용액 공정에 기반한 공액 고분자 재료들은 경량성, 유연성, 높은 가격경쟁력으로 주목받고 있다. 하지만 여전 히 유기 소재의 안정성 향상은 중요한 연구 주제로써 상용화를 위해 반드시 극복해야 할 사항이다. 따라서 다양한 물 리적 광학적 조성을 가진 유기 고분자 재료들의 지속적인 개발은 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 기존에 태양전지용 공액 고분자로 사용되고 있는 BDT-S-TPD를 azido functionalization을 통해 성공적으로 아자이드 사슬로 변환시켰고 이를 NMR과 IR 스펙트럼을 통해 증명하였다. 또한 합성된 고분자로 열 또는 광 가교결합을 진행 후 내용제성 평가를 실 시하였고 아자이드 함량이 증가함에 따라 내용제성이 향상됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

To control an external parasitic mite, a honey bee line possessing high hygienic behavior (HHB) against an external parasitic mite, Varroa destructor, has been bred in South Korea and an assessment method has been necessitated to diagnose HHB line from the low hygienic behavior (LHB) line. Thus, in this study, we developed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers from whole genome sequencing of each 20 worker bees from HHB and LHB lines of A. mellifera ligustica (Hymenoptera: Apidae). An average of 319,445,977 sequence reads was mapped to the known A. mellifera reference genome (an average of 87.46%). In 2,316,128 and 3,266,756 SNPs from each HHB and LHB line, an average of 93.6% and was located in the intergenic spacers and introns, whereas, the remaining 6.4% was located in the genic region, respectively. Among them 20 SNPs that were fixed at each line possessing within-individual homozygosity were selected and each four SNPs were used to diagnose the two honey bee lines either by typical PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method or allele-specific PCR. The remaining six SNPs had the size difference, enabling relatively easy differentiation between the two honey bee lines on typical agarose gel and another remaining six SNPs only has sequence difference including SNP sites. Thus, these SNP markers can be used to diagnose the honey bee line with HHB from LHB line against V. destructor.

전기⋅전자산업이 급격하게 발전함에 따라 유가금속 및 희소금속의 수요가 급증하고 있다. 유가금속들은 주로 제련산업 공정에서 다량 방출되며, 회수기술 부족으로 중화, 치환, 흡착을 통해 폐기되어 큰 비용으로 경제적이지 못하다. 이에 분리막을 통한 유가금속회수 소재개발의 필요성이 강조되고 있다. 유가금속이 포함된 습식제련 공정 침출액(15% 황산 용액, 온도 60°C)은 다량의 다가이온과 1가이온을 포함하고 있기 때문에 이온별 분리가 가능해야 하며, 특히 구리와 같은 2가 유가금속 분리성능이 우수해야 한다. 또한, 지속적인 분리/농축을 위해 산에 대한 안정성이 중요하다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 2가 금속 배제율 98%, 유량 33GFD 성능을 1개월 이상 유지하는 나노분리막 제조 연구 개발을 수행하고 있다.

We developed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and are establishing diagnostic systems to distinguish disease resistance- and susceptible-strains of honey bees using the SNPs. For development of SNP markers, whole genome was sequenced each from 20 individuals of “disease resistance-strain” and “susceptible-strain” of Apis mellifera ligustica using the Illumina HiSeq 2000 sequencer. Approximately, 344 and 294 million sequence reads were mapped to the honeybee reference assembly (Amel_4.5) for each strain, respectively. Among the total 2,246,428 SNPs yielded, 33 were found to be fixed between the two strains with all homozygosity. Sixteen of them were casually amplified and sequenced from randomly selected each 10 individual of honey bees from each strain and presented strain specific SNPs. These ten SNPs were used to diagnose the two strains either by original size difference, caused by indel-accompanying SNP, typical PCR-RFLP, or AS PCR.

The two spotted mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, is a global pest, and has developed severe resistance to several types of acaricides. This study compared the development in susceptible (S) and acequinocyl, bifenazate, pyridaben, abamectin and etoxazole-resistant (AcR, BR, PR, AbR and ER) strains of T. urticae by X-ray irradiation. When eggs were irradiated with 100 Gy, the egg hatching was completely inhibited in all strains. When nymphs were irradiated with 200 Gy, their hatching was completely inhibited in all strains. When adults were irradiated, the fecundity and egg hatching was decreased at 150 Gy and above, and hatchability of F1 generation was completely inhibited at 300 Gy in all strains. Adult longevity was slightly increase at 150 Gy and above. In addition, we performed quantitative real-time PCR on several genes. To examine the difference of all strains on radiation stress-induced gene expression, we performed quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) of several known stress-induced genes.

This study compared the development, reproduction, and DNA damage in insecticide (acequinocyl, bifenazate, and etoxazole)-resistant (AR, BR, and ER) and -susceptible (S) strains of Tetranychus urticae by electron beam irradiation. When eggs were irradiated with 150 Gy, the egg hatching was completely inhibited in all strains. When nymphs were irradiated, their emergence rate was decreased with increasing doses of electron beam irradiation. When adults were irradiated, the longevity and the number of eggs was not affected at all target dose in all strains. However, hatchability of F1 generation was perfectly inhibited at 400 Gy in all strains. The DNA damage caused by electron beam irradiation was evaluated by an alkaline comet assay. These results suggest that electron beam irradiation induced abnormal development and reproduction in S, AR, BR, and ER strains of T. urticae.

Calla lily is a mainstream floricultural crop but itscommercial success is limited by severe susceptibility to softrot. This disease can be controlled to some extent by imple-menting appropriate cultural practices but developing resis-tant cultivars against this pathogen is the most promisinglong-term strategy. The purpose of this work was to developnew cultivars resistant to this bacterial disease by initiatingan appropriate breeding programme. Field observations of120 resistant lines selected by a leaf-disk susceptibility testwere carried out and survival rates were measured. Twolines were selected after further evaluation of resistancelevel, flowering characteristics and following guidelines forconduct of tests for distinctness, homogeneity, and stability.Further preference testing of the selected lines by growers,consumers, researchers and agricultural advisors was car-ried out with excellent results. The selected new lines are‘Silky White’ and ‘Mont Blanc’ which emerge as the first,soft-rot resistant calla lily cultivars from our breeding program.

벼멸구에 감수성이며 고품질인 ‘황금누리’와 벼멸구 저항성 유전자 Bph18을 가지고 있는 SR30071-3-7-23-6-1-1-1계통을 교배하여 전통육종법과 분자육종법을 활용하여 새로운 벼멸구 저항성 계통을 선발하여 병해충 저항성과 농업형질을 조사 수행하였다. 1. 20개체의 F1을 양성하여 F2 1,200개체를 포장에 전개하 였다. 포장에서 선발된 개체에 대해 실내미질선발을 수행하여 23개체의 F3를 공시하였으며 벼멸구 유묘검정, 도열병 밭못자 리검정, 흰잎마름병 K1 균계 접종검정을 실시한 후 F4 세대 를 거쳐 100계통을 F5 세대로 공시하였다. 2. F5 세대에서 DNA 마커 검정으로 100계통 중 Bph18은 92계통, Xa3는 96계통, Stv-bi는 98계통에서 저항성 유전자가 확인되었다. 생물검정에서는 100계통 중 벼멸구 유묘검정은 94계통이 저항성을, 흰잎마름병 K3 균계검정은 27계통 및 73 계통이 각각 저항성 및 중도저항성 반응을 보였다. 3. F5 세대 100계통 중 주요 농업적 형질이 우수한 11계통 을 생산력검정시험에 공시하였고, 보통기 보비재배에서 농업 형질이 양호하고, 수량이 높으며 병해충 저항성을 보이는 우 량한 4계통을 선발하여 이삭모양과 초형이 우수하며 출수기는 중만생종이며, 간장이 작고 수량이 높은 HR28011-1-2-3을 ‘익 산562호’로 계통명을 부여하였다. 본 실험에서 육성한 ‘익산562호’는 지역적응성 평가를 통한 품종화를 추진 중이며 벼멸구 및 기타 주요 병해충에 복합저 항성 벼품종육성을 위한 유전자원으로 활용되기를 기대한다.

The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), is one of the most serious pests in cabbage cultivation. Field survey was carried out to know the insecticide resistance levels and to develop the applicable insecticide resistant markers in five main cabbage cultivation regions (Pyeong-chang, Hong-cheon, Bong-wha, Mu-ju and Je-ju) during 2009 to 2011. M. persicae can resist a wide range of insecticides in five surveyed local populations. Therefore multi resistant (MR) strain was selected from these five local populations and esterase over-expression, modified AChE (MACE) and mutation(s) in para-type sodium channel were analyzed using native IEF and quantitative sequencing with five local populations. Esterase over-expression and MACE (StoF mutation) were observed in all populations including MR strain. LtoF mutation is well known as a kdr mutation in para-type sodium channel. However, even though LC50 values of MR strain noted over 2,000 times higher than that of susceptible strain against bifenthrin, LtoF mutation was not detected in para type sodium channel and also local populations. We found another mutation (MtoL) in para and that mutation highly correlated between mutation ratio and bioassay data. For preliminary resistance monitoring, we developed quantitative sequencing (QS) to detect the frequencies of point mutation as a population genotyping. These methods can apply to manage M. persicae resistant populations in field.

The new alloy1) is made from rapidly solidified Al-Ni-Zr-Ce aluminum alloy powder, and has the following unique mechanical characteristics:(1) The stress-strain curve shows a yield point; (2) The alloy shows high heat resistance; (3) Although the alloy is submicron particle diameter, it shows excellent creep resistance. We observed the micro structures of this new alloy, and it is thought that is based on the following reasons:(1) The dislocation strongly adheres to the alloy’s many crystal boundaries;(2) The added alloying elements have a small diffusion coefficient in aluminum;(3) The tiny intermetallic compound particles crystallizing at the grain boundary.

Conventional high-speed steels, which are carbide decentralized materials, are used for sliding parts, but they lack sufficient hardness for some applications. Improvement of surface hardness is possible for high-Cr steels through nitriding. However, nitriding P/M parts is not advisable without sealing the porosity before treatment, as they will become brittle. However, it is difficult to seal the pores with steam treatment, because high-Cr steel has a passive film on the surface. Controlling nitriding by decreasing the amount of oxygen on the surface to be nitrided, and grinding to decrease the porosity of the surface, makes it possible to produce a material that has reasonable and sufficient hardness in the required areas.

Injection molding of corrosive super engineering plastics and engineering plastics with various fillers is conducted under severe conditions and causes corrosion and wear problems. We have developed boride base cermets, which have excellent corrosion-and wear-resistances, and tried to apply them into plastic molding machine parts. In this paper, the effects of V substitution for Cr on the mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and microstructure of Ni-5.0B-51.0Mo-(17.5-X)Cr-XV (mass%) model cermets were investigated. Both transverse rupture strength (TRS) and hardness increased monotonically with increasing V content and reached 2.94GPa and at 10.0%V, respectively. The improvements of TRS and hardness were attributed to microstructural refinement.