해양폐기물 중 하나인 패각의 발생량은 매년 증가하고 있으나, 대부분이 해안 근처에 야적되거나 방치되어 환경적·사회적으로 문 제가 되고 있다. 천연 골재 부존량 감소에 따른 골재 대체재로서 패각이 사용된다면 재료 수송에 따른 물류비용을 효과적으로 감축시 킬 수 있어 자원 재활용을 활성화할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 3D 콘크리트 프린팅 기술을 활용한 해양 구조물의 건설 재료로서 패각 잔 골재의 사용 가능성을 분석하였다. 패각을 활용한 3D 프린팅 콘크리트는 패각 잔골재와 시멘트 풀 계면 등의 공극 요인으로 일반 콘 크리트 대비 낮은 강도를 가지기 때문에 역학적 성능 평가를 위한 미세구조 특성 분석이 요구된다. 유동성, 출력성 및 적층성을 고려하 여 3D 프린팅 콘크리트의 배합을 선정하였으며, 패각 잔골재를 활용한 3D 프린팅 콘크리트 시편의 물성과 미세구조를 분석하였다. 시편의 물성을 평가하기 위해 3D 프린터로 압축강도와 부착강도 시편을 제작하였고 강도 시험을 진행하였다. 미세구조를 분석하기 위해 고해상도 이미지를 얻을 수 있는 SEM 촬영을 수행하였으며, 히스토그램 기반 상 분리 방법을 적용하여 공극을 분리하였다. 패각 잔골재 종류에 따른 공극률을 확인하고 확률함수를 활용하여 공극 분포 특성을 정량화하였으며, 패각 잔골재의 종류에 따른 시편의 역학적 물성과 미세구조 특성 간의 상관관계를 확인하였다.

The asphalt concrete industry, accounting for >90% of road pavement, is a crucial contributor to construction waste. This study focuses on the recycling of asphalt concrete recycled aggregates, which currently exhibits a low rate. We investigated the application of these aggregates, combined with hardener and mixing water, in the development of ecofriendly road base materials using circular aggregates. Results revealed that the 13-mm asphalt concrete recycled aggregates met all quality standards. However, the 25-mm aggregates did not conform to the reclaimed asphalt content standard; however, they met other quality standards. Moreover, the experimental results for the hardener and mixing water indicated compliance with all quality standards.

The structural stability of the recycled concrete disposal container was evaluated and compared the applicability of the current design standards for recycled concrete of nuclear power plant. The structural stability requirement for concrete disposal containers is 37.7 MPa or more. As a result of the compressive strength test on recycled concrete, 50% of coarse aggregates of recycled concrete was 42.1 MPa. In addition, it was found that the bending strength and shear strength of recycled reinforced concrete beam exceeded the current design standard. Therefore, it is judged that recycled concrete containing coarse aggregates can be sufficiently utilized. It was possible to ensure the structural stability of the concrete container without changing the design specifications and reinforcing bars when recycled concrete is applied.

천연골재의 부족으로 골재 수급이 날이 갈수록 심각해지면서 재활용 가능한 재료에 대한 사회적 관심이 높아지고 있다. 하지만 국내에서는 선진외국에 비해 순환골재에 대한 연구데이터와 그를 사용한 현장 적용실정이 매우 부족한 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 현장에서 사용하는 레미콘 사의 가이드 배합에 순환골재를 전량 치환하는 배합비를 추출하여 압축강도를 평가하였 고 추출된 배합비의 순환골재 콘크리트를 원형강관 내부에 충전하여 순환골재콘크리트충전 합성기둥이 국내ㆍ국외 설계식을 반 영한 내력과 비교하여 구조부재로써 사용이 적합하다고 사료되는 결과를 얻었다. 또한, 강관의 콘크리트 구속효과로 인해 강관 내부의 콘크리트 강도가 미세하게 증가함을 확인하였다.

Recycled aggregate is a solution to reduce construction waste and to be environmentally friendly, but concrete using it has various disadvantages in terms of structure. Therefore, the interaction effect of the two materials can be expected by filling the cyclic aggregate concrete in the CFT column. Eighteen specimens were constructed to confirm the compressive behavior of RCFT (Recylced Concrete Filled Tube) columns, which can be applied to real buildings by making high strength concrete with recycled aggregate. Variable is the shape and thickness of steel pipe, concrete strength and mixing ratio, and coarse aggregate and fine aggregate are all used as recycled aggregate. A total of three recycled aggregate concrete preformulations were used to find the optimal mixing ratio and the compressive behavior was analyzed through the load - displacement curves of RCFT columns.

Concrete using recycled aggregate instead of natural aggregate reduces environmental waste and is a future oriented material. However, use of the structure is limited to negative recognition of recycled aggregate quality. In this study, 50 MPa concrete was developed using recycled aggregate. In order to verify the possibility of using as a column member, we aimed to confirm the compressive behavior of RCFT (Recycled Concrete Filled Tube) columns filled with concrete using recycled aggregate. Circular type steel pipe was used, and concrete strength (30, 40, 50MPa) and mixing ratio were the experimental parameters. Through 72 specimen compression tests, 50MPa strength of recycled aggregate concrete was confirmed and stable behavior of 9 RCFT columns was confirmed.

Recently, redevelopment and reconstruction projects have caused problems such as depletion of natural aggregates, and the use of recycled aggregate is being reevaluated as an optimal alternative. Therefore, in this study, the mechanical and deformation characteristics of Environment-Friendly Recycled Coarse Aggregate (here after, EFRCA) concrete reinforced with para-aramid fiber with high strength and high elasticity are examined. The experimental main parameters were EFRCA replacement ratio (0, 30 and 50%) and para-aramid fiber volume fraction (0, 0.75 and 1.0%). Experimental results show that the EFRCA concrete has lower compressive strength than plain concrete. However, compared with the natural aggregate, the EFRCA concrete, which exhibited low material properties, showed almost the same performance as plain concrete, such as increased flexural strength and improved ductility by incorporating para-aramid fibers. Through the experiment, it is considered that the most suitable para-aramid volume fraction is 0.75%. Based on these results, the experimental results related to the performance degradation of EFRCA concrete containing para-aramid fibers are secured and basic data for determining the reuse possibility and reinforcement method of structures are presented.

OBJECTIVES: This study is to develop the optimum mixing proportions for cement concrete pavement with using recycled aggregates. METHODS: The mixture varied recycled coarse aggregates content from 50 % to 100 % to replace the natural coarse aggregates by weight. Tests for fundamental properties as a cement concrete pavement were conducted before and after hardening of the concrete. RESULTS: It was found that the variation in the amount of the recycled aggregate affected the compressive and flexural strength development, as well as the chloride ion penetration resistance. As the amount of the recycled aggregate content increased the compressive and flexural strength and the resistance to chloride ion penetration decreased. However, the resistance to freeze-thaw reaction was affected significantly. In addition, the gradation of the aggregate became worse and hence so did the coarseness factor as the recycled aggregate amount increased. CONCLUSIONS : The fundamental properties of the concrete with recycled aggregate does not seem to be appropriate when the recycled aggregate quality is not guaranteed up to a some level and its replacement ratio is over 50%. The optimized gradation of the aggregates should also be sought when the recycled aggregate is used for the cement concrete pavement materials.

PURPOSES : The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of the residual mortar of recycled concrete aggregate on the expansion behavior during alkali silica reaction (ASR). METHODS: In order to evaluate the net effect of residual mortar on ASR expansion behavior, two aggregate samples with the same original virgin aggregate source but different residual mortar volumes were used. ASTM C1260 test was used to evaluate the ASR expansion behavior of these two aggregates and the original virgin aggregate. RESULTS: The greater the amount of residual mortar in recycled concrete aggregates, the less is the induced ASR expansion. Depending on the amount of residual mortar in recycled concrete aggregate, the ASR expansion of recycled concrete aggregate may be less than half of that of the original virgin aggregate. CONCLUSIONS: The residual mortar of recycled concrete aggregate may lead to the under estimation of the ASR expansion behavior of the original virgin aggregate.

PURPOSES : This study was performed to determine a systematic approach for measuring the coefficient of thermal expansion (COTE) of concrete specimens. This approach includes the initial calibration of measurement equipment. Test variables include coarse aggregate types such as natural aggregate, job-site produced recycled concrete aggregate, and recycled aggregate processed from an intermediate waste treatment company. METHODS: First, two cylindrical SUS-304 specimens with a known COTE value of 17.3×10-6m/m/℃. were used as reference specimens for the calibration of each measurement system. The well-known AASHTO TP-60 COTE apparatus for concrete measurement was utilized in this study. Four different measurement apparatuses were used with each LVDT installed and a calibration value was determined using each measurement apparatus. RESULTS : In the initial experimental stage, calibration values for each measurement apparatus were assumed to be almost identical. However, using the SUS-304 samples as a reference, the calibration values for the four different measurement apparatuses were found to range from 3.49 to 8.86 ×10-6m/m/℃. Using different adjusted values for each measurement apparatuses, COTE values for the three different concrete specimens were obtained. The COTE value of concrete made with natural coarse aggregate was 9.91×10-6m/m/℃, that of job-site produced recycled coarse aggregate was 10.45×10-6m/m/℃, and that of recycled aggregate processed from the intermediate waste treatment company was 10.82×10-6m/m/℃. CONCLUSIONS: We observed that the COTE value of concrete made from recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) was higher than that of concrete made from natural coarse aggregate. This difference is due to the fact that the total volumetric mortar proportion in the RCA mix is higher than that in the concrete mix made with natural coarse aggregate.

PURPOSES : This study was performed to investigate a feasibility of job-site use of recycled concrete aggregate exceeding 3% of absorption rate. Test variables are coarse aggregate types such as natural aggregate, job-site processed recycled aggregate, and recycled aggregate processed from the intermediate waste treatment company. METHODS : First, aggregate properties such as gradation, specific gravity and absorption rate were determined. Next a basic series of mechanical properties of concrete was tested. RESULTS : All strength test results such as compression, flexure and modulus were satisfied for the minimum requirements. Finally up to first 48 elapsed days the shrinkage strains of concretes made from both recycled aggregates (in case of volume-surface ratio of 300) appeared to be greater than 26% of the companion concretes made from natural aggregates. CONCLUSIONS : Drying shrinkage result is ascribed to greater absorption rate and specific gravity of those specimens made from recycled aggregate. This may be reduced with an addition of admixtures.