In the realm of dental prosthesis fabrication, obtaining accurate impressions has historically been a challenging and inefficient process, often hindered by hygiene concerns and patient discomfort. Addressing these limitations, Company D recently introduced a cutting-edge solution by harnessing the potential of intraoral scan images to create 3D dental models. However, the complexity of these scan images, encompassing not only teeth and gums but also the palate, tongue, and other structures, posed a new set of challenges. In response, we propose a sophisticated real-time image segmentation algorithm that selectively extracts pertinent data, specifically focusing on teeth and gums, from oral scan images obtained through Company D's oral scanner for 3D model generation. A key challenge we tackled was the detection of the intricate molar regions, common in dental imaging, which we effectively addressed through intelligent data augmentation for enhanced training. By placing significant emphasis on both accuracy and speed, critical factors for real-time intraoral scanning, our proposed algorithm demonstrated exceptional performance, boasting an impressive accuracy rate of 0.91 and an unrivaled FPS of 92.4. Compared to existing algorithms, our solution exhibited superior outcomes when integrated into Company D's oral scanner. This algorithm is scheduled for deployment and commercialization within Company D's intraoral scanner.

This study was conducted to evaluate Korean rice cultivars to search any suitable varieties for the northern region of the Korean Peninsula (North Korea). A total of 92 rice varieties which included 74 bred cultivars from South Korea, 13 collections from North Korea and five local cultivars from China, were involved in the evaluating trials for their performance. Stability at three sites inthe northeastern areas of China, which are located in the northern border areas of North Korea, for three years from 2017 to 2019. The ecologically well-adapted rice varieties were selected at each trial site during the first year and employed again as the materials for the subsequent yield trials. A total of six varieties with relatively better performing and stability were selected through the subsequent trials at three sites for three years: Unkwang, Daejin and Taebaek at Dandong region; Hanseol and Taebong at Longjin region; Taebong and Namweon at Hunchun region, respectively. Dandong is located in the southeast parts of Liaoning, which has similar climatic characteristics to the west coastalregion of North Korea. Longjin is located in the middle-east parts of Jilin, which has also similar climatic characteristics to the northern inland region of North Korea. Hunchun is located in the northeastern parts of Jilin, which has presumably similar climatic characteristics to the northern part of the eastern coastal region of North Korea. Unkwang is characterized by its early maturity, with the heading at the 2nd of August, and reveals a yield potential of 7.11 T/ha with resistance to the blast (BL) and the bacterial leaf blade (BLB) diseases. It is predicted to be suitable for the northern area of the Suyang mountain region and the central inland region of North Korea. Daejin has asemi-early maturity heading around the 6th of August and yields of 6.06 T/ha with resistance to BL, BLB, and stripe virus (SV) diseases. Daejin will be adaptable to the northern area of Suyang mountain region. Taebaek is medium maturing variety of Indica/Japonica type. It is heading at the 14thof August with good ripening at maturity, and has yield potential of 6.84 T/ha with resistance to BL, BLB and SV diseases. It will be adaptable to the southern area of Suyang mountain region. Hanseol is early maturing, heading on the 3rd of August, and yields 6.44 T/ha with the short stature and cold tolerance (CT). It will be adaptable to the northern inland and mountainous regions of North Korea. Taebong is semi-early maturingwith the heading at the 6th of August and has a yield potential of 6.96 T/ha with cold tolerane and blast resistance. Taebong was also outstanding in theHunchun region, indicating a more or less wide adaptability in cold areas. It is expected to be adaptable to the northern inland region of North Korea as well as the northern part of the eastern coastal region. Namweon is a medium-maturing variety with aheading date of August 10, and a yield potential of 4.76 T/ha with cold tolerance and resistance to rice neck blast disease. It is expected to be adaptable to the northern part of the eastern coastal region.

The purpose of this study is to construct a regional-sector-fishery-offshore and inshore fishery competitiveness index, examine the types and changes of competitiveness, and derive implications by processing data of the Survey on the Current Status of Offshore and Inshore Fishery from 2013 to 2020 for this study. The main results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, considering the competitiveness of offshore and inshore fishery by region and year, Jeonnam, Jeju, and Incheon were relatively competitive. Second, considering the competitiveness of inshore fishery by region and year, we found that Jeonnam, Chungnam, Jeonbuk, and Jeju were relatively competitive. Third, looking at the types of competitiveness based on the competitiveness index in the management sector of offshore and inshore fisheries by region and year, Ulsan, Jeonnam, and Gyeongbuk were relatively competitive between 2014 and 2020. Fourth, Jeonnam and Jeju were relatively competitive between 2014 and 2020 based on the competitiveness index in the fishing sector of offshore and inshore fisheries by region and year. Fifth, we found that Jeonnam, Jeju, and Chungnam were relatively strong in the competitiveness of offshore and inshore fishery, combining the offshore and inshore fishery indexes by region and year. The results of this study have some limitation on outlier treatment, grade assignment, and weight for aggregation, so research considering these needs to be done in the future. In conclusion, the results of this study which were derived objectively and scientifically in the era of the 4th industrial revolution, when evidence-based decision-making was becoming critical, are expected to help the central or local governments determine the priority of support projects or investments.

The Indo-Pacific region’s strategic importance lies in its role in global trade and energy supply. Strengthening multilateral institutions is crucial to maintain a balance of power amid China’s growing assertiveness. Post the change in the US administration and the pandemic’s impact on the world order, restoring multilateralism is emphasized. The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) plays a vital role in this multilateral order for the Indo-Pacific. India’s “Act East Policy” is an essential instrument for pursuing its interests in the region. However, India chose to opt out of RCEP, citing concerns about bias favoring China’s interests. This paper explores India’s significance in the Indo-Pacific and analyzes the implications of its decision on RCEP and the “Act-East Asia Policy.” India’s stance has broader implications for regional economic integration and its ability to balance China’s influence while shaping the Indo-Pacific’s evolving dynamics.

The RCEP is the largest FTA in the world. It was negotiated at a moment in history when criticism concerning globalization, multilateralism, and FTAs as effective tools for growth and well-being abounded. Those concerns have been aggravated by COVID-19 and the war in Ukraine, which affected not only world health but also increased protectionist temptations and disruptions in GVCs. This paper aims to analyze the likely contribution of this mega-deal, its economic and political variables, including the leadership that China will exert, and the objectives pursued during the negotiation. The agreement is contrasted with other major FTA, namely the CPTPP, the FTAAP and the Pacific Alliance, mainly in relation to integration efforts. It is concluded that the RCEP will indeed increase intraregional trade, although its full impact will take years to be felt. To maximize its impact, the RCEP needs to incorporate key current issues and new members to the pact.

This study aimed to provide fundamental data that could guide high school students' night eating behavior by investigating habits of their night eating consumption during COVID-19 pandemic (From 2021/5/13 to 5/20). Association between their eating habits and the Nutrition Quotient for Korean Adolescents (NQ-A) were also explored. This study included a total of 604 students, among whom 441 students were identified as night eating consumers. Among all subjects, 30.5% consumed night eating 3~4 times a week, 27.3% consumed 1-2 times a week, and 27.0% did not consume any night eating at all. The high-night eating group had a higher score of total NQ-A than the non-night eating group for both male (p<0.05) and female (p<0.001) students. This was because male students in the high-night eating group reported significantly higher rates of daily dinner consumption compared to non-night eating group. Furthermore, both male (p<0.05) and female (p<0.001) students showed a significant increase in ‘Moderation’. ‘Diversity’ was also significantly increased in female studies (p<0.05) as subcategories of dietary habits according to night eating frequency. These findings highlight the need for practical research to develop nutritional guidelines for night eating that reflect preferences of students while providing adequate nutritional habits.

산양삼은 산림청 특별관리 임산물로 지정되어 관리되고 있지만 체계적인 연구 나 표준 재배지침이 현장의 재배 현실과는 상이한 부분이 많은 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 평창지역의 산양삼 재배지 환경조건에 따른 진세노사이드 함량이 어 떠한가를 알아보기 위하여 산양삼 시료를 각각 10본씩 채취하여 실험을 통해 확 인하였다. 산양삼 입지환경은 경사, 사면 방향, 해발고, 나무 종류, 흉고 직경과 수 고 등 모두 6가지를 조사하여 국립산림과학원의 분류기준을 참고하여 침엽과 활 엽으로 구분하였다. 산양삼 재배지의 토양산도를 포함한 9가지 토양이화학성 분석 에서는 전체적으로 침엽지역보다 활엽지역에서 높은 함량을 보였다. 통계분석 결 과에서는 A, B, C, 재배지에서 침엽과 활엽지역 간 통계적 유의성이 있는 것으로 나타났으며, D 재배지는 침엽과 활엽지역의 유의차가 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다. 진세노사이드 함유량 분석 결과에서는 Re, Rb1, Rg1의 순서로 높은 함량을 나타 내고 있어서 평창 산양삼의 주성분을 확인할 수 있었다. 연구 결과로 산양삼은 산 삼이 잘 생육할 수 있는 환경과 비슷한 곳을 재배지로 선정하여야 고품질의 제품 을 생산할 수 있다고 예상할 수 있다. 향후 본 연구 결과가 임업인 소득증대에 도 움을 줄 수 있는 자료로도 활용될 수 있기를 기대한다.

한국이 인태전략 발표 이후 이를 효과적으로 추진하기 위해서는 지역 안보 분야에서 한국이 더 많은 부담을 감당하기를 바라는 미국의 기대를 어떻게 관리하는가의 문제가 현안으로 부상할 것이다. 미국은 공식적으 로 동맹을 바탕으로 한반도를 넘어 인태지역 전체에서 자유와 평화, 그 리고 번영을 위해 협력해야 함을 강조해왔다. 더구나 한국도 자신의 인 태전략을 발표하면서 역내에 기여와 역할을 약속했다. 이제 양국의 관심 은 한국의 역내 군사적 관여에 집중될 것이다. 본 연구는 미국이 역내 군사 적 관여를 요청해올 때 한미동맹의 비대칭적 관계 속에서 미국과의 협상 전략을 도출하고자 한다. 양면게임이론을 바탕으로 과거 유사 협상 사례를 분석하여 비 준과 윈셋이 협상 전략에 미치는 함의를 끌어내고자 하였다. 비준(국익 기여와 동맹 분담 관점에서 국내 집단 간 논쟁하면서 여론을 수렴하는)은 상대국과의 협 상에서 전략이 될 수 있다. 윈셋(국내에서 양보하거나 혹은 상대의 양보를 끌어 낼 수 있는)도 전략으로 유용할 것이다.

Numerous studies have attempted to predict the energy output of solar-powered vehicles based on different parameters such as road conditions, driver characteristics, and weather. However, since these studies were conducted on stationary vehicles, they are limited in their accuracy when applied to driving vehicles. This study aimed to improve the accuracy of electric power prediction for a solar-powered bus by applying a technique that improves energy efficiency without affecting driving performance. A comparative analysis of power generation and solar irradiance data was conducted for the bus driven on different roads to forecast its power generation, and a high-accuracy power generation prediction equation was derived. A comparison with actual test results revealed that a power generation forecast accuracy of at least 90% was achieved, validating the equation used for forecasting. With this power generation prediction process, it is possible to forecast the amount of energy generated in advance when a solar bus is operated in a specific area.

본 연구는 2021년 3월 1일부터 2일까지 영동지역에 강설이 발생했던 사례의 종관적, 열역학적, 역학적 특성을 분석한 것이다. 분석에 사용한 자료는 AWS 관측자료, 지상일기도, ERA5 재분석 자료, 레윈존데, 천리안 2A 위성 자 료, WISSDOM 자료 등이다. 사례 기간 영동지역 4개소에서 관측된 적설은 10 cm 이상으로 나타났으며, 북강릉(37.4 cm)에서는 가장 많은 적설을 보였다. 종관 분석결과, 동해상 및 영동지역 주변으로 중·상층 대기의 매우 차고 건조한 대기와 상대적으로 따뜻한 하층 대기의 온도 차이로 대류 불안정이 형성되어 북강릉 지역으로 대류운의 발달과 함께 강설이 나타났다. 특히 열역학적 및 운동학적 연직 분석에서, 하층에서 온위의 연직 경도에 의한 강한 바람과 한랭이류 에 의한 대류 불안정이 영동지역의 강설 발생에 큰 역할을 한 것으로 판단된다. 이러한 결과는 레윈존데의 연직 분석 에서도 확인할 수 있었다.

The purpose of this study was to explore the potential of agricultural heritage as a sustainable agricultural and rural paradigm with a focus on the “Argan-based agro-sylvo-pastoral system in the area of Ait Souab-Ait Mansour”, a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) site in Morocco. Based on the inscription criteria of the GIAHS, we analyzed the economic-industrial, sociocultural, and ecological-environmental perspectives and presented strategies for revitalizing agricultural and rural development cooperation through the Moroccan Argan GIAHS. The argan tree has been a source of economic, cultural, and environmental stability for the Berber people for centuries, but today it is exposed to many threats. In particular, the declining consumption of argan oil by Berbers, the lack of financial independence of women's cooperatives, and the over-exploitation of the tree suggest that it is time to balance the three pillars of environmental, economic, and social sustainability that development has sought to achieve. Agricultural heritage can be preserved when local people take ownership of their heritage and utilize it to generate economic activities. Only a symbiotic way of life between humans and agricultural heritage can overcome the possibilities and limitations of the ecological environment and generate local value through the accumulation of knowledge, technology, and culture. Only on these premises, can local self-sustaining development based on the pluralistic values and public functions of the world's important agricultural heritage be possible.

This experiment was carried out to examine double cropping system using Italian ryegrass (IRG) 'Kowinearly', whole crop rice 'Yeongwoo' and barnyard millet 'Jeju native' during the Oct. 2020 to Oct. 2022. Three kinds of forage crops were cultivated at paddy field in Livestock Institute, Jeollanamdo Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Jeollanamdo, South Korea. Whole crop rice (WCR) was sown in late May and barnyard millet (BM) sown early June each year after harvesting IRG. We examined dry matter yield and feed value of forage crops depending on harvest time of forage crops during the experimental period. The plant height in heading stage of IRG ranged from 108 to 112cm and dry matter yield ranged from 6,783 to 11,530 kg ha-1. The crude protein (CP) of IRG ranged from 6.0 to 8.44%, acid detergent fiber (ADF) ranged from 55.6 to 60.2% and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) ranged from 32.58 to 36.7%, The dry matter yield of WCR increased as the harvest stage was delayed (14,310 kg ha-1 in milk, 16,167 kg ha-1 in yellow ripen, and 18,891 kg ha-1 in mature). Similar to results of dry matter yield of WCR, dry matter yield of BM increased as the harvest stage was delayed (11,194 kg ha-1 in late heading. and 14,308 kg ha-1 in mature), However nutrient content of WCR and BM showed a decreasing trend. As shown in above results, the productivity of WCR after harvesting IRG was shown to be high at paddy field in the southern region. However, BM also was appeared to have potential as summer forage crops.

본 연구는 최근 전 세계적인 도시연합체를 통한 지역발전 전략은 획일 적이고 경직된 일방적 발전 형태가 아닌 다양한 양상의 발전을 추구할 수 있다는 점에서 하나의 거대한 도시에 대한 집중이나 인위적인 하향식 정치적 결합이 아닌 기능적으로 연계된 도시연합체 형성이 도시연합의 발전을 위한 대안이 될 수 있음을 주장한다. 따라서 본 연구는 석탄 철 강 지역으로 일자리를 찾아 모여든 루르 지역이 초기 독일의 국가 성장 에 일조했으나 실업과 지역 산업의 사양 산업화로 인한 쇠퇴를 경험했던 독일의 도시 지역연합 메트로폴 루르가 위기를 극복하고 새롭게 산업전 환을 성공적으로 완수하게 된 요인을 도시발전의 정치적 요인인 거버넌 스를 통해 분석했다. 이를 통해 한국적인 광역 단위의 메가시티 형성 전 략은 단순히 특정 도시들의 물리적 결합을 통한 양적 발전이 아닌 다양 한 요인을 고려한 기능적 결합을 통한 도시 지역연합으로의 성장 가능성 을 탐색할 필요가 있음을 강조한다.

The physiological characteristics, growth, and yield of each regional rice variety (‘Odaebyeo’, ‘Saechucheong’, ‘Ilmibyeo’) were investigated depending on the impact of changes in temperature and CO2 concentration. Experiments were conducted with a control group, which reflected atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature, and treatment groups, in which the CO2 concentration and temperature were increased by 250 ppm and 2.0℃ from those in the control group. The results showed that the increase in CO2 concentration and temperature reduced the growth and yield of the rice ‘Odaebyeo’, but did not substantially change the productivity of the ‘Saechucheong’ and ‘Ilmibyeo’. The increase in CO2 concentration and temperature increased stomatal conductance and rate of transpiration of the ‘Odaebyeo’ variety, thereby decreasing its water use efficiency (WUE). In contrast, the increase in CO2 concentration and temperature increased the photosynthetic rate and WUE of the ‘Saechucheong’ and ‘Ilmibyeo’ varieties. The gradual change in climate is considered to directly affect growth and development of rice and diversely affect the productivity of each variety. Therefore, it is necessary to implement technological development, select regionally optimal rice varieties, develop new rice varieties, as well as conduct long-term monitoring of each rice variety for climate adaptation to counter global warming.

한반도 남해안지역에서 청동기는 청동기시대부터 초기철기-원삼국시대까지 주로 사용되었다. 청 동기시대의 비파형동검문화는 지금까지 27개 유적에서 45점이 확인되었다. 남해안지역 비파형동검은 요서·요동지역과 크기와 형태가 다른데, 납동위원소비 분석 결과를 보아도 대부분 남한3지구산(충 청·전라·경북 북서부) 원료를 사용한 것으로 추정되어서 남한지역에서 남한산 원료를 사용해서 만 든 것으로 생각된다. 초기철기시대 세형동검문화의 청동기들은 남한2지구산(강원도 동남부) 원료를 사용한 것이 많아서 역시 남한지역에서 남한산 원료를 사용해서 만든 것으로 생각된다. 원삼국시대에 는 세형동검문화계 청동기와 함께 중국과 일본열도계 청동기도 확인되는데, 청동기는 계통을 막론하 고 원료가 대부분 중국북부산과 중국남부산으로 추정되어서 낙랑군을 포함한 중국에서 원료와 완성된 제품을 함께 들여 온 것으로 생각된다. 전쟁 인류학과 전쟁 고고학의 연구성과를 토대로 남해안지역에서 정치체의 형성과정을 살펴보면, 비파형동검문화의 무기조합은 원격전용 투사무기(석촉·동촉)+근접전용 단병충격무기(석검·비파형 동검)가 중심을 이루고 있어서 부족사회 단계로 생각된다. 그러나 여수반도 일대에서는 비파형동모가 출토되는 것으로 보아 강제력을 수반한 수장권이 형성되었을 가능성이 있다. 초기철기시대에는 세형 동검문화가 등장하면서 원격전용 투사무기(석촉)+근접전용 단병충격무기(세형동검)+근접전용 장병충 격무기(동모·동과) 조합이 확인되기 시작하므로 이 시기부터 강제력을 수반한 수장권이 형성된 군장 사회로 접어드는 것으로 생각된다. 원삼국시대에는 철제 무기가 사용되면서 원격전용 투사무기(석 촉·철촉)+근접전용 단병충격무기(세형동검·철단검)+근접전용 장병충격무기(동모·동과·철모·철 과) 조합이 정착되고 있어서 『삼국지』에 보이는 국이 형성되었을 것으로 생각된다.

본고는 생계경제의 변화에 따라 취락 점유 방식이 어떻게 변화하는지 살펴보는데 목적이 있다. 생 계경제의 전환 과정에서 사용된 도구 중 석기는 다양한 활동에 사용되고, 잔존율이 높아 당시 생계경 제 변화 과정을 추적하는데 효과적이다. 따라서 경기지역 청동기시대 취락의 생계경제를 살펴보기 위 해 주거지에서 출토되는 석기도구에 주목하여 지역별, 시기별 조성비의 변화를 검토하였다. 그리고 이러한 시기별, 지역별 생계경제의 차이가 취락에 어떻게 반영되는지 함께 살펴보고자 하였다. 경기지역의 취락은 생계경제 전략에 적합한 방식으로 점유 양상이 변화한다. 생계경제의 변화를 검 토한 결과 경기지역은 전기 전반에 복합 생계 활동을 했던 것으로 판단된다. 세부 지역별로 차이가 있 으나 전기 전반에는 수렵·채집에 사용되는 도구의 비율이 높아 이동 생활의 비중이 높았을 것으로 판단되며, 이로 인해 장기 점유의 필요성이 낮았을 것으로 보인다. 중기에는 생계경제에서 농경의 비중이 증가하는 것으로 판단된다. 전기 후반부터 전체 석기 도구 중 농경구의 비중이 증가하기 시작하는데, 중기 단계가 되면 농경구의 비율이 최대로 확인되며 채집 활동과 같은 이동이 필요한 생계 활동은 감소하는 것으로 보인다. 농업 생산물을 증대하기 위해 당시 인구는 장기 점유를 하며 관개시설과 같은 생산 설비와 농지를 관리할 필요성이 증가했을 것이다. 따 라서 농업 생산량 증대에 적합한 점유 방식을 채택해 점유를 이어나갔을 것으로 추정된다. 후기가 되면 농경구의 수량이 전체적으로 감소하고 수렵, 채집, 어로 활동에 필요한 도구의 비율이 증가한다. 따라서 농경 중심의 생계경제에서 복합 생계경제로 변화하면서 장기 점유의 필요성이 감소 했을 것으로 생각된다.