In this study, copper oxide, manganese oxide and zeolite, clays containing catalysts were prepared to remove hydrogen sulfide emitted in odor of industry. In order to change the heat treatment temperature, a catalyst was prepared 100 degrees from 600 degrees to 1,000 degrees. GC-MS was used to confirm the hydrogen sulfide removal performance. Although the removal performance produced at 600 degrees was maintained by and large, the removal performance decreased as the temperature increased. In particular, the catalyst manufactured at 900 and 1000 degrees had low removal performance. To find out the cause of the decrease in removal performance, the analytical devices XRD, BET, XRF were used. In order to confirm the properties of the catalyst before and after adsorption, SEM-EDS and CS were used. As a result of analyzing the Cu-Mn catalyst, it was confirmed that the material was adsorbed on the surface. To confirm the adsorbent material, SEM-Mapping was employed. And it was verified that the sulfur was adsorbed. Measuring the SEM-EDS 3Point, it was confirmed to be about 25.09%. Another test method CS analyzer (Carbon/Sulfur Detector) was also deployed. As a result of the test, sulfur was confirmed to be about 27.2%. So comparing the two sets of data, it was verified that sulfur was adsorbed on the surface.

리튬이온전지는 친환경적이고 우수한 전지 성능덕분에 배터리 산업의 핵심으로 자리 잡았으며, 이에 따라 수요가 급증하고 있다. 그러나, 리튬이온전지의 수요증가는 리튬과 광물자원들의 공급문제를 초래하며, 수명이 다한 폐 리튬이온전지의 폐기방안이 아직 마련되지 않아 환경적 문제를 발생시킨다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 폐 리튬이온전지를 재활용하는 연구가 진행되고 있으며, 그 중에서도 폐 리튬이온전지에서 폐 양극 소재를 추출하여 재활용하는 다이렉트 리사이클링 연구가 주목받고 있다. 그러나, 폐 양극 소재는 오랜 충/방전으로 인해 구조적 붕괴(열화)가 발생한 상태로, 새로운 리튬이온전지에 적용을 위해서는 리튬이온전지 사용 전의 구조 즉, 층상구조로의 회복이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 이를 위해 폐 양극 소재(LiNi0.6C0.2Mn0.2O2)가 열역학적으로 층상구조를 형성하는 온도를 분석하기 위해 700 ºC, 800 ºC, 900 ºC 범위에서 XRD를 통해 구조분석을 진행하였다. 폐 양극 소재는 700 ºC와 900 ºC 대비 800 ºC 열처리 시 1.44로 가장 높은 I003/I104 value를 보였다. 또한 800 ºC 열처리 시 0.1 C 기준 비 용량이 171.3 mAh/g으로 가장 높은 것을 확인하였다. 이를 통해 우리는 열역학적으로 층상구조를 형성하는 온도를 800 ºC로 도출하였으며 폐 양극 소재의 구조를 성공적으로 복원하였다.

벗초파리(Drosophila suzukii)는 베리류 작물, 체리, 포도 등에 심각한 수확량 손실을 입히는 해충이다. 잘 알려진 훈증제인 phosphine (PH3)과 ethylformate (EF)를 저온과 병합처리 하면 벗초파리의 살충효과가 상승되는데 그 원인을 규명하고자 본 연구에서는 TUNEL assay 를 이용한 apoptosis 분석과 이차원 전기영동(2DE) 및 MALDI-TOF/TOF를 통한 벗초파리 체내 단백질 변화를 분석하였다. Apoptosis 분 석 결과, 저온과 훈증제 복합 처리구, 각각의 훈증제와 저온 단독 처리구 순으로 apoptosis가 강한 경향을 보였다. 단백질 발현 분석 결과, 약 800 개의 spot이 관찰되어 그 중 가장 변화가 큰 42개의 spot을 동정한 결과, cathepsin D과 heat shock protein 83이 훈증제와 저온 복합처리군에 서 발현이 현저히 증가했다. 이러한 결과는 훈증제와 저온 복합처리에 의한 벗초파리의 살충효과 상승작용에 대한 생리학적 변화를 확인하는 중 요한 지표가 될 수 있다.

겨울과 같은 환경에서 곤충은 생존과 번성을 위해 생리학적, 생화학적 및 행동적 메커니즘을 이용하고 있다. 대부분의 곤충은 생리학적 적응가운데 급속내한성(Rapid cold hardiness, RCH) 유기를 통해 기온이 급격히 낮아 지는 외부 환경에 대해 빠르게 적응하고 저온조건에서 생존율을 높인다. 열대거세미나방의 경우 행동적 메커니 즘을 통해 따뜻한 곳을 찾아 장거리 비행을 하며, 생존에 유리한 환경으로 이동한다. 본 연구에서는 열대거세미나 방의 생리적 월동능력과 RCH 능력에 관해 조사하였다. 그 결과, RCH에 의해 혈중 글리세롤의 농도가 증가와 체내빙결점이 하강하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, RCH(-10℃, 1h)에 노출된 2령 유충기를 대상으로 4령과 5령 유충기에 단기저온(5℃, 30min)에 노출 시 글리세롤 생합성에 관여하는 유전자(glycerol kinase 1, 2)의 발현이 RCH에 노출되지 않은 대조구와 비교하여 빠르게 발현되었다. 이는, 열대거세미나방의 유전자 수준에서 저온에 대한 단기기억이 존재하는 것을 제시한다.

This study aimed to identify and analyze the effects of both isothermal heat treatment temperature and residence time on the formation of mesophase in coal tar pitch, especially with respect to its microstructural and crystalline evolution. The formation and growth of mesophase resulted in a decrease in d002 and an increase in Lc, and the degree of such variation was larger when the isothermal heat treatment temperature was higher. In isothermally heat-treated pitch, two distinct domains were observed: less developed crystalline carbon (LDCC) and more developed crystalline carbon (MDCC). When pitch was isothermally heat-treated at 375 °C for 20 h, d002 was 4.015 Å in the LDCC and 3.515 Å in the MDCC. Higher isothermal heat-treatment temperatures accelerated the formation, growth, and coalescence of mesophase. Indeed, in the pitch specimen isothermally heat-treated at 425 °C for 20 h, d002 was 3.809 Å in the LDCC and 3.471 Å in the MDCC. The evolution of mesophase was characterized by pronounced inflection points in d002 curves. It was found that the emergence of these inflection points coincided with pronounced changes in the microstructure of mesophase. This finding confirmed the relationship between inflection points in d002 and the microstructure of mesophase.

The thermal treatment of radioactive waste attracts great attention. The thermal treatment offers lots of advantages, such as significant volume reduction, hazard reduction, increase of disposal safety, etc. There are various thermal technologies to waste. The developed technologies are calcination, incineration, melting, molten salt oxidation, plasma, pyrolysis, synroc, vitrification, etc. The off-gas treatment system is widely applied in the technologies to increase the safety and operation efficiency. The thermal treatment generates various by-product and pollutants during the process. The dust or fly ash are generated as a particulate from almost every radioactive waste. The treatment of PVC related components generates hydrogen chloride, which usually brings corrosion of facility. The treatment of rubber and spent resin generates sulfur oxide, SOx. The treatment of nitrile rubber generates nitrogen oxide, NOx. The incomplete combustion of radioactive waste usually generates carbon oxide, COx. The process temperature also affects the generation of off gas, such as NOx and/or COx. Various off gas treatment components are organized for the proper treatment of the previously mentioned materials. In this study systematical review on off gas treatment will be reported. Also, worldwide experiences and developed facility will be reported.

Although ethylformate and phosphine fumigants are widely used for pest quarantine, studies related to their mechanism of action and metabolic physiological changes in Drosophila models are still unclear. In this study, we investigated how key metabolites altered by fumigants and cold treatment are associated with and affect insect physiology by comparative metabolome analysis. Fumigant treatment significantly altered cytochrome P450 and glutathione metabolites involved in the detoxification mechanism and showed lower expression of PGF2α involved in the immune response compared to the control. Additionally, most of the metabolites functioned in metabolic pathways related to the biosynthesis of amino acids, nucleotides and cofactors.

Drosophila suzukii (Diptera, Drosophilidae) can damage thin-skinned fruits (plums, cherries, peaches, blueberries, and strawberries) by laying eggs inside the fruit. In this study, a basic experiment was conducted to investigate the preference of D. suzukii to export table grape varieties. Four varieties of grapes (Kyoho grape, Shine muscat, Campbell grape, and Black sapphire) were placed in a cage containing more than 2,500 number of D. suzukii adults for 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 hours and the egg-laying in grape has been induced. After 2 weeks, the number of pupae that emerged was counted. As a result, the largest number of pupae was generated in Kyoho grape among the four types of grapes, indicating that D. suzukii prefers to lay egg in Kyoho grape. Through this experiment, it was determined that 6 h was the appropriate inoculation time, and then an inoculation experiment was conducted on Kyoho grape. The total weight of the Kyoho grape used in the experiment was 36.119 kg, and a total of 2594 pupae were generated. The average number of D. suzukii per cluster was about 50. All stages of D. suzukii treated with low temperature(1℃) for 10 days were completely controlled.

Sweet pepper(paprika) belongs to the genus Capsicum, and is one of the most important export product from Korea to Japan and Southeast Asia. So it is important to eradicate plant quarantine pests before export sweet pepper. Aphids, whiteflies and mites are major pests that can damage to sweet peppers. Fumigation is normally used to eradicate pests in plant quarantine, but phytotoxicity may can be appeared that affect the quality of the product. Low-temperature treatment, one of the most popular physical treatment, can reduce crop damage to preserve product quality, but it takes long time to kill pests, which can cause quality degradation. In this study, phytotoxicity of fumigants, phosphine(PH3), ethyl formate(EF) and PH3+EF on sweet peppers was investigated to use as basic data for physicochemical treatment. When treated with more than 35 mg/L of EF, phytotoxicity was occurred, and was not occurred with PH3. When low-temperature of 1.7 degrees treated for 15 days after fumigation, it seems to be no direct damage from low-temperature treatment. But quality of top of sweet pepper was decreased from 7 days after fumigation.

본 연구는 국내 산림생명자원 중 광나무의 대량생산을 위한 기초연구로, Priming 처리에 따른 발아 효율성 및 유묘 생육특성에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 수행하였다. 종자 Priming처리는 대조구, GA3 (10, 100, 200 ㎎·L-1), Ca (NO3)2 (50, 100, 200 mM), KNO3 (50, 100, 200 mM)를 24시간 처리하여 발아특성을 분석하였고, 순화재배에 따른 생육특성 및 활착률을 조사하여 수확량을 비교·분석하였다. 발아특성은 25℃·KNO3 100 mM에서 발아율이 유의적으로(p<0.001) 높았으며, 평균발아일수는 10.3~18.1일로 15℃에서 대체적으로 빠른 발아일수를 나타냈다(p<0.001). 발아속도 및 발아균일지수 또한 25℃·KNO3 100 mM에서 유의적으로 높은 값을 보였다(p<0.001). 생육특성의 경우 2 5℃·KNO3 100 mM 처리에서 유근 길이(5.1±2.4 ㎝), 초장(5.7±0.7 ㎝), 근장(16.6±2.0 ㎝), 건중량(0.079 g)이 유의적으로 가장 높게 나타났다 (p<0.001). 유묘활력지수 또한 25℃·KNO3 100 mM 처리에서 1418.3으로 높았으며, 가장 높은 수확량(16.8 g/㎡)을 나타냈다. 결과적으로 25℃, KNO3 100 mM 처리 시 실내발아에서 발아효율성을 높일 수 있었으며, 순화재배 시 우수한 유묘 생육을 보여 수확량을 증진시킬 수 있었다.

Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) has a low thermal conductivity, high thermal expansion coefficient, and excellent mechanical properties; thus, it is used as a thermal barrier coating material for gas turbines. However, during long-time exposure of YSZ to temperatures of 1200oC or higher, a phase transformation accompanied by a volume change occurs, causing the YSZ coating layer to peel off. To solve this problem, YSZ has been doped with trivalent and tetravalent oxides to obtain coating materials with low thermal conductivity and suppressed phase transformation of zirconia. In this study, YSZ is doped with trivalent oxides, Nd2O3, Yb2O3, Al2O3, and tetravalent oxide, TiO2, and the thermal conductivity of the obtained materials is analyzed according to the composition; furthermore, the relative density change, microstructure change, and m-phase formation behavior are analyzed during long-time heat treatment at high temperatures.

본 연구에서는 참외과실의 수확후 식용왁스코팅처리가 과실품질 및 과골 갈변에 미치는 대사체의 변화를 분석하였다. 코코넛 오일과 밀랍 (9:1 w/w) 처리를 참외 과실표면에 코팅 후 실온 저장 7일후에 과실 품질, 에틸렌 발생량 및 호흡량을 조사하였다. 그 결과, 참외의 경도와 골갈변도는 식용코팅처리된 과실과 무처리군 사이에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 하지만, 과피색의 명도(L*), 순도(a*), 및 색상각(hue angle)은 식용왁스처리군이 무처리군에 비해 유의한 차이가 있었다. 이는 호흡량 및 에틸렌 발생량이 식용왁스처리에 의해 유의하게 낮아져 과피색이 유지된 것으로 생각된다. 식용왁스 처리에 의한 참외의 대사체 변화를 분석한 결과, gamma-aminobutyric acid, aspartate 그리고 myo-inositol 대사가 가장 유의적인 차이를 나타났으며, 특히 삼투보호제 역할을 하는 alanine, 가바(GABA)성분이 식용왁스코팅에 의해 증가하였다. 따라서, 식용왁스코팅처리는 호흡과 에틸렌 발생의 억제, 수분 스트레스 경감 등을 통해 참외의 선도 유지를 유도한 것으로 판단되며, 참외 과피색 변화 억제 등 상품성 향상에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

The precipitation effect of Al-6%Si-0.4%Mg-0.9%Cu-(Ti) alloy (in wt.%) after various heat treatments was studied using a laser flash device (LFA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Solid solution treatment was performed at 535 oC for 6 h, followed by water cooling, and samples were artificially aged in air at 180 oC and 220 oC for 5 h. The titanium-free alloy Al-6%Si-0.4%Mg-0.9%Cu showed higher thermal diffusivity than did the Al-6%Si-0.4%Mg-0.9%Cu-0.2%Ti alloy over the entire temperature range. In the temperature ranges below 200 oC and above 300 oC, the value of thermal diffusivity decreased with increasing temperature. As the sample temperature increased between 200 oC and 400 oC, phase precipitation occurred. From the results of DSC analysis, the temperature dependence of the change in thermal diffusivity in the temperature range between 200 oC and 400 oC was strongly influenced by the precipitation of θ'-Al2Cu, β'-Mg2Si, and Si phases. The most important factor in the temperature dependence of thermal diffusivity was Si precipitation.