Pancreatic cancer is still one of the most dreadful malignancies with 5-year survival of 5%. The lack of effective diagnostic tools for early detection of pancreatic cancer is the major factor for the poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer. Considering the relatively lower incidence of pancreatic cancer, it seems to be reasonable to find and investigate the high risk group of pancreatic cancer rather than to screen general population. During the last 2 decades, several epidemiologic and genetic high risk groups of pancreatic cancer were found. Especially, western countries including US have been taking care of genetic high risk group and reported several meaningful outcomes. With advances of understanding molecular carcinogenesis and progression of pancreatic cancer, the effort to find specific biomarkers for both detection and treatment of pancreatic cancer has been overwhelmed. Various types of biomarkers including protein, microRNA, exosomes or circulating tumor cells itself have been under investigations. Although there has been no single biomarker which can overcome CA19-9 in serum to date. It will be worthwhile to wait for more potent biomarker which can be used for early diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer in near future.

The purpose of this article is to search stakeholders' recognition related to Fire Construction Surveillance system; a client(order), fire fighting officer, supervision company, construction company, design company, other. The paper provides 4 important things. Firstly, a client(order) suggested the lowest recognition in the needs about the need of separation order, that of contract for any construction work limited registered companies, and that of standard price for engineering.. Secondly, the design company is lowest recognition in guidance and control participating in construction-design phase. Thirdly, the design company is lowest in adjustment about manpower-allocation according to allocation criteria of technical manpower. Fourthly, a client(order) and supervision company are relatively lower than other stakeholder in necessity on special education and training system for auditor in fire protection construction. Almost all related matters are related to more or less stakeholders' interest.

This study describes the national program of year-round surveillance and monitoring for avian influenza (AI). The validity of the epidemiologically-based surveillance scheme was assessed. Korea’s current surveillance program is aimed at detecting subclinical infection of either the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus or the low pathogenic avian influenza virus, types H5 and H7, both of which carry risk of converting to HPAI. The current AI surveillance program has demonstrated that implementing a surveillance strategy is plausible. Farmer and livestock related professional support is the critical step of specimen collection to discover hidden infection. Early detection of AI virus infection can achieve best by the combined efforts of farmers, animal health authorities, and other related industries.

Vector-borne diseases, including those transmitted by ticks, pose serious public health threats to US military populations, as well as military and civilian populations in the Republic of Korea. (1) From 2004-2010, a total of 54,495 ticks belonging to three genera and eight species [Haemaphysalis longicornis (33,242; 61.0%), H. flava (18,525; 34.0%), Ixodes nipponensis (2,420; 4.4%), H. phasiana (216, 0.4%), H. japonica (33; <0.1%), Amblyomma testudinarium (26; <0.1%), I. turdus (17; <0.1%), and I. persulcatus(16; <0.1%)] were collected by tick drag. (2) As part of the rodent-borne disease surveillance program, a total of 6,773 ticks belonging to two genera and four species were collected from small mammals at US military installations and training sites in Korea from 2004-2009. (3) In collaboration with Seoul National University, a total of 920 ticks, belonging to two genera and six species were collected from small-large mammals. (4) In addition, a total of 250 ticks belonging to two genera and five species were collected from migratory birds. (5) I. simplex and I. vespertilionis also were collected from limited numbers of bats. Additional collections from small-large mammals, migratory birds, bats, and other animals are needed to identify the geographical and host range of ticks and the associated pathogens they harbor. Furthermore, these data can be used to provide predictive emergence and distributions of ticks and their associated pathogens.

A surveillance of chigger mites was conducted to clarify the incidence of scrub typhus vectors by new chigger mite collecting traps instead of trapping wild rodents for surveillance from each 4 collection points of 5 regions from September to November 2012 in Korea. During the surveillance period, 2,829 chiggers were collected and 10 species of 4 genera were identified. The first appearance of chigger mite and patients was 39 week (9.19~9.25) and the density of chigger mites had the peak in 43 week (10.17~10.23) and the density of patients had the peak in 44 week (10.24~10.30), respectively. In Goryeong-gun, a total of 1,797 mites representing 4 genera and 6 species were collected and the predominant species were Leptotrombidium scutellare (86.0%), L. pallidum (6.5%) and L. palpale (4.7%) whereas, In Gurye-gun, a total of 89 mites representing 2 genera and 3 species were collected and the predominant species were L. scutellare (46.5%) and L. palpale (36.2%) in similar to the natural environment. The high collecting rates were recorded at rice field (71.8%) and waterway (11.6%). This result shows that the surveillance of scrub typhus vectors by new chigger mite collecting trap is useful as an eco-friendly method.

As veterinary medicine industry has grown up steadily, the government quality control of veterinary medicine in market has been performed since 1964. The result of post-market surveillance assay from 2009 to 2012 was analyzed in this study. The average violation rate of all veterinary medicines, was 3.2%, 2.8%, 2.8% and 1.4% in 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively. The total average violation rate in the category of antibiotics, other drugs except antibiotics, biologics were 1.2%, 4.4% and 0.8%, respectively. The violations due to insufficiency of major active ingredient content occupied 76.7% among the total violations. The most frequent violated in antibiotics were ampicillin and tylosin, followed by sulfonamides, penicillins etc. In case of other drugs except antibiotics, vitamin A and glucocorticoids (dexamethasone and prednisolone) were violated frequently. The overall trend of violation rates gradually decreased from 2009 to 2012, suggesting that quality of veterinary medicines has improved according to Korea Veterinary Good Manufacturing Practice (KVGMP) system settled down in 1988.

Currently food-borne disease is being increased at outdoor food services including hotels and restaurants. Speedy and convenient practical monitoring techniques to determine hygienic conditions are needed. This study was designed to verify correlation of direct ATP (Adenosine Tri-Phosphate) examination method using ATP bioluminescence and surveillance with check-list by inspector. Hygienic status of personal hygiene (hands), kitchen utensils (knives, chopping boards, kitchen towels, cap openers, food storage containers, and blade of slice machines), facilities and equipments (refrigerator handles, worktables, and sinks) in five major hotels in Seoul were examined. The result of personal hygiene of hotels was relatively better than other inspection items (46.6 points in personal hygiene, 40.2 points in kitchen utensils, 40.3 points in facilities & equipments). In ATP inspection, kitchen utensils and facilities & equipments were relatively clean comparing with personal hands data (40.8 ± 6.77 RLU/cm²). After correlation analysis of surveillance in hygienic status points and ATP value, all results showed negative and high correlation. The surveillance data and ATP results investigating personal hygiene, kitchen utensils and facilities & equipments were highly correlated. The ATP examination method which shows real-time identification could be considered as an appropriate method to alternate current check-list dependent safety management in food services including hotels.

The Korean Institute of Technology Satellite (KITSAT-1) is the first satellite developed by the Satellite Technology Research Center and the University of Surrey. KITSAT-1 is orbiting the Earth’s orbit as space debris with a 1,320 km altitude after the planned mission. Due to its relatively small size and altitude, tracking the KITSAT-1 was a difficult task. In this research, we analyzed the tracking results of KITSAT-1 for one year using the Midland Space Radar (MSR) in Texas and the Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar (PFISR) in Alaska operated by LeoLabs, Inc. The tracking results were analyzed on a weekly basis for MSR and PFISR. The observation was conducted by using both stations at an average frequency of 10 times per week. The overall corrected range measurements for MSR and PFISR by LeoLabs were under 50 m and 25 m, respectively. The ionospheric delay, the dominant error source, was confirmed with the International Reference of Ionosphere-16 model and Global Navigation Satellite System data. The weekly basis orbit determination results were compared with two-line element data. The comparison results were used to confirm the orbital consistency of the estimated orbits.

온라인 게임은 서버와 신용할 수 없는 다수의 클라이언트들로 구성되어 있는 거대한 분산 시 스템이다. 이러한 환경에서 불량 사용자들은 자신의 클라이언트나 네트워크 패킷의 조작을 통 해 게임의 규칙에 위반되는 행위를 시도하고 게임의 흥행에 큰 악영향을 미친다. 클라이언트 기반의 해킹 탐지 방법은 클라이언트에 탐지 부담을 분배하는 장점이 있지만 우회가 용이하다 는 문제점이 있다. 반면, 서버 기반의 탐지 방법은 신용할 수 있지만 많은 자원이 소모된다. 이 에 본 논문에서는 클라이언트와 서버를 동시에 이용하는 보안 강화 방법을 제시하고자 한다. 이 방법은 서버의 부하를 최소화하면서도 쉽게 우회할 수 없는 강력한 보안을 제공할 것으로 기대된다.

This paper introduces a graphical user interface design that is aimed to apply to the surveillance and security robot, which is the pilot program for the army unmanned light combat vehicle. It is essential to consider the activities of robot users under the changing security environment in order to design the efficient graphical user interface between user and robot to accomplish the designated mission. The proposed design approach firstly identifies the user activities to accomplish the mission in the standardized scenarios of military surveillance and security operation and then develops the hierarchy of the interface elements that are required to execute the tasks in the surveillance and security scenarios. The developed graphical user interface includes input control component, navigation component, information display component, and accordion and verified by the potential users from the various skilled levels with the military background. The assessment said that the newly developed user interface includes all the critical elements to execute the mission and is simpler and more intuitive compared to the legacy interface design that was more focused on the technical and functional information and informative to the system developing engineers rather than field users.

본 논문은 재난 발생 감시 및 정찰을 위한 수상 로봇(USV, Unmanned Surface Vehicle)의 경로계획법을 다룬다. 수상에서 로봇을 운용하기 위해서는 수상 로봇의 자율적인 장애물 회피와 목적지 이동이 보장되어야한다. 본 연구에서 수상 로봇은 자율 주행을 위해 포텐셜 필드(Potential Field)를 사용한다. 포텐셜 필드는 인력과 척력의 합으로 구성된다. 포텐셜 필드는 간단한 수학적 모델로 만들 수 있고 시스템 적용에 용이하다. 하지만 기존의 포텐셜 필드를 이용한 연구는 전역좌표를 기반으로 하기 때문에 로봇이 목적지에 도달하지 못하는 지역 최소점 문제가 발생 할 수 있다. 지역 최소점은 척력 포텐셜 필드가 인력 포텐셜 필드에 영향을 미쳐서 로봇이 목적지에 도착하지 못하게 로봇의 이동을 방해한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 점을 해결하기 위해 목적지와 주변의 장애물을 로봇을 중심으로 판단하는 지역 좌표계를 사용한다. 제안된 방법은 매트랩 시뮬레이션 환경에서 평가된다.