Plasma polymerized Styrene thin films were used as a memory layer in a memory device. As for the memory layer, a ppS thin films were used for the organic memory device and their charge storage characteristic was investigated comparatively, where the charge storage effect was evaluated by a hysteresis voltage. The organic memory device with ppS thin film of 30nm and 50nm as memory layer showed promising memory characteristics such as hysteresis voltage of 20V and 28V. The ppS revealed promising charge storage properties which confirms that an organic memory device without floating gate could be successfully implemented by using the ppS thin film as a memory layer.

국내외 해상 위험·유해물질(Hazardous and Noxious Substances, HNS) 물동량이 증가함에 따라 HNS 유출 사고의 위험성이 점차 높아지고 있다. 해상에 유출된 HNS는 해양생태계 파괴를 비롯한 해양환경 오염 및 인명피해를 유발하며, 화재 및 폭발 등을 동반한 2 차 사고 발생 가능성도 존재한다. 따라서 해상 HNS의 신속한 탐지와 각 물질 특성에 적합한 방제전략을 수립해야 한다. 본 연구에서 는 초분광 원격탐사에 기반한 지상 HNS 유출 실험 과정 및 탐지 알고리즘 적용 결과를 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위해 프랑스 브레스트 지역의 야외 풀장에서 스티렌을 유출한 후 초분광 센서를 활용한 동시 관측을 수행하였다. 순수 스티렌 및 해수 스펙트럼은 주성분 분 석(principal component analysis, PCA) 및 N-Findr 기법을 적용하여 추출하였으며, 또한 spectral distance similarity (SDS), spectral correlation similarity (SCS), spectral similarity value (SSV), spectral angle mapper (SAM)을 포함한 분광정합 기법을 적용하여 초분광 영상 내 화소들을 스티렌 및 해수로 분류하였다. 그 결과 SDS 및 SSV 기법이 우수한 스티렌 탐지 결과를 보여주었으며, 스티렌 총 면적은 약 1.03 m2로 추정되었다. 본 연구는 해상 HNS 모니터링에 주요 역할을 할 것으로 기대된다.

서로 다른 술폰화 정도에 따라 sulfonated star branched poly(styrene-b-butadiene-b-styrene) triblock copolymer (SSBS)가 합성되었다. 술폰화된 butadiene block은 FT-IR spectroscopy로 확인할 수 있다. 술폰화 정도를 측정 비교하기 위해 서 산-염기 적정을 통하여, ion exchange capacity (IEC)를 계산하였다. 술폰화된 SSEB 전해질막은 높은 water uptake와 proton conductivity를 보였다. 실온에서 25 mol% 술폰화된 SSBS는 0.114 S/cm라는 높은 값을 나타냈으며, 이는 Nafion과 비슷 한 수치였다. 일정한 상대 습도에서 온도의 증가는 현저하게 높은 수소이온전도도를 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. 모든 술폰화된 막 은 Nafion과 비교했을 때 낮은 methanol 투과도를 보여주었다. AFM을 이용하여 술폰화된 전해질막의 구조는 이른바 분리된 나 노구조의 미세상과 ionic channel의 접속으로 이루어졌음을 확인할 수 있었다.

This research is carried out to analyze the effects of Styrene and PVP on the properties of silicone hydrogel lenses. Styrene group and PVP(Polyvinylpyrrolidone) are used as additives for a basic combination containing silicone monomer, TSMA(trimethylsilyl methacrylate) and DMA(n,n-dimethylacrylamide) added to the mix at ratios of 1~10 %. Silicone hydrogel lens is produced by cast-mold method. The polymerized lens sample is hydrated in a 0.9 % saline solution for 24 hours before its optical and physical characteristics are measured. Measurement of the physical characteristics of the produced material shows that the refractive index is 1.3682~1.4321, water content 77.11~45.73 %, visible light transmittance 95.14~88.20 %, and tensile strength 0.0652~0.3113 kgf. The results show a decrease of refractive index as the ratio of additives and water content decreases. The result of the stabilization test of polymerization show an increase of extractables along with increase of the ratio of additives, but the difference is not significant for all samples, so it can be judged that the stabilization of the polymer is maintained. Therefore, the additions of styrene and PVP should be taken into consideration for their effects on the physical properties of silicone hydrogel lens.

최근 수자원 부족의 문제에 대한 탈출구를 찾기 위해 해수담수화 공정이 지속적인 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 그 중 전기흡착탈이온(EAD) 공정은 이온교환막을 이용한 전기투석법과 이온교환수지를 이용한 이온교환수지법을 혼합하여 이루어지는 공정으로 현재 사용되고 있는 해수담수화 공정의 효율을 더 높이 올려줄 것이라 예상하고 있다. 하지만, 이 공정은 이온교환막 사이에 이온교환수지가 있는 구조이기 때문에 기존 모듈보다 비교적 사이즈가 크다는 단점이 있다. 또한, 이온교환수지의 크기 분포와 당량비가 모듈의 성능에 영향을 준다. 본 연구는 현재 상용화되고 있는 이온교환공정에서 쓰이고 있는 모듈의 문제해결과 성능 향상을 위해 진행되었다. 개질을 통해 이온교환용량을 더욱 향상시키고 일반적인 이온교환수지가 아닌 더 작고 균질한 이온교환능력을 가진 이온교환 나노입자를 제조하여 제막을 진행하였고, 다양한 특성평가가 이루어졌다.

In the present work, a comparative study of the mechanical behavior of two series of elastomeric composites, based on carboxylated styrene butadiene rubber (X-SBR) and reinforced with rice bran carbon (RBC) and graphite, is reported. Hybrid composites of X-SBR filled with RBC-graphite were also investigated in terms of the cure characteristics, hardness, tensile properties, abrasion resistance, and swelling. It was observed that the cure times decreased with the incorporation of a carbon filler whereas the torque difference, tensile strength, tensile modulus, hardness, and swelling resistance increased compared to the neat X-SBR revealing a favorable characteristic of crosslinking. Dynamic rheological analysis showed that the G' values of the composites, upon the addition of RBC-graphite, were changed to some extent. This demonstrates that the presence of a strongly developed network of fillers will ensure a reinforcing characteristic in a polymer matrix.

There is a great importance in the development of anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) for renewable energy research. The high conductivity and alkaline stability under high pH conditions at elevated temperatures are required for AEMs. We report herein SEBS-based AEMS with different hydrophobic side chain lengths, and investigated the properties of the corresponding AEMs, including conductivity, morphology and chemophysical stabilities.

계면동전위라 불리는 제타전위(zeta potential)란 표면 전하적 특성을 정량화 한 값으로 전기동역학적 현상으로 발 생하는 전위차를 말한다. 제타전위는 막오염(fouling)과 표면전하 분석을 통한 개질 확인 및 치환기 확인에 대한 연구가 활발 히 진행되어 왔다. 그리고 제타전위를 측정하는 방법으로는 전기영동(electrophoresis), 전기삼투(eletrosmosis), 유동전위 (streaming potential)를 기초로 개발되었고, 그중에서도 평막은 유동전위 측정이 적합하다고 알려졌다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 poly(styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene) 고분자에 암모늄을 도입하여 아민화된 SEBS 평막 형택의 분리막을 제조하고, 계면동 전위 측정기를 이용하여 제조된 분리막들의 유동전위를 측정하여 결과를 분석하였다.

요즘 건물 내에서의 생활이 많아진 현대인에게 실내공기의 질은 매우 중요한 개념이고, 새롭게 생각을 해 보아야 하는 문제이다. 실내공기의 질은 실내공기의 온도, 습도 등으로 결정이 된다. 그리고 실내공기 개선을 위해서는 에너지 소비 가 심하다는 단점이 있다. 그리하여, 전열교환을 이용하여 이러한 문제를 해결하려는 방법에 대한 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 전열교환 분리막 적용을 위하여, poly(styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene) 고분자에 친수성 치환기 인 암모늄을 도입하여 아민화된 SEBS 고분자를 합성하였고, 합성고분자에 대한 특성평가를 진행하였다. 암모늄을 도입하기 위하여 클로로메틸화 반응과 아민화 반응을 통하여 합성을 진행하였다. 결과적으로 합성고분자는 반응용제의 함량이 높아질 수록 함수율, 이온교환용량이 증가하였고, 전열교환 분리막에서 중요한 투습도 또한 증가함을 확인할 수 있었다.

For a decade, solution-processed functional materials and various printing technologies have attracted increasingly the significant interest in realizing low-cost flexible electronics. In this study, Cu nanoparticles are synthesized via the chemical reduction of Cu ions under inert atmosphere. To prevent interparticle agglomeration and surface oxidation, oleic acid is incorporated as a surface capping molecule and hydrazine is used as a reducing agent. To endow water-compatibility, the surface of synthesized Cu nanoparticles is modified by a mixture of carboxyl-terminated anionic polyelectrolyte and polyoxylethylene oleylamine ether. For reducing the surface tension and the evaporation rate of aqueous Cu nanoparticle inks, the solvent composition of Cu nanoparticle ink is designed as DI water:2-methoxy ethanol:glycerol:ethylene glycol = 50:20:5:25 wt%. The effects of poly(styrene-co-maleic acid) as an adhesion promoter(AP) on rheology of aqueous Cu nanoparticle inks and adhesion of Cu pattern printed on polyimid films are investigated. The 40 wt% aqueous Cu nanoparticle inks with 0.5 wt% of Poly(styrene-co-maleic acid) show the “Newtonian flow” and has a low viscosity under 10 mPa·S, which is applicable to inkjet printing. The Cu patterns with a linewidth of 50~60 μm are successfully fabricated. With the addition of Poly(styrene-co-maleic acid), the adhesion of printed Cu patterns on polyimid films is superior to those of patterns prepared from Poly(styrene-comaleic acid)-free inks. The resistivities of Cu films are measured to be 10~15 μΩ·cm at annealing temperature of 300 ˚C.

A novel cation exchange membrane consisting of polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) was prepared for the application of vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB). PVDF used as supporter has considerably high mechanical strength and an intrinsic hydrophobicity. For the successful preparation of the membrane, PVDF powders were modified by potassium hydroxide, which increased the hydrophilicity of PVDF powders. Modified PVDF were grafted with styrene sulfonic acid (SSA) using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as initiative. The cross-sectional morphology and structure of PVDF/SSA was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and FT-IR. The membrane was characterized by water uptake, dimensional change, ion conductivity and ion exchange capacity (IEC) and cell performance of Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRFB) with Nafion 212.

This study was aimed to evaluate the relationship between the concentration and dilution factor (ratio) using the Air Dilution Olfactory Method, which is suggested in the Standard Method of Odor Compounds, by measuring dilution factor for 5 types of aldehyde compounds and styrene. For the measurement, 13 panelists were selected by several criteria through panel test. Panelists chosen for their closely similar sensitivities provide more reproducible values. The estimation showed that the correlation of the concentration with dilution factor for the 12 compounds including the sulfur compounds, ammonia, and trimethylamine can be reasonably expressed by the equation log C=Af∙logD+F(Af: material constant, F: constant). The result of this study is suggested to be used as a base data for research on measures to improve the regulation standards for complex odor concentration on site boundary in operation, as well as a correlation between the concentration and dilution factor for the designated foul odor substances, and their characteristics.

Co3O4, Al2O3 and Co3O4/Al2O3 mesoporous powders were prepared by a sol-gel method with starting matierals ofaluminum isopropoxide and cobalt (II) nitrate. A P123 template is employed as an active organic additive for improving thespecific surface area of the mixed oxide by forming surfactant micelles. A transition metal cobalt oxide supported on aluminawith and without P123 was tested to find the most active and selective conditions as a heterogeneous catalyst in the reactionof styrene epoxidation. A bBlock copolymer-P123 template was added to the staring materials to control physical and chemicalproperties. The properties of Co3O4/Al2O3 powder with and without P123 were characterized using an X-ray diffractometer(XRD), a Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), a Bruner-Emmertt-Teller (BET) surface analyzer, and 27AlMAS NMR spectroscopy. Powders with and without P123 were compared in catalytic tests. The catalytic activity and selectivitywere monitored by GC/MS, 1H, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The performance for the reaction of epoxidation of styrene wasobserved to be in the following order: [Co3O4/Al2O3 with P123-1173 K>Co3O4/Al2O3 with P123-973 K>Co3O4-973K>Co3O4/Al2O3-973 K>Co3O4/Al2O3 with P123-1473 K>Al2O3-973 K]. The existence of γ-alumina and the nature of thesurface morphology are related to catalytic activity.

원자전달 라디칼 중합(ATRP)에 의해 poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) 주사슬과 poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PSSA) 곁사슬로 되어있는 양쪽성 PVC-g-PSSA 가지형 공중합체를 합성하였다. 합성된 고분자 전해질막을 10 wt% AgNO3 수용액에 담가 은이온으로 이온교환을 하였으며, 환원제를 통하여 은 나노입자를 성장시켰다. UV분광학과 XRD 분석을 통해 은 나노입자 성장을 확인하였다. 투과전자현미경(TEM) 분석결과 NaBH4를 사용하였을 때 10~20 nm 크기의 은 나노입자를 얻는데 가장 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 은 나노입자의 성장은 환원제의 농도와 환원 시간에 크게 영향을 받았다.

The blending effects of surfactants on the polystyrene emulsion polymerization were studied. The blending of Triton X-100 and SDS affects to the interfacial properties of the styrene monomer and water phases, and finally, the properties of the polystyrene latex particles. As the blending ratio of SDS/Triton X-100 increases, the interfacial tension and CMC of the blended surfactants were decreased and results in a reducing the size of the latex particles. It was found that the interfacial tension was reduced when the surfactant were blended. By increasing the SDS content, the interfacial tension was reduced, and, at a certain condition, the interfacial tension was reached to an extremely low value to form micro-emulsion and the nano-sized latex particles (80~110 nm).

Core-Shell polymers of silicone dioxide-styrene system were prepared by sequential emulsion polymerization. In inorganic/organic Core-Shell composite particle polymerization, silicone dioxide adsorbed by surfactant sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (EU-DO133L) was prepared initially and then core silicone dioxide was encapsulated emulsion by sequential emulsion polymerization using styrene at the addition of potassium persulfate (KPS) as an initiator. We found that SiO2 core shell of SiO2/styrene structure was formed when polymerization of styrene was conducted on the surface of SiO2 particles, and the concentration sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (EU-DO133L) was 0.5~2.0g. The structure of core-shell polymer were investigated by measuring to the thermal decomposition of polymer composite using thermogravimetric analyzer and morphology of latex by scanning electron microscope(SEM).