본 연구는 초등학생이 인식한 학교 만족도와 교사와의 관계, 부모와의 관계가 학생 주도성에 미치는 직접적인 영향과 자아효능감을 매개로 한 간접적인 영향을 구조적으로 밝히는 데 목적이 있다. 본 연 구의 대상은 서울시교육청에서 2010~2018년 동안 실시한 서울교육종단연구 1차년도의 초등학교 4학 년 패널 4,326명이다. 이를 토대로 구조방정식 모형을 구성하여 변인 간 구조적 관계 및 매개효과를 분석하였으며 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 초등학생이 인식한 학교 만족도는 자아효능감과 학생 주 도성에 정적 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 학생과 교사와의 긍정적 관계는 자아효능감과 학생 주도성에 정적으 로 유의하였다. 셋째, 자녀와 부모와의 원만한 관계는 자아효능감과 학생 주도성에 통계적으로 유의하 며, 정적 영향을 미쳤다. 넷째, 자아효능감은 학생 주도성에 정적 영향을 미쳤으며, 학교 만족도, 교사 와의 관계, 부모와의 관계와 학생 주도성을 각각 정적으로 매개하였다. 이에 본 연구에서는 학교 만족 도, 교사와의 관계, 부모와의 관계, 자아효능감, 학생 주도성 간의 구조적 관계를 규명한 뒤 이 연구결 과를 바탕으로 학생 주도성에 대한 시사점을 밝히고 지원방안을 제언하였다.

The present study examines Korean high school English teachers’ and university students’ perceptions about the criterion-referenced assessment of English in CSAT. A total of 400 participants (149 teachers and 251 students) answered an online questionnaire. Teachers showed more positive attitudes than students in their perceptions about the reduction of excessive competition among students, more communicative English classes, and the use of Korean and mathematics scores of the CSAT for the admission materials. Students, on the other hand, were more positive than teachers in their perceptions about the effects of the criterion-referenced assessment of English in CSAT on the reduction of private education and more high scorers in the CSAT. Regarding the alternatives to current criterion-referenced assessments of English in CSAT, teachers seem to emphasize the development of new question types for a valid criterion-referenced assessment system while students seem to focus on improving the communication skills through the English test in CSAT, not on the validity of the criterion-referenced assessment.

For nearly two years, virtual learning has been employed by most Korean university instructors and students in online teaching environment. A major negative result of prior research on this issue has been a feeling of isolation and desire for more interactions by students. Therefore, this study was conducted to elicit student insights and feelings related to their satisfaction, self-ratings, and advantages and disadvantages of online Teacher-led (TL) versus Student-led (SL) team activities in their online learning environment. A total of 53 freshman students in two general English classes took part in four Zoom group meetings. The surveys and reflection essay were analyzed through qualitative methods. Major findings included: students from both the TL and SL groups reported relatively higher satisfaction and self-ratings of English skills through the four team activities. However, the TL group indicated that there was a lack of emphasis on reading skills, and an overreliance on teacher interventions led to a lack of team cooperation. While the SL group reported that a lack of teacher interaction led to confusion, poor time management, increased Korean use, and fewer listening comprehension opportunities. Implications and a discussion of team activity use in general English programs are included.

This study investigated features of L2 classroom-based teacher-student writing conference and student subsequent revision from the perspective of languaging. A non-native teacher and four non-native students participated in the writing conference about two tasks of summary and critical review in an intact college ESL composition classroom. Eight video-recorded conference sessions were analyzed regarding discourse topics (language use vs. content/rhetoric), and configuration of negotiation and scaffolding. Discourse topics were found to interact with task types as more issues about content and rhetoric were addressed for critical review. Configurations of negotiation and scaffolding were found to be similar in both tasks. Scaffolding was dominant in language use talks while negotiation and scaffolding were balanced in content/rhetoric talks. As for making meaning and student revision, the quality of negotiation was more critical than the quantity. Non-extensive scaffolding also led to successful revision along with students’ background knowledge and classroom instruction. The findings demonstrate dynamics of writing tasks, conferences, and student revision.

It is generally believed that teachers are important both to student learning and achievement. Apart from teacher qualification and experience, some studies have shown that teacher gender may relate significantly to student achievement. The purpose of the study was to find out the following- (a) Does teacher gender significantly influence student academic achievement in English Language Arts at the junior secondary school level? (b). Does teacher gender significantly influence student academic achievement in Mathematics at the junior secondary school level? (c) Does teacher gender significantly influence student academic achievement in Biology at the junior secondary school level? Data was obtained from 570 students in seven junior secondary school students in South-East area of Nigeria. An analysis of data showed the following- In the English Language Arts area, and at the junior secondary school level, female students performed significantly higher than male students under a female teacher and male students performed better (but not statistically significant) under male teachers. In the area of Mathematics, female students performed significantly higher under male teachers. Based on the findings, recommendations were made on improving the teaching of English Language Arts, Mathematics and Integrated Science in Nigerian junior secondary schools.

With a recognition of a profound effect that teacher identity has in students’ language learning, the present study explores how teacher identity, especially that of native speaking (NS) and nonnative speaking (NNS) teacher in EFL context, shapes the teacher-student interaction and influences students’ learning differently. Data was gathered through classroom observations and video recordings of teacher-student interaction of a total of six hours of class sessions. The data comes from the interactions of three nonnative Korean teachers, one native speaker, and six university students in Korean EFL co-teaching classroom. To analyze the data, the method of discourse analysis was used. The findings show that the native teacher acted as an interaction provoker who stimulated classroom discussion and also an expert of both target language and culture. On the other hand, nonnative teachers acted as an activity guider by helping student understand the classroom activities. As sharing L1 and the same culture, nonnative teachers were flexible with the language choice of the students and understood the difficulties they had in the class. The study further draws attention to the pedagogical implications regarding the co-teaching of native and nonnative teacher in EFL classroom.

This study intended to research the differences between the teaching types of physical education according to students' characteristics, and the affective characteristics on the foundation of classifying the teaching types of physical education into the d

이 연구의 목적은 학생들의 논증을 인식론적 (사고과정) 및 심리학적 (사고유형) 관점에서 탐색하여 어떠한 사고과정 및 유형으로 교사가 학생들의 논증 형성 능력을 향상시키는지 알아보는 것이다. 35년의 교사경력을 지니고 있는 교사 및 그의 26명 학생의 과학수업 60시간을 관찰하고, 전사하였으며, 전사한 학생들의 논증이 어떻게 표현되는지를 두 개의 도구, 즉 인식론적 및 심리학적 관점으로 분석하였다. 이 연구 참여자인 교사는 학생들의 논증의 질을 향상 시키기 위하여 특별한 목적으로 개발한 명시적인 교수법 "주장-근거 교수법"을 수업 시간에 활용하였다. 논증을 두 개의 다른 관점으로 분석해 본 결과, "보기" 또는 "예"를 이용한 사고과정에서는 "정교성" 사고유형이 가장 빈번하게 사용되었다. 모든 탐구의 시작인 가설을 세우기 위해 학생들은 "귀납" 사고과정으로 "일반화" 사고유형을 통해 탐구의 시작단계인 본인들의 "주장"을 형성하였다. 좀 더 높은 수준의 논증은 다른 지식이나 경험을 통한 개념의 "일관성" 사고 과정을 통해 교사의 도움에 힘입어 학생들이 "설명"을 형성하였다. 이러한 높은 수준의 논증 기회에서 확인된 교사의 역할은 학생들이 스스로 논증을 형성할 수 잇도록 도와주는 조력자, 그리고 학생들의 논증을 평가하는 것이 아닌 좀더 학생들의 사고과정을 확장시켜 주는 정교자 (elaborator), 그리고 학생들의 논증 수준이 높아질 수 있도록 논증을 추적하여 발전시켜주는 멘토로 확인되었다. 논증 본성에 대한 이해를 바탕으로 교사들은 학생들이 과학의 참 의미를 이해 할 수 있도록, 논증 기회를 제공하는 명시적인 교수전략을 개발하는 것이 필수적이라 할 수 있겠다.

The purpose of this study was examined the difference of learning behavior between learners taught by the educational practice teacher and learners taught by the experienced teacher as well as the teaching behavior of both the educational practice teacher

This study examined the knowledge and practices of scientific inquiry displayed by three student teachers and two beginning teachers at secondary levels. Observations using the instrument of OTOP designed by the research team of OCEPT (Oregon Collaborative for Excellent in the Preparation of Teachers) generalized similar teaching strategies of scientific inquiry between student and beginning teachers, such as using group work for students' first hand experience, using concrete materials for experimentation or visual tools for demonstration, using questions for factual knowledge mainly without opportunities to understand how scientific knowledge is constructed. Those scientific inquiry activities were very confirmative ones to follow the steps without opportunities of understanding nature of science or nature of scientific inquiry. However, all participants in this study hold knowledge of scientific inquiry envisioned by the National Science Education Standards [NSES] (NRC, 1996), where students identify their hypothesis, use critical and logical thinking, and consider alternative explanations through argumentation as well as experimentation. An inconsistent relationship between participating teachers knowledge and practices about scientific inquiry resulted from their lack of pedagogy skills of implementing it in the classroom. Providing opportunities for these teachers to reflect on their beliefs and practices about scientific inquiry was recommended for the future study. Furthermore, increasing college faculty interest in new teaching approaches for upgrading the content knowledge of student teachers and beginning teachers was recommended as a solution, since those teachers showed evidence of influence by college faculties at universities in their pedagogy skills.

이 연구는 지각된 학생지도성, 교사-학생관계 교사효능감, 학습컨설팅 역량의 구조적인 관계를 살펴보는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 선행연구를 토대로 가설모형을 설정한 후, 초등교사 201명을 대상으로 세 변인의 직·간접적 영향력을 살펴보았다. 분석방법은 Pearson 적률 상관분석을 통해 측정변인들 간의 상호관련성을 살펴보았고, 구조방정식모형분석을 통해 세 변인들로 이루어진 모형이 적합한지를 알아보았다. 또한 매개효과 검증을 위해, 부트스트랩핑(Bootstrapping) 분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 측정변인들간의 상관관계는 통계적으로 유의하였고, 학생지도성은 학습컨설팅에 직접적인 영향을 미치면서 동시에 교사-학생관계 교사효능감을 매개로 간접적인 영향을 주는 모형이 적합한 모형임을 확인하였다. 또한, 교사-학생관계 교사효능감은 통계적으로 유의한 매개효과가 있었다. 이 상의 결과를 바탕으로 초등교사의 학습컨설팅 역량을 함양하기 위해서는 교수·학습 전문성 및 학생에 대한 이해와 같은 학생지도성을 강화해야 하며, 교사-학생의 긍정적인 관계 형성에 대한 신념이 높아야 함에 대해 논의하였다.

With rapid economic growth, the urban environment has created a problem of human physical and mental illness. In order to solve these problems, urban forests have emerged as a way to mitigate the environmental risks through improving the polluted environment of the city and improve the quality of life. As the urban forests have expanded, the school forests movement has also been taking an important place recently. The study focused on the performance of school forests by comparing the perceptions among teachers and students about their functions. The questionnaire was composed of 4 questions concerning human matters, 10 questions for space recognition, 4 questions for thermal environment, 2 questions for health promotion, and 20 total questions for composition of survey items. The reliability of the school forest function, number of tree planting areas and quantities, the harmony of the planting, and the satisfaction of the school forest were analyzed in the questionnaire conducted by the school members. Although it does not recognize school forests, it has a positive response to the green space that is built outdoors. It is considered that outdoor education and environmental education are sufficient in school forests and green spaces. The results showed that the outdoor green space was more satisfactory when compared with the general school. Teachers and students' preferences were similar to 'seasonal changes' and' trees of various colors and shapes'. The reliability analysis between each item shows that the coefficient for cronbach ' s α was . 700 to . 834. The purpose of this study is to identify the perception of forest function among school forest members and to utilize them as a basic data in the future.

이 연구는 지각된 학교조직문화유형, 교사-학생관계 교사효능감, 문화간감수성과 다문화교수역량의 구조적 관계를 살펴보는 것이 주목적이다. 조사대상은 중학교 교사 231명의 설문자료를 분석 하였다. 구조방정식 모형 검증결과, 학교조직문화요인들 중 수직적 개인주의, 수평적 개인주의와 수평적 집단주의는 다문화교수역량에 직접적인 영향을 주면서 동시에 교사-학생관계 교사효능감과 문화간감수성을 매개로 간접적인 영향을 미치는 부분매개모형을 적합한 모형이었다. 그러나 수직적 집단주의는 다문화교수역량에 직접적인 영향을 미치지 않았고, 문화간감수성을 매개로만 다문화교수역량에 간접적인 영향을 주었다. 또한 문화간감수성과 교사-학생관계 교사효능감의 매개 효과의 통계적인 유의성을 살펴보기 위해, 부트스트래핑을 통한 간접효과를 분석한 결과, 수직적 개인주의, 수평적 개인주의와 수평적 집단주의는 95% 신뢰구간에 0이 포함되지 않아 통계적으로 유의한 매개효과가 있었다. 이상의 결과들을 토대로 중학교교사의 다문화교수역량을 향상하기 위해서는 교사의 교사효능감과 문화간감수성을 반영한 수평적인 개인주의 또는 집단주의 조직문화를 조성할 필요가 있다는 점에서 대해 논의하였다.

이 연구는 학교 장면에서 교사들의 게임 인식 유형과 학생 게임 이용 수용도의 관계를 이해하기 위해 수행되었다. 전국 초·중·고등학교 교사와 상담교사 및 전문 상담사 250명을 대상으로 설문조사한 결과 네 가지 게임 인식 유형은 성별, 연령, 게임 경험 유무, 게임에 대한 태도, 게임에 대한 대응, 게임이 학생의 학업에 미치는 영향 인식에서 차이가 있었다. 교사의 게임 인식 유형에 따라 학생 게임 이용 수용도를 비 교한 결과 ‘관리/감독의 필요성’, ‘적극 활용의사’, ‘관심과 확인’, ‘부적응 대체활동으로 인정’ 에서 유형간 차이가 있었다. 그러나 ‘수용 효능감’에서는 모든 유형이 낮은 수준을 보였다. 끝으로 학교 현장에서 학생 게임 이용에 대한 교사의 수용도를 높이기 위해 어떠한 지원을 제공하는 것이 효과적일지 논의하였다.