This study investigated the factors affecting problematic drinking amongst the male university students of the Changwon area (n=367). The participants were divided into 3 groups, and undertook the self-report questionnaire survey. Based on the AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) guidelines, problematic drinking were rated as ‘no problem’ (28.8%), ‘at-risk drinking’ (41.7%), and ‘alcohol abuse’ (29.5%). Our study revealed that students living alone, indulged in more club activities, and drank more than 3 cans of carbonated drinks a day; this was significantly high on the AUDIT score (p<0.05). Participation in education was significantly higher (p<0.05), but intention to reduce the monthly alcohol consumption was significantly lower (p<0.001) in the alcohol abuse group. Recognition level of drinking cultures, drinking habits, AUDIT, and nicotine dependence were significantly higher in the alcohol abuse group (p<0.001). Recognition level of drinking cultures and nicotine dependence by the FTND (Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence) positively correlated with problematic drinking, whereas dietary guidelines and self-esteem showed a negative correlation with problematic drinking (p<0.05). Based on the results of multiple linear regression analysis, the factors affecting problematic drinking were recognition level of drinking cultures (β=0.47, p<0.001) and nicotine dependence (β=0.23, p<0.001). We conclude that implementation of health education for university students, would aid in rectifying the incorrect perception of drinking. Furthermore, both drinking and smoking should be considered simultaneously.

This study was conducted to assess effects of addition of walnuts on soy sauce quality. The pH was significantly increased by adding more than 4 percent of walnuts. As the addition of walnuts increased, Hunter’s color values and brown color increased. Total solid of soy sauce did not change significantly with the addition of walnuts. Crude fat content increased by two times in the 2 percent added walnuts group compared to the control group, but it was not dependent on the addition of walnuts. DPPH radical scavenging activity was significantly increased with the addition of walnuts. The addition of walnuts decrease saturated fatty acids and increased unsaturated fatty acids. Composition ratio of linoleic acid was highest in the control group and all the additions. These results revealed that soy sauce made with walnuts have a positive effect on functionality and preference.

This study was conducted in an effort to investigate the effect of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) on enzymatic browning of burdock and their anti-oxidant activity. The MRPs were prepared by heating glucose and amino acids at 90°C, which served to produce a strong inhibitory effect on burdock polyphenol oxidase. As the reaction time of the solution containing glucose and amino acid increased at 90°C, the production of MRPs increased and intensity of the brown color deepened. When MRPs were prepared by heating at 90°C for five hours, the absorbance of MRPs from glucose and lysine was 6.44, while those of glucose and glycine was 1.95. The MRPs synthesized from the glucose and lysine also reduced the pH of MRPs from 5.60 to 4.51, but those from glucose and glycine decreased slightly from 5.57 to 5.33. The Michealis-Menten constant value (Km) of burdock PPO with pyrocatechol as a substrate was 16.0 mM, and MRPs were a non-competitive inhibitor against burdock PPO. The anti-oxidant activity of MRPs was measured by evaluating its radical scavenging activities of DPPH radicals, ABTS radicals and reducing power. The color intensity of MRPs produced by lysine and glucose were deeper than that produced by glucose and glycine. It was also found that MRPs produced from glucose and lysine exhibited stronger anti-oxidant properties than those produced by glucose and glycine.

이산화염소(ClO2) 키트를 이용한 식품 저장시설에서의 훈증 상용화 기술개발을 위하여 저장해충들에 대한 훈증효과를 검증하였다. ㈜농심의 원주, 강릉, 안동, 순천, 광주, 전주, 제주물류센터에서 화랑곡나방 유충, 성충, 어리쌀바구미성충, 거짓쌀도둑거저리 성충, 수시렁이류 유충을 대상으로 이산화염소 훈증효과를 조사한 결과, 원주의 경우 처리구에서 3일째 화랑곡나방 성충과 수시렁이 유충 생존률이 0%였으며, 강릉도 각각 13.33, 16.6%로 낮게 나타났다.안동에서는 무처리구에서 화랑곡나방 유충과 성충의 7일째 생존률이 32, 23.33%, 처리구는 10.34, 0%, 화랑곡나방성충과 어리쌀바구미 성충의 경우 순천 처리구에서 8일째 모두 0%였으며, 광주 처리구에서는 각각 8일, 9일째0%, 전주 처리구에서도 각각 9일, 8일째 0%로 무처리구보다 생존율이 낮았다. 7곳의 물류센터에서 이산화염소처리구에서 대상해충들의 생존률이 낮게 조사되어 이산화염소의 방충효과가 있는 것으로 판단되었다.

현재 식용 및 건강보조식품 재료로 사용되고 있는 흰점박이꽃무지는 현재 전국에서 가장 많이 사육되고 있는곤충이며 계속해서 신규 사육농가가 급증하고 있다. 보통의 경우 유충 사료로 미강 등을 첨가한 발효톱밥을 사용하기때문에 사육농가에서 직접 발효할 경우 특정기술이 필요하고 발효톱밥을 구매할 경우 비용이 많이 소요된다. 버섯수확 후 배지는 총질소함량 등 영양성분이 많이 함유되어 있어 발효시키지 않아도 먹이원으로 사용할 수 있다.따라서 특정한 발효기술 없이도 사료를 제공할 수 있어 사료비용 부담을 줄이고 양호한 곤충생육을 도모할 수있을 것으로 판단되어 본 실험을 수행하였다. 버섯 수확 후 배지 급이에 따른 흰점박이꽃무지 유충의 생육특성을알아보기 위해 새송이버섯 수확 후 배지, 표고버섯 수확 후 배지, 그리고 대조구로 참나무 발효톱밥 배지를 각각급이하여 흰점박이꽃무지 유충의 생육을 조사하였다. 각 처리 당 20마리씩 개체사육, 3반복 처리한 결과, 3령 유충말기의 평균 체중은 새송이버섯 수확 후 배지를 급이한 처리구에서 가장 높게 나왔고 유충기간은 새송이버섯수확 후 배지를 급이한 처리구에서 가장 짧았으며 표고버섯 수확 후 배지에서 가장 길었다. 그러므로 흰점박이꽃무지대량 사육 시 먹이원 비용 절감을 위해 새송이버섯 수확 후 배지를 사용하는 것이 가장 효과적인 것으로 판단되었다.

이동성 해충인 벼 멸구류를 조사하기 위해 우리나라를 포함하여 아시아지역 11개국 12기관에서는 농촌진흥청아시아농식품협력협의체(AFACI) 프로그램의 지원으로 “아시아지역 이동성 벼해충 국제협력네트워크 구축”프로젝트를 수행하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 아시아지역 각국의 멸구류 포장 발생실태를 파악하기 위해 개발한 끈끈이카드를이용한 벼 멸구류 및 거미류 조사 방법을 이용하여 2013년부터 2015년까지는 충남 홍성, 경기 화성, 전북 김제와완주지역을 조사하였고, 2016년과 2017년에는 경남 밀양, 전남 신안, 전북 완주지역의 무농약 논포장에서 6월말부터9월말까지 발생동태를 조사하였다. 2017년 신안과 완주지역에서 애멸구는 50개체 정도, 밀양지역은 150개체 정도조사되었으며, 벼멸구는 신안지역에서만 8월 이후 발견되었다. 거미류는 모든 지역에서 후반기로 갈수록 개체수가증가하는 경향을 보였다.

국립공원이란 우리나라의 자연생태계나 자연 및 문화경 관을 대표할 만한 지역을 지정절차에 의해 지정된 공원을 말하는 것으로 자연공원법에서 정의하고 있다. 본 연구는 태백산국립공원을 대상으로 지정절차를 검토함과 동시에 주변 지역의 생태계나 자연 및 문화경관을 조사하여 태백산 국립공원의 구역 재조정을 위한 계획의 제안을 목적으로 수립하였다. 국립공원은 우리나라에 총 22개소가 지정되어 관리·운영 중으로 1967년 지리산국립공원을 시작으로 2016 년 태백산국립공원이 22번째로 지정되었다. 국립공원의 지 정은 자연공원법 제4조 및 제4조의2에 의한 절차에 의해 지정된다. 환경부장관이 지정·관리하도록 하고 있으며 지정 을 위해서는 지정대상 지역의 자연생태계, 생물자원, 경관 의 현황·특성, 지형, 토지 이용 상황 등 지정에 필요한 사항 을 조사하여야 한다. 이때 조사되는 필요한 사항은 자연공 원법 제7조 및 동법 시행령 제3조로 규정하고 있다. 국립공 원 지정을 위한 절차는 4단계로 볼 수 있으며 이는 필요한 사항을 조사한 자료를 바탕으로 진행된다. 1단계는 주민설명회 및 공청회의 개최로 지정하고자 하 는 지역과 인근 주민들의 의견을 청취하는 단계이다. 국립 공원 경계와 계획이 포함된 내용을 바탕으로 하여 진행하는 데 공청회 전 해당 지역주민들과의 사전소통이 중요하다. 이는 사실상 공청회만으로 국립공원 지정에 대한 이해를 설명할 수 없기 때문으로 볼 수 있으며 원활한 절차 이행을 위해 반드시 필요한 절차라고 볼 수 있다. 지역주민의 효율 적 이해증진을 위해 선진지를 견학하는 등 다양한 방법으로 소통을 도모한다. 2단계는 관할 특별시장·광역시장·특별자 치시장·도지사 또는 특별자치도지사(이하 “시·도지사”라고 한다) 및 시장·군수 또는 자치구의 구청장(이하“군수”라고 한다)의 의견청취로 관할 지자체 관련부서의 의견청취를 통 해 계획을 조정하는 단계이다. 1단계 후 계획을 조정하여 진행하며 향후 관리·운영의 현실성을 위해 다양한 관련부서 의견을 수렴한다. 3단계는 관계 중앙행정기관의 장과의 협 의로 국립공원의 지정 및 관리·운영에 관련되는 기관과 의 견조율을 하는 절차이다. 일반적으로 기획재정부, 국방부, 행정안전부, 문화체육관광부, 농림축산식품부, 국토교통부, 산림청, 문화재청 및 그 외 필요한 기관과 추가적으로 협의 를 진행하며 예산반영, 타 규제지역과의 충돌방지, 중앙산 지관리위원회 심의 등 타 법에 의한 절차이행 등을 검토·협 의한다. 마지막 4단계는 국립공원위원회의 심의로 자연공 원법 제9조에 의해 설치·구성된 국립공원위원회의 심의를 통해 국립공원으로의 타당성을 최종 판단하는 단계이다. 태 백산국립공원은 국립공원 지정절차를 약15개월의 기간 동 안 진행하여 지정되었다. 태백산국립공원은 강원도 태백시, 영월군, 정선군, 경상 북도 봉화군에 걸쳐 70.052㎢의 면적으로 지정되어 있으며 장군봉, 검룡소, 만항재, 천제단 등 경관 및 문화자원, 매, 삵, 담비 등 멸종위기종이 분포하는 자원의 보고로 기존 태 백산도립공원, 백두대간보호지역, 문화재보호구역 등 기존 보호지역 성격을 가진 지역·지구·구역 등을 중심으로 지정 되었다. 최초 태백산을 국립공원으로 지정하기 위하여 검토 한 면적은 약 126㎢로 지정·고시된 면적보다 약 56㎢가 많 으며 백두대간을 잇는 지리적 특성과 정암사 등 사찰, 백운 산, 어라연을 중심으로 한 동강 등 주변의 수려한 자원분포 상황을 고려할 경우 비교적 협소하게 지정되었다 할 수 있 다. 현재의 태백산국립공원 지역에 당초 지정 계획 구역을 포함시키고, 동강유역의 생태경관보전지역을 포함시켜, 산 악과 하천을 포함시켜 ‘태백산·동강국립공원’으로 확대 지 정하는 것이 바람직 할 것으로 판단된다.

오세아니아 지역의 호주, 폴리네시아 및 뉴칼레도니아 등에 분포하는 퀸즐랜드과실파리(Bactrocera tryoni)는온대, 아열대성 곤충으로 최소 49 과에 속하는 많은 식물을 가해하여 이 지역에서 큰 피해를 주고 있으며, 우리나라에침입할 경우 사과, 복숭아, 토마토 등 주요 작물에 큰 피해를 줄 수 있는 해충이다. 퀸즐랜드과실파리 등 여러과실파리류의 우리나라에의 침입 및 정착을 억제하고 침입시 효율적으로 대처하기 위하여 농림축산검역본부 및농림수산식품기술기획평가원에서 주관하는 “금지급 검역해충 과실파리류 침입 대비 국가 위기대응 시스템 개발”과제의 일환으로 퀸즐랜드과실파리를 조기에 탐지할 수 있도록 상시예찰법을 개발하고, 이들이 발견 또는 발생했을경우에 대한 사전 준비, 위해성 평가 등 종합적으로 대처하기 위한 대응 매뉴얼을 개발하였다. 본 발표에서는퀸즐랜드과실파리의 행동 및 생태, 그리고 이를 탐지하고 대처하는 방안들을 제시한다.

The objective of this study was to increase the efficiency of starch extraction from potato sludge by different concentration of food-grade hemicellulase. The potato sludge, which is a by-product of potato processing industry, was treated with food-grade hemicellulase. Starch extraction efficiency displayed no significant difference in hemicellulase concentration. The purities of potato starch increased from 83.40 to 95.91, 97.44, 95.58, and 97.79%, with treated 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, and 1.5% hemicellulase, respectively. The physicochemical properties of the starches, such as granule structure, particle size, pasting, and thermal transition, were not affected by the concentration of hemicellulase. These results indicate that food-grade hemicellulase treatment is an efficient method for starch extraction from potato sludge.

식물 및 동물성 단백질 유래 펩타이드 형태의 단백질 가수 분해물들은 항산화, 고혈압 완화, 면역조절, 진통완화 및 항균작용 등 생리활성이 있는 것으로 알려져 왔다. 본 연구는 연산오계란 단백질 가수 분해물을 Ultrafiltration를 이용하여 HDS(분획되지 않은 가수 분해물), 1 kDa, 5 kDa, 10 kDa, 50 kDa로 분획된 기능성 펩타이드의 DPPH radical scavenging activity, superoxide anion radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity 및 Fe2+ chelation ability을 평가하였다. 그 결 과 DPPH radical scavenging activity 최대값은 1 kDa(70.83 %), hydroxyl radical scavenging activity 최대값은 5 kDa (47.01 %), superoxide anion radical scavenging activity 최대값은 5 kDa(40.57 %), Fe2+ chelation ability 최대값은 5 kDa(29.87 %)로 나타났다. Ultrafiltration를 이용하여 fractionation된 단백질 가수 분해물의 항산화 저해 능력 IC50 평가하였다. 그 결과 HDS의 최대값은 superoxide anion radical scavenging activity(IC50, 5.42 mg/ml)이고, 1 kDa의 최대값은 Fe2+ chelation ability(IC50, 1.67 mg/ml)이고, 5 kDa의 최대값은 Fe2+ chelation ability(IC50, 2.09 mg/ml)이고, 10 kDa의 최대값은 Fe2+ chelation ability(IC50, 2.61 mg/ml)이고, 50 kDa의 최대값은 Fe2+ chelation ability(IC50, 4.53 mg/ml)이 다. 그러므로 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 5 kDa를 이용하여 오계란 단백질에서 분획한 펩타이드는 항산 화 기능성 식품소재로서 활용할 가치가 높을 것으로 기대한다.

식물 및 동물성 단백질 유래 펩타이드 형태의 단백질 가수 분해물들은 항산화, 고혈압 완화, 면역조절, 진통완화 및 항균작용 등 생리활성이 있는 것으로 알려져 왔다. 본 연구는 6가지 프로티아제 를 이용하여 오계란 단백질 가수분해물을 생산하고, 생산된 펩타이드의 항산화 능력을 평가하였다. 그 결과 가수분해도의 최대값은 protamex(46.3%)이고, DPPH 라디칼 소거능 최대값은 bromelain(57.23%), 하이드록시 라디칼 소거능 최대값은 alcalase(30.21%), 슈퍼옥사이드 라디칼 소거능 최대값은 alcalase(58.07%), Fe2+ 킬레이션 능력 최대값은 alcalase(72.06%)로 나타났다. 더 나아가 효소별 항산화 저해 능력 IC50 평가하였다. 그 결과 alcalase에 의한 최대값은 금속 킬레이션 눙력(IC50, 1.24 mg/mL) 이고, bromelain에 의한 최대값은 DPPH 소거능(IC50, 2.46 mg/mL)이고, flavourzyme에 의한 최대값은 금속 킬레이션 능력(IC50, 1.25 mg/mL)이고, neutrase에 의한 최대값은 DPPH 소거능(IC50, 3.64 mg/mL)이고, papain에 의한 최대값은 DPPH 소거능(IC50, 3.82 mg/mL)이고, protamex에 의한 최대값 은 DPPH 소거능(IC50, 1.93 mg/mL)이었다. 따라서 protease를 이용하여 오계란 단백질에서 추출한 펩 타이드는 항산화 기능성 식품소재로서 활용할 가치가 높을 것으로 기대한다.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of microencapsulation on the water absorption, DPPH radical scavenging activity (DRSA), hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (HRSA) and tyrosinase inhibition activity (TIA) in corn silk extracts. The lowest value (0.20) of water absorption index (WAI) and the highest value (95.23%) of water solubility index (WSI) were maltodextrin+cyclodextrin microencapulated corn silk extracts (MD+CD) and cyclodextrin encapulated corn silk extracts (CD), respectively. The 18.60% for DRSA value of control was increased to 89.25% for that of CD. The 16.89% for HRSA value of control was increased to 47.46%, and 7.16% for TIA value of control was increased to 39.35% for that of MD+CD, respectively. The MD+CD would be used for functional food and cosmetics materials as antioxidant and skin whitening agents. All investigated responses between control and treatment were statistically significant (p<0.05).

This study was conducted to certify the effect of aqueous extracts from fifty medicinal plants on the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in vitro. Each aqueous extract was prepared by combining one-part medicinal plants with twenty-parts distilled water at 80°C for 8 h. Among the fifty medicinal plants, Allium sativum L. and Cinnamomum cassia Presl were regarded as an effective anti-hangover substance. Allium sativum L. extract increased ALDH activity more than 2 times compared with ADH activity, enhancing the acetaldehyde degradation. Cinnamomum cassia Presl extract dramatically inhibited ADH activity compared with ALDH activity, thus potently decreasing the acetaldehyde formation. ADH and ALDH activities were proportionally inhibited according to the increased concentration of Cinnamomum cassia Presl extract. The aqueous extract of Cinnamomum cassia Presl at a concentration of 45.33 μg/mL inhibited ADH activity by 52.8% and ALDH activity by 11.0%.

Curcumin have various health-beneficial properties in numerous studies. However, its bioavailability is low due to its limited intestinal uptake and rapid metabolism. This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of newly developed sub-micron particle curcumin with increased water dispersibility (Theracurmin® CR-033P). Plasma curcumin levels were measured at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 h after Theracurmin® CR-033P intake using high-performance liquid chromatography. For analyzing pharmacokinetics of Theracurmin® CR-033P, eighteen healthy subjects were recruited and received Theracurmin® CR-033P at a single oral dose containing curcumin 30 mg. Cmax was 28.14 ng/ml, and the area under the curve for 8 h was estimated to be 104.36 ng/ml. Based on the area under the plasma concentration (AUC), the bioavailability of sub-micron particle curcumin was higher 22-, 35-, 28-fold than native curcumin in men, women, and all subjects, respectively. For comparing by formulation, seven healthy subjects were recruited and received two type of treatment: (1) existing dosage form 300 mg (contained curcumin 30 mg) × 3 capsule, (2) high dosage form 300 mg (contained curcumin 90 mg) × 1 capsule + placebo 300 mg × 2 capsule. In the cross-over study, there was no significant differences in Cmax and AUC of plasma curcumin. In conclusion, submicron particle curcumin with increased water dispersibility significantly improved its oral bioavailability and women absorbed curcumin more effectively than men. Different formulation of Theracurmin® CR-033P has shown equivalent to the reference in terms of pharmacokinetics.

To improve dispersibility of cereal powder without additives, granulation of cereal powder was conducted using fluidized- bed granulator. Operation condition was sample 300 g, internal temperature 40°C, ventilation speed 30-90 m3/ h, inlet temperature 90°C and spray pressure 2.5 bar. The amount of distilled water (20-45%) as binder, granulation time (10-15 min) and drying time (3-10 min) were controlled. Mean diameter over volume (Brouckere mean, D4,3) was increased from 123 μm to 263 μm and dispersibility was improved from 73% to 92.25% at experiment conditions. Wettability (wetting time) was drastically decreased from 5,000 second to 7 second. Granulation of cereal powder did not affect sinkability and mean diameter over volume as wet analysis was about the same between raw and granulated cereals. Such phenomenon means that granulation with only water as binder enables cereal powder to disperse in water or milk without rapid sedimentation.

This study was designed to optimize ethanol extraction process of unfertilized corn silk (UCS) to maximize phytochemical contents and bioactivities. The response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD) was employed to obtain the optimal extraction conditions. The influence of ethanol concentration, extraction temperature and extraction time on total polyphenol contents, total flavonoid contents, maysin contents, 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging activities and tyrosinase inhibition were analyzed. For all dependable variables, the most significant factor was ethanol concentration followed by extraction temperature and extraction time. The following optimum conditions were determined by simultaneous optimization of several responses with the Derringer’s desirability function using the numerical optimization function of the Design-Expert program: ethanol concentration 80.45%, extraction temperature 53.49°C, and extraction time 4.95 h. Under these conditions, the predicted values of total polyphenol contents, total flavonoid contents, maysin contents, DPPH radical scavenging activity and tyrosinase inhibition were 2758.74 μg GAE/g dried sample, 1520.81 μg QUE/g dried sample, 810.26 mg/100g dried sample, 56.86% and 43.49%, respectively, and the overall desirability (D) was 0.74.

Caesalpinia sappan L. is an oriental medicinal plant distributed in the Asia Pacific region including India, Malaysia, and China. The dried heartwood of Caesalpinia sappan has been traditionally used as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug. In this study, the effects of extract methods of C. sappan on contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxic activity were evaluated. As a result, hot water extract from C. sappan (CSWE) significantly exhibited contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids (22.6 mg GAE/g and 14.5 mg QE/g) higher than 70% ethanol extract (CSEE) (17.6 mg GAE/g and 13.2 mg QE/g). However, CSEE showed greater antioxidant activity than CSWE in both DPPH and ABTS. Also, the cytotoxicity of C. sappan against three kinds of cancer cell lines was higher in CSEE than in CSWE. These results show that ethanol extract is a better extract method than hot water method to maintain antioxidant and anti-cancer activities.

The acidity of soy curd fermented by lactic acid bacteria is a major factor degrading the sensory properties of soy curd. For preparation of soy curd with low sour taste, lactic acid bacteria were separated from kimchi. The lactic acid bacteria which showed yellow-clear zone around the colonies on BCP plate and formed soy curd with low level of acidity were selected. The selected strain was analyzed by 16S rDNA sequence and named as Pediococcus inopinatus Y2. The maximum viable cell number of the soy curd fermented by P. inopinatus Y2 was obtained at 10.73 log CFU/mL at 25°C for 24 h of fermentation. By the results of panel test, the overall sensory quality of the soy curd produced by P. inopinatus Y2 was higher than that of Leuconostoc mesenteroides No. 4395 and Lactobacillus sakei strain No. 383.

Scaffolds of cell substrates are biophysical platforms for cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. They ultimately play a leading-edge role in the regeneration of tissues. Recent studies have shown the potential of bioactive scaffolds (i.e., osteo-inductive) through 3D printing. In this study, rice bran-derived biocomposite was fabricated for fused deposition modeling (FDM)-based 3D printing as a potential bone-graft analogue. Rice bran by-product was blended with poly caprolactone (PCL), a synthetic commercial biodegradable polymer. An extruder with extrusion process molding was adopted to manufacture the newly blended “green material.” Processing conditions affected the performance of these blends. Bio-filament composite was characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Mechanical characterization of bio-filament composite was carried out to determine stress-strain and compressive strength. Biological behaviors of bio-filament composites were also investigated by assessing cell cytotoxicity and water contact angle. EDX results of bio-filament composites indicated the presence of organic compounds. These bio-filament composites were found to have higher tensile strength than conventional PCL filament. They exhibited positive response in cytotoxicity. Biological analysis revealed better compatibility of r-PCL with rice bran. Such rice bran blended bio-filament composite was found to have higher elongation and strength compared to control PCL.

Most of the red ginseng (RG) products contain active substances derived from hot water or alcohol extraction. Since active substances of RG are divided into two two types: water-soluble and liposoluble, water or alcohol is needed as an extraction solvent and this leads the different extraction yields and components of the active substances. To overcome the limit, whole red ginseng powder can be used and consumed by consumers. In this study, the physicochemical properties and extractable active substance contents of variable-sized RG powder (158.00 μm, 8.45 μm, and 6.33 μm) were analyzed, and dispersion stability was measured to investigate the suitable size of RG powder for industrial processing. In the results, no significant difference was found from the changes in color intensity and thiobarbutric acid tests at 4°C, 25°C, and 40°C for 4 weeks. There was no significant difference on the production of antioxidants and ginsenoside among the samples (p>0.05). In dispersion stability, RG-158.00 μm was precipitated immediately, and the dispersion stabilities between RG-8.45 μm and RG-6.33 μm showed no significant difference. It implies that fine RG is suitable for the production process. With further study, it seemed that the physicochemical effects of RG particle sizes can be clearly revealed.