissolved CO2 is removed. Then the leachate that CO2 was completely stripped out is recycled back to the plug-flow reactor, resulting in absorbing CO2 and enriched CH4 contents in digester offgas from the mesophilic plug-flow digester. Offgas CH4 contents was correlated well with leachate recycle rates and alkalinity. To maintain a biogas methane content over 95%, 3 volume of leachate recycle per volume of reactor per day(3 v/v-d) and at the reactor alkalinity of 4 g/L as CaCO3 was required. Even at an intermittent stripping ratio up to 3 hours stripping(N2 sweep gas 700 ml/min) and 1 hour no-stripping, the offgas methane content over 95% was achieved. It thus resulted in a 25% reduction in the total energy and sweep gas consumption. The TVS removal efficiency of the biomethane system was 80 percent which corresponded to 96% of the control reactor. The leachate recycle rates directly affected methane productivity that appeared to be 0.71 v/v-d at 3 volume of leachate recycle per volume of reactor per day(3v/v-d) and at the reactor alkalinity of 4 g/L as CaCO3.

The experiment was conducted to improve the selection efficiency m the first generation through the analysis of variation pattems of major tuber characteristics when raising hybrid seedling using the different plug cell size. The correlations in related t

For the mass production of plug seedlings in cultivar ‘Dejima’ potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) the optimal apical cutting diameter for rooting and rapid multiplication of stem cuttings in hydroponics were determined. In addition, the best planting date was predicted to increase tuber yield of plug seedlings at fall cropping in Cheju-Do, Korea. Days to initial rooting decreased as the cutting diameter was reduced. Plant height, leaf number, root length and root weight per plant were favorable as the cutting diameter was small. The ideal cutting diameter was 1-2 mm in this experiment. In the hydroponic cultures, the Japanese standard (JS) nutrient solution was the most effective for multiplication of stem cuttings. It was able to propagate more than 20 times a month from a single mother plant. Viability of plants, which were derived from plug seedlings using stem cuttings, was excellent when transplanted to the field. The number of tubers and tuber yield in both of the plug seedlings and seed potato planting plots were high when planted on 25 August. The number and yield were reduced when planted on 15 August, 5 September and 15 September. The degree of decrease of tuber yield in the plug seedling planting plot however, was lower than that of seed potatoes when the planting date was late. In the case of small tubers (under 30 g), the number of tubers and tuber yield were evidently increased in the seed potato tuber planting plot; the yield of large tuber (over 80g) in the plug seedling planting plot was higher than that of the seed potato. The total tuber yield per plant in the plug seedling planting plot was less than that of the seed potato; therefore, in order to increase tuber yield it was necessary to increase field plant density.

The objectives of this study were to find the sprouting condition and to establish the optimum production methods of plug seedlings in yacon (Polymnia sonchifolia Poepp. & Endl.). The sprouting ratio was greatest at 30~pm 1~circC at 20 days after planting. Crowns with single buds were more effective than those with two or more buds for sprouting, which might be due to the apical dominance. Planting the shoots separated from crown after sprouting in the single- and double-layer polyethylene-covered greenhouses reduced seedling period with 25% and 50%, respectively. Planting the shoots after sprouting was more effective than planting the crown buds. Double-layer polyethylene-covered green-house was good for plug seedling production than open field or single-layer polyethylene-covered greenhouse. The bed soils composed of clay loam : compost or sand : compost (1:l=v:v) were more effective to produce plug seedlings than only clay loam, sand or compost. Seedlings could be produced at 30 days after planting in our studies

감자의 생장점 배양을 통하여 생산된 소량의 소괴경(microtuber)을 경삽하여 균일하게 생장된 플러그우량묘를 대량생산할 수 있는 기술을 개발하기 위하여 삽수를 정단 및 기부부위로 구분하고 NAA 및 IAA 10 mg /1 용액에 2시간 침지하여 cocopeat, vermiculite, perlite, peatmoss 혼용배지를 이용한 삽목과 온로장 처리 ,포장정식후 괴경형성효을에 대하여 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 감자의 소괴경 유내 줄기를 이용한 플러그 삽목시 고체배지는 cocopeat, vermiculite, perlite, peatmoss를 이용한 혼합배지에서 플러그의 형성율이 양호하게 나타났다. 2. 고온장일조건(20℃ 이상, 16시간의 일장)에서는 지상부생육 및 지하부발근이 양호하였으나, 외부방치구에서는 발근이 부진하고 복지가 발생하여 소괴경이 형성되었다. 3. 지상, 지하부 생체중은 생장조절제 전처리시 NAA 10mg/1 및 IAA 10mg/1 간에 차이가 없었다. 4. 삽수부위별로는 삽목묘의 초기생육은 초장에서는 비슷한 경향이었고, 그 외 엽수, 근수, 근장 등의 형질은 정단부위묘가 양호하였지만, 포장정식 후에는 큰 차이가 없었다. 5. 삽목묘를 봄재배하여 괴경형성여부를 시험한 결과 초장은 70~80cm, 복지수 10여개, 괴경수는 7~8개가 형성되었다.

시호의 조직 배양묘와 배양식물의 종자를 이용하여 플러그묘를 생산하기 위한 실험을 수행한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 재분화식물의 순화를 위해 영양배지없이 증류수, GA(0.1mg/l), putrescine(0.1mg/l)을 소식물체에 흡수시킨 결과 GA처리가 신초 및 뿌리생육에 가장 효과적이었다. 2. 무기염류의 농도를 1/2로 줄인 MS배지와 NAA 0.1ng/l +BA 0.5mg/l 를 조합한 호르몬처리에서 배양묘의 생장과 건물중이 가장 양호하였다. 0.4%의 활성탄물의 관수와 30℃의 온도에서 생장이 촉진되었다. 3, 배양식물의 종자를 파종하여 육성한 플러그묘는 peatmoss상토와 마사토을 혼합한 상토와 원더그로 1, 2, 3호의 배합비를 1. 3-0. 9-0. 3로 하였을 때 생육이 가장 양호하였다. 4. 4%의 보광처리 및 30℃의 온도에서 묘령별로는 90일묘가 가장 생육이 양호하였다.

Methane production from grain dust was studied using a 3 L laboratory-scale anaerobic plug flow digester. The digester was operated at; temperature of 35, 45, and 55℃ hydraulic retention time(HRT) of 6 and 12 days; and influent concentration(S_0) of 7.8 and 9.0 % total solids(%TS). With ten different operation conditions, this study showed the significant effects of temperature, hydraulic retention time, and influent concentration on methane production, The highest methane-production rate achieved was 1.903 (L methane) /(L digester)(day) at 55℃, 6 days HRT, and S_0 of 7.8 %TS. A total of 3.767 L of biogas per day with a methane content of 50.57% was obtained from this condition. The ultimate methane yield(B_0 was found to be a function of temperature and influent concentration, and was described as : B_0= 0.02907T-0.1263-0.00297(T-10)(%TS), where TS is the total solids in the liquid effluent, and T is temperature(℃). Our results showed that thermophilic condition is better than mesophilic for grain dust stabilization in an anaerobic plug flow digester.