Fear of missing out (FoMO) is an emotional, psychological, intellectual, and physical feeling of deprivation or exclusion from an event. This paper aims at finding key factors and sub-factors responsible for FoMO among social media users. The survey data for conducting factor analyses and structural equation modeling (SEM) was collected from heavy and moderate users of social media. It analysed the role of gratification, popularity, and acceptance in social media users in the FoMO phenomenon. The factor analyses gave the final construct impacting FoMO. The study highlighted the agenda for future researchers in the given domain.

오페라 작곡가 베르디의 『레퀴엠』은 대규모 관현악의 다양한 악기들과 8성부에 이르는 극적 인 종교적 합창곡이며 동시에 음악회를 위한 예술적 가치를 높이 평가 받고있는 작품이다. 다양 한 극적인 요소로써 금관악기를 비롯한 장엄한 음향과 가사처리, 모방적이고 반복적인 작곡기법 등이 있다. 본 논문은 종교적 합창곡에서 찾아볼 수 있는 대중적인 요소들을 베르디의 종교적 진혼곡『레퀴엠』을 통해 살펴보고자 한다. 우선 합창에서의 대중성은 가사를 편집하고 합창에 있어서 극적인 성부의 효과적으로 배치하고 있다. 가사 처리에 대한 작곡가의 의도는 장례 미사에 쓰여 지는 기능성을 가진 음악이라기보다는 예술적인 차원을 강조하여 대중성을 높인다고 할 수 있다. 두 번째, 연주회장에서 금관악기 등의 공간적 배치는 청중에게 현장감과 몰입감을 높인다. 소리의 공간감 과 입체감은 음악회에 대한 보다 만족스러운 결과를 가져다주며 실제 연주회장에서 작곡가에 의해 창출 된 음향적 의도가 효과적으로 실현될 수 있다. 마지막으로 합창음악에서의 대중성을 가지기 위해서는 선율이 단순하고 명확하며 합창 성부들을 수직적으로 화음의 구성 및 배치하며 또한 극단적인 셈여림 등으로 대중성을 높이고 있다.

본 논문은 17~19세기 명․청대 박고문자기의 제작배경, 유형과 시기별 특징, 그리고 조 선과 일본도자에 미친 영향관계에 대한 전반적인 고찰을 목적으로 삼았다. 박고문자기는 고동기에 대한 완상 및 애호가 일종의 문인취미로서 확산되었던 명․청대 사회상을 반영한 대표적인 시각작품이다. 그 제작배경과 관련하여 당대 문헌사료들을 통해 박고취미가 성행했던 시대적 배경을 확인하였다. 이어서 17~19세기 자기 박고문에서 보이 는 고기물 도상, 문방청완, 팔보 등 기타 길상소재 등의 구성요소로 유형 분류를 시도하고, 유형별 자기 박고문의 편년자료와 양식을 통해 17~19세기 박고문자기의 시기별 특징을 살펴 보았다. 그 결과, 17~19세기 자기 박고문은 크게 4가지 유형으로 분류가 가능했으며, 이는 곧 시기별 박고문자기의 변천과 특징으로 이어졌다. 17세기 중후반, 경덕진 민요에서 문인취 향이 적극 반영되어 나타난 박고문자기는 18세기 이후에는 官樣의 내수뿐 아니라 다양한 품종으로 유럽 수출자기로도 크게 성행하였다. 19세기에는 전반적으로 자기의 질이 쇠퇴되며, 민간 잡보를 비롯한 여러 길상적 문양요소로 이전보다 더욱 번잡해지는 구성으로 변모되었다. 한편 박고문자기는 같은 한자 문화권이었던 조선과 일본도자에도 영향을 미쳤으며, 현전 하는 작품들의 비교 분석을 통해 그 영향관계를 확인하였다. 조선의 경우, 조선 후기 골동애 완풍조 등 중국의 복고적 취향을 잇는 주요 매개체로 작용하였으며, 이와 동일한 맥락에서 19세기 민화적 요소와 결합되어 자기의 문양으로 변용되었다. 일본은 조선과는 달리 17~18세기 유럽시장을 배경으로 한 수출자기에서의 수용과 변용이 이뤄졌으며, 일본식 미 감이 가미된 일본 수출자기의 특색으로 자리하였다. 이처럼 조선과 일본 각국에서 중국 박고 문자기를 수용하는 시기와 경로, 모방과 변용양상이 다르게 나타난 점을 통해 동아시아 도자 문화에서 갖는 박고문자기의 의미를 확인할 수 있었다.

The effectiveness of global brands is traditionally measured by its ability to turn the brand’s target audience into consumers. Yet the focus on consumption overlooks the significance of customer equity within non-target audiences. Studying this phenomenon has become increasingly important with the advent of the internet and cross-border mass-communications which expose brands to global non-target audiences. Yet, little is known about how consumers who have no experience with the brand anticipate such experience purely based on brand popularity? Also, little is known how are components of the global brand personality particularly active in shaping the anticipated brand/customer experience? Thus, this study examines customer anticipated experience of a global brand - Hard Rock Café, in Ukraine. The conceptual model focuses on the relationship between brand popularity with brand excitement and competence and their influence on customer perceived value of the anticipated brand experience and the impact of the perceived value on customer liking of the experience and intention to engage with the brand. Using 214 Ukrainian respondents, the conceptual module was supported with significant implications for global brand engagement in target and non-target audiences.

This paper uses the informational cascades perspectives to investigate how popularity of online service deals influences consumers’ reactions when (in)congruently presented with star rating evaluations. Previous research suggested that deal popularity and star rating are two common information cues representing past consumers’ online behavior that signal about online service quality potentially influencing prospective online consumers’ judgments and decision making (Flanagin et al. 2014; Kao et al. 2016). Hence this research aims to examine the conditions under which online deal popularity and star rating can effectively influence service quality evaluation and purchase intention. Using scenario-based experiments, we show how different combinations of information cues impact on the manner in which online deal popularity is used by consumers to shape service quality expectation and purchase intention. Findings indicate that congruency effect is highly influential when high deal popularity is paired with high star rating. Specifically, an informational cascade effect is activated by high deal popularity which overrides quality cue of low star rating. Accordingly, consumers’ service quality expectation and purchase intention are increased even when a low star rating is presented simultaneously with low star rating. Findings are useful to marketing strategists and e-retailers as they devise their online strategies, promotional campaigns and website design.

Background and Purpose of Study: Social commerce refers to a form of electronic commerce based on Social Networking Service (SNS) and has grown substantially since the advent of Groupon in 2008. The growth of social commerce was accelerated with the increased popularity of SNS, where consumers share product information and reviews and the information is spread to others through SNS in real time (KB financial group, 2015). Social commerce can be divided into three types: (1) online group buying, (2) online shopping linked with the SNS, and (3) online shopping in SNS. The first type of social commerce is the most common type in Korea and the current study conducted an experiment based on the online group buying format. In the group buying social commerce, consumers gather together to purchase a product with a cheaper price. Placing a large order facilitates price promotion, (Yuan, & Lin, 2004) and buyers benefit from the cheaper price through the group buying (Zeng, Huang, & Dou, 2009). Group buying websites provides consumers with two types of information: time left for the promotion (time pressure) and the number of product sold (product popularity), and the overall purpose of this study is to examine the effects of time pressure, product popularity and website reputation on purchase intention. Hypotheses Development: Consumers make a purchase on social commerce websites because they can get a product with a cheaper price through group buying. Thus, this study is based on the assumption that all products are under price promotion. According to prospect theory, consumers are more likely to be sensitive to losses than gains. Consumers initially perceive a price promotion as a potential gain, but as the expiration approaches, they are more likely to perceive the promotion as a potential loss, which consequently increase purchase intention (Inman & McAlister, 1994). Also, a statement indicating product popularity, such as ‘the best-selling item’ increases purchase intention (Jeong & Kwon, 2012). Signaling theory provides a useful insight into understanding the effects of website reputation. Since consumers use a website reputation as an indicator of quality (Kirmani & Rao, 2000), they generally respond more positively to well-known websites than unknown websites (Shamdasani, Stanaland, & Tan, 2001). Therefore, based on the literature review, the following hypotheses are developed.H1: High time pressure has a greater impact on purchase intention than low time pressure. H2: High product popularity has a greater impact on purchase intention than low product popularity. H3: Well-known website has a greater impact on purchase intention than unknown website. H4: The effect of time pressure on purchase intention differs as a function of product popularity. H5: The effect of time pressure on purchase intention differs as a function of website reputation. H6: The effect of product popularity on purchase intention differs as a function of website reputation. Method: This study’s design is a 2 (time pressure: high vs. low) x 2 (popularity: high vs. low) x 2 (website reputation: well-known vs. unknown) between-subjects factorial design. This study includes three pretests: (1) to select high versus low time pressure, (2) to select the number of product purchased (product popularity), and (3) to select well-known and unknown social commerce websites. Based on the results of the pretests, eight mock websites simulating social commerce websites were developed for the main experiment. The data were collected via a research company. Invitation emails with a URL were sent to potential participants, and they were guided to shop the website and answer the questionnaire. The measure of purchase intention was adopted from the existing literature with adequate reliabilities (Cronbach’s alpha >.70), and the scale items used a 7-point scale. Manipulation checks showed that manipulations of time pressure, product popularity, and website reputation were successful. Results: A total of 453 female online shoppers participated in the online experiment. An exploratory factor analysis revealed one factor of purchase intention, and the reliability.93, indicating adequate internal consistency of the scale. Hypotheses were tested using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed main effects for product popularity [F (1, 445) = 10.34, p < .05] and website reputation [F (1, 445) = 72.03, p < .05] on purchase intention, supporting H2 and H3. With regard to H4 to H6 predicting interaction effects, ANOVAs showed significant interaction effects of time pressure by product popularity [F (1, 445) = 5.53, p < .05], time pressure and website reputation [F (1, 445) = 4.59, p < .05], and product popularity and website reputation [F (1, 445) = 9.15, p < .05] on purchase intention. Thus, H4 to H6 were supported. Conclusions and Discussion: The study offers academic and managerial implications. The findings of the study provide empirical support for the signaling theory and prospect theory. The results suggest that high popularity and high reputation are significant factors influencing purchase intention. When consumers perceive a product as being popular on a social commerce website, they have greater purchase intention than when they do not perceive the product popularity. Also, when consumers shop on a well-known social commerce website, they have greater purchase intention than when they shop on an unknown website. When the product popularity is high, high time pressure is an important factor enhancing purchase intention. When a website is well-known, high time pressure increased purchase intention. However, when a website is unknown, high product popularity increased purchase intention. These findings of the study contribute to the literature in social commerce. Based on the website reputation, social commerce websites need to incorporate appropriate marketing tactics, such as time pressure and product popularity to increase consumers’ purchase intention.

법륜의 <즉문즉설>은 어디든 직접 찾아가 즉설을 펼치는 법륜의 구도적 행 보가 대중성의 기반을 형성하고 있다. 묻고 대답하는 강연 방식이 대중의 적극 적인 참여를 유도함으로써 힐링의 효과를 주고, 다매체의 적극적 활용은 대중성 을 확산시키는 결정적 역할을 한다. ‘정토회’의 조직적이고 체계적인 지원은 <즉문즉설>의 대중성을 현실 가능한 것으로 만드는 외적 요인이다. <즉문즉설> 이 대중에게 흡입되는 내적 요인은 법륜이 구사하는 언어의 수사적 설득력이 크게 작용한다. 법륜이 제시하는 유머나 스토리텔링, 그리고 비유의 아포리즘이 종교적 담론이 대중과의 소통을 유연하게 만든다. 또한 <즉문즉설>의 궁극적 메시지 코드가 탈종교적 보편 진리인 ‘행복’이라는 점이 대중의 인기를 얻는 중 요한 요인이다. 법륜의 즉설은 ‘지금 여기’에서 대중이 행복한 삶의 주체가 되 는 방법을 구체적으로 제시하고 있다. 그것은 삶에 내재한 고통의 원인이 욕망 과 집착에서 비롯됨을 깨닫고 주인된 삶을 내 안에서 찾아야 한다는 것으로 요 약된다. <즉문즉설>의 대중성은 오랜 시간에 걸쳐 탄력적으로 변화해 온 결과 여서 매우 견고해 보인다. 이제 <즉문즉설>의 과제는 대중성의 방향이 사회의 변화를 이끄는 힘으로 작동할 수 있는가이다.

Peer pressure and popularity have always been important issues for teenagers, potentially impacting on teenagers’ attitudes towards luxury, social consumption motivation and their self-concept clarity (how clearly teens view themselves). We empirically investigate these relationships using data from a sample of Brazilian teens and find that self-concept clarity has a significant effect on peer pressure, popularity and social consumption motivation, which itself directly impacts attitudes towards luxury items. The total sample consisted of 558 teenagers between the ages of 12 and 19 (grades 7 through 12). Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling.

In this paper, we explore the popularity of contents at social curation sites. More specifically, we evaluate an article’s popularity at a given point in time and enduring popularity. The results of analyses demonstrate that the amount of content in an article and the initial page views positively affect the page’s popularity. However, an excess amount of content has a negative effect on outbound traffic. Finally, we find that a within-site bookmark prolongs the life of an article.

The world has changed dramatically, and the concern with regard to environmental and social impacts of economic activity have become hot issues that have been extensively discussed. Many marketers are applying sustainability as the part of their CSR and consumers are becoming more involved in ethical value of sustainable issues. However, yet, most people still perceive sustainable products as “alternatives” due to various reasons like price, design or simply unfamiliarity with the brand (Niinimaki, 2010). In a current situation where more and more brands are coming to the market offering the variety of choice of sustainable product, brand popularity can be a signal, or cue that help consumers to decide those of unfamiliar sustainable brand because brand popularity can influence the evaluation and decision in the sense that consumers perceive popular brand not only as trustworthy, but also superior to others (Dean, 1999).In terms of brand popularity, “popular” brands tend to acquire more favorable evaluations and larger user shares with, rather than without the popularity component. However, with such characteristics, brand popularity concept can be used within a cue utilization theory, which suggests that products consist of an array of cues (extrinsic and intrinsic) that serves as indicators of quality for consumers when they make decisions related to the product (Olsen, 1972), delivering brand popularity by extrinsic cue through advertising. In addition, the signaling theory suggests that when brand is ranked as popular, consumers assume there are trust and confidence behind the brand, which reduce their level of uncertainty (Dean, 1999). As such, while it has been argued that this cue could be useful as it provides a certain value to consumers and influence their opinion about the brand and, consequently, purchase decision, up to now, there are little studies that use the brand popularity concept as extrinsic cue.Along with the issue of brand popularity, although different consumers around the world make their decisions based on their own mental or physiological orientation, and the difference among consumer behavior has been widely studied and reported, yet, most of sustainable marketing campaigns are made in the similar fashion, without adapting them to specific traits of consumers in different countries. However, in order for sustainable The world has changed dramatically, and the concern with regard to environmental and social impacts of economic activity have become hot issues that have been extensively discussed. Many marketers are applying sustainability as the part of their CSR and consumers are becoming more involved in ethical value of sustainable issues. However, yet, most people still perceive sustainable products as “alternatives” due to various reasons like price, design or simply unfamiliarity with the brand (Niinimaki, 2010). In a current situation where more and more brands are coming to the market offering the variety of choice of sustainable product, brand popularity can be a signal, or cue that help consumers to decide those of unfamiliar sustainable brand because brand popularity can influence the evaluation and decision in the sense that consumers perceive popular brand not only as trustworthy, but also superior to others (Dean, 1999). In terms of brand popularity, “popular” brands tend to acquire more favorable evaluations and larger user shares with, rather than without the popularity component. However, with such characteristics, brand popularity concept can be used within a cue utilization theory, which suggests that products consist of an array of cues (extrinsic and intrinsic) that serves as indicators of quality for consumers when they make decisions related to the product (Olsen, 1972), delivering brand popularity by extrinsic cue through advertising. In addition, the signaling theory suggests that when brand is ranked as popular, consumers assume there are trust and confidence behind the brand, which reduce their level of uncertainty (Dean, 1999). As such, while it has been argued that this cue could be useful as it provides a certain value to consumers and influence their opinion about the brand and, consequently, purchase decision, up to now, there are little studies that use the brand popularity concept as extrinsic cue. Along with the issue of brand popularity, although different consumers around the world make their decisions based on their own mental or physiological orientation, and the difference among consumer behavior has been widely studied and reported, yet, most of sustainable marketing campaigns are made in the similar fashion, without adapting them to specific traits of consumers in different countries. However, in order for sustainable brand to become main stream it is important to understand how the traits of consumers from other countries differ. Thus, it is important to understand the cultural difference in terms of marketing.Therefore, this study adapts brand popularity concept as an extrinsic cue that serves as a certain indicator for consumers (Dean, 1999) and consumer decision making styles as mental characteristics for shopping orientation (Sproles & Kendall, 1986) in order to see cross-cultural difference in consumers’ perception of sustainability brand among 3 countries: Korea, China and Russia. Choice of countries is not only resulting from the difference in behavior and attitudes towards sustainable consumption of Greendex (National Geographic & Globescan, 2013), but also, the difference among countries even when belonging as a part of Asia. Thus this study investigates overall consumers’ decision making style among three countries of South Korea, China, and Russia to find the effect of brand popularity on brand evaluation. Additionally, the moderating effect of fashion leadership and sustainability involvement was preceded. From this, it aims to provide implication for positioning and marketing sustainable brand in accordance to the difference consumer segmentation. A study was designed to determine which dimensions of consumer style inventory of country are most frequently associated in accordance to countries and whether brand popularity had affect on purchase intention of sustainable brand. The hypotheses were tested with a data set developed form field survey. The study was conducted cross-nationally in Korea, China, and Russia using online and offline survey. The survey questionnaire reflected a quasi-experimental design. The between-subjects design employed consisted of two between-subject factors of brand popularity and consumer decision-making style. The factor brand popularity had two levels: one provided with a brand popularity ranking as an extrinsic cue and one without. The resultant questionnaire was pretest by natives before distributing. No discrepancies among the surveys were reported. The consumer decision making style had three levels of Korea, China, and Russia. The questionnaire was pretest by 30 fashion marketing researchers before distributing. Of the 376 samples collected, 6 were returned incomplete. An additional 18 samples were deleted for further analysis as the answers were unusable. In total 352 samples – 113, 121 and 118 samples from Korea, China and Russia respectively – were subjected for final analysis.A one-way MANOVA revealed a significant multivariate main effect for consumer decision making style of the nation (Pillai’s trace = .23, F (10, 676) = 9, p <. 000). Given the significance of the overall test, the univariate main effects were examined. Significant univariate main effects for consumer decision making style of nation were obtained for quality (F = 6.95, p <.01), for uniqueness (F =7.54 , p <.01), for favorability (F =6.94 , p <.01), and for purchase intension (F =4.33 , p <.05). Significant nation pairwise differences were obtained in popularity among Korea, China, and Russia. In case of Korea, the effect of brand popularity yielded significantly higher mean score when it was presented. However, for China, the effect of brand popularity was significant as well (Pillai’s trace = .10, F (5, 114) = 2.45, p <. 05). Meanwhile, the outcome of Russia had different aspect to the prior two countries with no significant difference at all. The t-test provides evidence to support the claim that the effect of brand popularity differs according to the consumer decision making style of nations. Participants were placed into "high" or "low" fashion leader groups on the basis of previously obtained attitude. The group was divided according to the mean value (X = 2.98). Significant nation pairwise differences were obtained in fashion leadership among Korea, China, and Russia. In case of Korea, the effect of fashion leadership was not shown significant. However for China, the effect of fashion leadership was significant (Pillai’s trace = .31, F (5, 114) = 10.27, p <. 001). Russia also had dramatic effect of fashion leadership (Pillai’s trace = .12, F (5, 110) = 3.03). Significant nation pairwise differences were obtained in sustainability involvement among Korea, China, and Russia. The significant dependent variables appear differed by nations. In case of Korea, the effect of sustainability involvement was significant (Pillai’s trace = .17, F (5, 105) = 4.33, p <. 01). Similarly, the effect of sustainability involvement in China was significant (Pillai’s trace = .20, F (5, 114) = 5.82, p <. 001). The result of Russian was not significant. This study examines the overall effect of brand popularity and consumer decision making styles among three countries: South Korea, China, and Russia on customer evaluation of sustainable brand with the moderate role of fashion leadership and sustainability involvement. This study found that the effect of brand popularity differs according to the consumer decision making style of nations, fashion leadership, and sustainability involvement. Thus, consumer culture should be considered when applying such communication strategy. The result revealed that first hypothesis that brand popularity will affect consumer evaluation on the sustainable brand was denied. This can be explained due to the experimental condition of this study where it applied a virtual brand and the virtual institutions for evaluation. However, in more specific, this can be described as due to the cross national method of this study. The previous studies only focus on proceeding study in one country (Kim & Chung,1997; Rao & Monroe, 1988). It was found that Koreans tend to be more recreational, impulsive, confused by overchoice, brand conscious, and habitual whereas China brand conscious, impulsive, and less confused by overchoice. Russia was scored significantly low on all above mentioned criteria. The moderating effect of consumer decision making style of nation was investigated. The result indicated significant difference of consumer decision making style of nation. Whereas Korean had positive effect of brand popularity on brand evaluation when presented, China showed negative influence, and Russia had no significant impact. This can be due to the Korean consumers’ tendency to value trust and reputation. Individual Korean consumers tend to buy products of large we The third hypothesis of fashion leadership negatively affecting the effect of brand popularity was also partially supported. The significant dependent variables appear differed by nations. In case of Korea, the effect of fashion leadership did not shown significant, yet China and Russia did. However, while China had positive effect of brand popularity, especially to those with high fashion leadership, Russia had negative effect of brand popularity. The difference on consumer decision making style in between high and low fashion leadership groups was investigated. For Korea, involved subjects were significantly more novelty conscious, hedonic shopper, habitual. In case of China, involved subjects were significantly more perfectionism, brand conscious, novelty conscious, impulsive, confused by overchoice, and habitual Lastly, for Russia, involved subjects were significantly less brand conscious novelty conscious, hedonic, impulsive, and habitual. The result of Korea can be inferred as the high trend sensitivity of Koreans. With less difference in consumer decision making style in between high fashion leaders and low fashion leaders, compared to the other two countries, the effect may have not been clearly shown. The result of China and Russia can be interpreted as that the Chinese fashion leaders being more brand conscious caused higher result when the brand popularity was provided. Yet, in Russian fashion leaders who are less brand conscious and less impulsive may have affected the rigid attitude towards the well-known sustainable brand. Lastly, the effect of sustainability involvement was examined. In case of Korea, the effect of sustainability involvement was significant. Similarly, the effect of sustainability involvement in China was significant. The result of Russian was not significant. "high" and "low" fashion leadership groups differed in their decision making style by nation. For Korea, involved subjects were significantly more novelty conscious, hedonic shopper, and more habitual. In case of China, involved subjects were significantly more perfectionist, brand conscious, novelty conscious, hedonic, impulsive, confused by overchoice, and habitual. Lastly, for Russia, involved subjects were significantly more perfectionist. The difference of the result can be explained through the distinctive culture of each country along with the result of the consumer decision making style of the highly involved groups from each country. Koreans, as mentioned above, the effect popularity cue works stronger than other countries. The tendency of preferring products with powerful brand name would have affected the result as expected. However in case of China, along with that Chinese having suspicious perception on institutional documents, significantly being brand apathy may also explain the result. In addition, Russia overall had a high score of sustainability, which can relate to the fact that although slight decrease in its Greendex recently, it has been ranked for several years now, the sustainability value itself may have worked as a intrinsic value of the brand rather than brand popularity cue.ll-known companies rather than small and unfamiliar ones (Kim & Zhang, 2009). The result of China can be explained with Chinese consumers’ characteristics of having suspicious perception on transparency of the enterprise information (Brandvista, 2013). Especially distrust on official data or the governmental exists. With Russians result, this finding are supported by several previous research that suggests that new brands coming to Russian market at the very high speed and disappears quickly due to complexity of the market, thus consumers don’t have time to strongly attach to one brand (Peskova, 2007).

This study develops a model of the market life cycle of package tours, explaining that such tours inherently have low tourist satisfaction which results in a decrease in market share. The model is based on the proposition that tourist satisfaction depends on the extent to which their preferences are fulfilled at the destination, which in turn is determined by their knowledge of its attributes. An analysis of data on China’s outbound tourism market from 1993 to 2010 shows that as tourist satisfaction at the destination increases, the market share of inclusive package tours declines. This suggests that tourist satisfaction can predict tourists’ subsequent choice of a package tour. As tourist satisfaction increases due to the improved information in the market, such package tours will be gradually substituted for independent travel or entirely new packages, or replaced by travel to a new destination.

본 연구는 한국 무용작품의 대중성 증진을 위한 발전 방향을 안무자의 관점에서 제시하고자 하였다. 활발히 활동하고 있는 안무자들의 무용공연의 대중성과 대중성 증진에 관한 인식 및 견 해를 심층면담을 통해 심도 있게 알아봄으로서, 안무가들에게 현장에서 적용시킬 수 있는 실질 적인 발전 방향을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구의 III장에서는 안무가들의 대중성, 관객과 안무가, 대중성과 예술성, 대중성 증진에 관한 인식과 견해를 알아보았으며, 안무가의 경험과 현 실 측면에서의 대중성을 적용 시킨 안무의 반응과 결과, 그리고 안무가들의 성향과 대중성 증진 의 필요성에 대해 알아보았다. 또한 안무가들이 제시하는 발전 방향에 관하여 알아보았다. 이러 한 결과로써 IV장에서 무용작품의 대중성 증진을 위한 발전 방향을 제시하였다. 현 시대의 예술 은 대중과 함께여야 존재 의미를 가진다. 이러한 시대의 흐름을 인식하고 보수주의적인 예술가 적 자기주장에서 벗어나‘폭넓은 시각과 열린 사고’,‘철저한 프로의식’으로 인식을 변화 시켜 야 하며, 안무를 함에 있어서 진정성을 가지고, 관객과 함께하는 것을 무대 위에 적용시키려는 고민과 노력을 실천해 나아가야 할 것이다. 또한 무대 위에 한계를 두지 말고 사회로 나아가 대 중들과 함께 할 수 있는 교육, 참여형 프로그램들을 전문적이며 적극적으로 주도해야 할 것이 며, 포괄적인 문화예술 분야와의 교류로 현시대의 흐름과 필요성을 인식하여 사회의 주도자적 역 할을 하여야 할 것이다.

기존의 연구에서 많이 논의되고 있는 게임 인터페이스의 일반적 정량화 방안으로는 키 입력수준의 GOMS, 인터페이스 효율성 측정, Fitts' Law, Hick's Law가 있다. 그러나 이러한 이론을 주류가 되고 있는 모바일게임에 바로 대입하는 것은 여러 가지 문제점이 있다. 때문에 본 연구에서는 이들의 개념을 분석하여 문제점을 지적하고, 몇 가지 대안을 제시 하였다. 정량화가 속성 정의에서 여러 논의가 발생할 수 있지만 인터페이스를 개선시키고, 게임성을 증가하여 모바일게임의 인기를 높일 것이다. 향후 플레이어가 가지게 되는 어려움의 요소 중 게임의 영역과 인터페이스의 영역을 구분하여 테스트 할 수 있는 방법을 고려한 실증적 평가 기법에 대한 연구가 필요할 것이다.

The purpose of this study was to assess the consumption patterns of Makoli and to provide age-specific suggestions to increase the popularity of newly developed products. The subjects of the study were 373 men and 329 women, and information was obtained by self-administered questionnaire in December of 2010. One major finding of the study was that regardless of gender, consumption of Makoli was correlated to age: older respondents drank more Makoli. Those in their thirties and older, especially women, drank Makoli at home with family. The reasons given for liking or disliking Makoli differed among age groups, but were the same between genders. More subjects in their twenties liked Makoli because of its distinctive taste, while more in their forties liked it for its cultural value. Subjects in their thirties disliked it because it caused headaches, while more in their forties complained of burping. Both genders in their twenties suggested that TV and internet advertisements may be the best strategy to increase the popularity of newly developed Makoli products, and women in their forties suggested promoting Makoli’s health benefits. The low calorie content of new Makoli products appealed to women of all age groups and men in their twenties and thirties. Women in their forties were also attracted by Makoli’s possible effect to alleviate constipation.

초대교회 시대부터 현재에 이르기까지 예배에 있어서 시편은 계속적으로 중요한 위치를 차지해 왔다. 시대에 따라 연주법과 작곡법이 다르고, 노래하는 사람이 성가대이거나 독창자, 혹 회중 등으로 다를 수는 있지만 예배를 위하여 시편이 필요없다고 여겨진 세대는 분명히 없었다. 수세기 동안 로마 카톨릭 교회에서는 예배의 모든 순서를 그레고리오 성가에 따라 노래하였으나, 약 10세기부터 지극히 단순한 다성음악이 생겼으며 13세기부터는 3성부나 4성부로 된 모테트 형식이 발전되었다. 그리고 15세기말쯤이 되어서야 시편의 말씀을 가지고 다성 음악으로 작곡한 작품들이 보이게 되었다. 카톨릭 교회의 리터지 에서는 예배시간마다 시편 5곡을 이용하였고 루터교, 성공회, 개혁교회 및 다른 신 교회에서도 17세기쯤부터 역시 많은 곡을 필요로 했다. 시편을 사용한 이러한 긴 역사 속에서 음악작곡법이 수없이 변형되었고 이것은 많은 작곡가들에게 언제나 새로운 자극이 되었다. 무반주 성악 폴리포니 양식에서 반주부가 달린 독창과 합창을 위한 풍부한 형식까지 매우 많은 양의 교회음악 문헌이 되었다. 본 논문은, 시편송 장르에 매우 많은 양의 작품이 있는 것 같다고 생각하여 이에 대해 확실히 알기 위해 구체적인 연구를 시작하게 되었다. 일년이 넘는 기간 동안 연구한 결과, 방대한 수의 작품이 작곡되었다는 것은 알게 되었지만 확실한 곡 숫자를 알아보는 것은 매우 힘들었다. 가장 큰 이유는 대부분의 참고문헌에서 많은 작곡가의 곡 목록이 나오고 그 중 중요하게 여겨지는 곡들을 일일이 언급한 다음 “그 외에도 모테트 100여곡, 시편송 55곡, 다른 교회용 음악도 작곡하였다”는 식으로 소개가 되어 있으므로 무슨 시편송에 의한 곡인지 전혀 알 길이 없었기 때문이다. 따라서 이런 내용들을 이 논문에도 기입할 수 없었던 것은 유감스러운 사실이다. 확실히 알 수 있는 시편송의 곡 숫자는 4480곡이다. 제일 인기 있는 시편은 51편(677곡), 110편(404곡), 113편(251곡), 117편(207곡), 112편(189곡), 111편(168곡), 100편(159곡), 130편(148곡)이다. 하지만 이렇게 많이 작곡하게 된 곡들 중에서도 각 세기마다 똑같은 반응이 나타나지는 않는다. 그것은 분명히 역사의 흐름에 따라 각 시대가 시편의 내용을 다른 눈으로 보았던 것과, 개인과 기독교 공동체의 신앙변화와 뚜렷한 관계가 있는 것으로 보인다.

초등학교 1학년은 전이의 시기로서, 또래와 교사는 아동들의 사회적 관계형성에 주요한 영향을 미친다. 본 연구는 지각된 인기에 미치는 또래와 교사의 영향을 살펴보기 위해 초등학교 1학년 아동 154명을 대상으로 사회적 행동과 지각된 인기의 관계에서 사회적 선호와 교사 선호의 매개효과를 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 또래 지명법을 사용하여 공격성, 사회적 선호, 지각된 인기, 교사 선호를 측정한 후, Mplus 7.0을 사용하여 변인간의 관계를 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 공격성과 친사회성 모두 지각된 인기에 정적인 영향을 주었다. 둘째, 사회적 선호와 교사 선호는 지각된 인기에 정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 친사회성과 지각된 인기의 관계에서 교사 선호의 매개효과가 나타난 반면 공격성과 지각된 인기의 관계에서는 교사 선호의 매개효과가 나타나지 않았다. 넷째, 사회적 선호는 공격성과 친사회성이 지각된 인기와 가지는 관계를 모두 매개하였다. 본 연구결과는 전이시기인 초등학교 1학년 아동의 지각된 인기에 미치는 영향에 대해 사회적 참조자로서 또래와 교사의 역할을 심도 있게 논의하였다는데 그 의의가 있다.

본 연구는 유아의 인기도에 따른 또래관계를 질적으로 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구의 참여자는 Y유치원의 만 5세 Y반 유아들 중 4명이다. 연구자는 2017년 8월 30일부터 2017년 11월 30일까지 주 5회 이루어졌으며, 유아들의 놀이 속 상호작용을 비참여 관찰하였다. 자료 수집 방법은 녹음, 연구자 저널 작성, 면담 등이다. 연구자는 자유선택시간을 이용하여 유아와 또래 간 놀이 속 상호작용을 관찰한 다음 연구자 저널을 작성하고 연구 참여자, 담임교사 및 지도교수와 면담을 실시하였다. 수집한 자료의 분석은 연구기간 동안 계속해서 진행되었다. 전사하고, 확인하고 분석한 결과를 재해석하는 과정을 거쳤다. 전체 연구가 끝난 후에는 수집한 모든 자료를 통합하여 최종 분석하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, ‘교사의 신뢰를 받고 있지만 인기아로 선정되지 못한 아이’는 ‘교사처럼 행동하는 아이’, ‘또래들이 인기아라고 선정하지 않는 아이’로 나타났다. 둘째, ‘존재감 없는 아이’는 ‘감정표현에 서툰 아이’, ‘혼자 노는 아이’, ‘다른 모습을 보이는 아이’로 나타났다. 셋째, ‘계산적인 아이’는 ‘정답을 정하는 아이’, ‘하나 주고 하나 받는 아이’, ‘규칙을 이용하는 아이’, ‘거부를 표현하는 아이’로 나타났다. 넷째, ‘또래에게 다가가기 위해 노력하는 아이’는 ‘시행착오를 두려워하지 않는 아이’, ‘성공과 실패를 반복적으로 경험하는 아이’로 나타났다. 이를 근거로 결론을 내리면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 또래관계에서 나타난 인기아와 비인기아의 행동특성은 개개인마다 다르게 나타나며 다양하다는 것을 알 수 있다. 둘째, 인기아는 인기아 다운, 비인기아는 비인기다운이라는 모습을 규명하는 것은 인기아와 비인기아의 또래관계를 예측하고 가늠할 수 있도록 도와주지만 신중하게 고려해야 한다. 셋째, 인기아와 비인기아의 개인적 특성과 상황적 맥락을 고려하여 유아의 또래관계를 알아볼 때에는 사회성 측정 결과와 교사의 평가의 결과를 그대로 받아들일 것이 아니라, 유아의 사회적, 종교적 배경, 문화 등을 숙고해야 한다.

<포켓몬GO>는 나이언틱랩스와 닌텐도가 협력하여 만든 증강현실게임이다. 이 게임은 위치 정보, 스마트폰의 영상인식 기술, GPS의 위치 추적 기술 등이 응용되는 증강현실기술과 <포켓 몬스터>라는 걸출한 IP가 융합되어 만들어진 새로운 형태의 AR형 RPG다. <포켓몬GO>가 세 계적으로 주목 받고 있는 성공요인은 AR기술과의 융합에 있지만, 그보다 더 중요한 것은 20년 동안 스토리를 성장시켜 온 <포켓몬스터>의 활용에 있다는 사실을 확인하였다. 따라서 <포켓 몬GO>의 인기요인은 전통문화원형을 활용한 인문학적 상상력과 AR게임기술의 공학적 상상력 이 어우러지는 융합콘텐츠의 성공적인 스토리텔링의 결과라는 사실을 인식할 수 있었다.

대부분의 웹 캐시는 도큐먼트를 기반으로 하여 캐시 내에 임시적으로 도큐먼트를 저장하고 사용자의 요청이 있을 때 그에 해당된 도큐먼트가 캐시 내에 존재하면 그 도큐먼트를 사용자에게 전송해 주고, 캐시 내에 존재하지 않을 때에는 새로운 도큐먼트를 서버에게 요청하여 캐시 내에 복사를 하고 사용자에게 되돌려 준다. 이때 캐시의 용량 초과로 인해 새로운 도큐먼트를 기존의 도큐먼트와 교체하기 위해 도큐먼트 교체정책(replacement policy)을 사용한다. 일반적인 교체정책에는 도큐먼트를 기반으로 한 LRU기법이나 UFU기법 등이 있고, 그 밖의 여러 가지 교체정책을 사용하여 캐시내의 도큐먼트를 효과적으로 교체한다. 하지만, 위의 교체정책은 사이트의 인기도를 고려하지 않고 도큐먼트 요청 시간과 빈도수 만을 고려하여 교체정책을 수행한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 요청이 빈번한 도큐먼트와 사이트의 인기도를 고려한 교체정책을 사용하여 요청이 빈번하지 않은 도큐먼트를 효과적으로 교체함으로써 캐시의 적중률(hit-ratio)을 높이고, 캐시의 내용을 효과적으로 관리할 수 있는 현대적인 네트워크 환경에 적합한 도큐먼트 교체정책인 사이트의 인기도를 고려한 도큐먼트 교체 정책을 제시한다.