The purpose of cooperation is to obtain mutual benefit. The basic process on cooperation is exchanging something that an individual cannot product. It means that cooperation can be decomposed into two processes: give and take. So, social network combined with give and take process becomes a complex system that represents cooperation. However, there was no method to measure cooperation numerically based on the complex system model before. Online messenger is an appropriate tool because it works on social network. With the number of messages sent or received on messenger, cooperative score is measurable in real time. To do it, the following three elements should be considered. First, cooperation means that both give and take need to be equally distributed among people in an organization. This measurement is available from entropy in information theory. However, without the amount of activity in give and take process, the equal distribution is not enough to present cooperative score. Last, the biased activity with a large amount of activity must be inhibited. Without the third element, only competition is led for selfish benefit. The example in the paper shows that cooperative score equation is proper to be applied if there are countable information in give and take process. With this cooperative scoring system, organizations could easily detect cooperativeness among teams and employee in real time.

Computer graphics technique with which two dimensional black and white characters used to be displayed on a monitor in the early period, has now been developed to display three dimensional color images on a mobile terminal. In particular, owing to technique growth in graphics, non-photo realistic rendering technique has grown to express non-photo realistic images as well as realistic rendering. Non-photo realistic rendering technique grows to be motion graphic technique. With the growth of motion graphic technique, it can be possible to produce various expressions and effects. This study proposes a way of turning three dimensional images into two dimensional cartoon look. Two dimensional cartoon look, a type of pictorial expression appeals to emotions, and is in great demand at advertisement, mobile and cartoon. Thus, this study not only changes three dimensional images into two dimensional cartoon look, but also numerous images can be expressible in one page by applying PIP (Picture In Picture) technique, and expressions of cartoons are to be reproduced in turning pages automatically by applying ‘page turn’ technique. Accordingly, it is believed that this content production technique can be applicable in various fields including game, advertisement, cartoons, etc.

This paper presents a new polyomino tiling algorithm for three-dimensional surface geometric model. We first apply surface subdivision to the input polygonal mesh or subdivision surface mesh. Then we construct a random Hamiltonian path to connect all subdivided input mesh. This path is used to build initial polyomino tiling on the original input mesh. Finally we apply random polyomino exchanging to the polyomino tiling to get more uniform occurrence of each polyomino types. Our method is applicable to construct three-dimensional puzzle and we show the results of proposed algorithm on three-dimensional mesh data.

Data mining and game sounds classification prerequisite to find a compact but effective set of features in the overall problem-solving process. As a preprocessing step of data mining, feature selection has tuned to be very efficient in reducing its dimensionality and removing irrelevant data at hand. In this paper we cast a feature selection problem on rough set theory and a conditional entropy in information theory and present an empirical study on feature analysis for classical instrument classification. An new definition of a significance of each feature using rough set theory based on rough entropy is proposed. Our results suggest that further feature analysis research is necessary in order to optimize feature selection and achieve better results for the musical instrument sound classification problem through Weka’s classifiers. The results show that the performance of the best 17 selected features among 37 features has 3.601 compared to 2.332 in standard deviation and 94.667 compared to 96.935 in average with four classifiers.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the singularity of visual encyclopedia applications which utilize digital images with gameness and storytelling as the center. Due to the popularization of smart devices, visual encyclopedia applications are actively used in education. In the case of the visual encyclopedia applications, while they inherit some features of paperback visual encyclopedia, they make use of interactive features of the smart media. After analyzing information reconstruct method of the visual encyclopedia applications which distinguish between applications and paperback, this paper extracts the characteristics of interactive storytelling. In this process, the analysis of this paper focuses on themes and play elements that have been extended by visual encyclopedia applications through the digital virtual theory which is Vilem Flusser suggested. Therefore, visual encyclopedia applications provide new educational experiences by providing the method of reproduction and configuration of information through the interactive participation of infant, which was limited to intertextual participation in existing paperback visual encyclopedias.

On July 30, 2012, Kakao Talk of Kakao Co., Ltd has pioneered a mobile platform SNG market for the first time in the country along with the launch of ‘Kakao Game Center’. While Kakao Talk has released a puzzle game called ‘Anipang’ at the time of launching the Kakao Game Center, it has recorded a DAU value exceeding 8 million at the most by dominating the domestic mobile game market for smart phones right after being released. However, a sudden decrease of DAU was shown starting September 4th which is not even two month after being released and the defection of DAU continues to occur. This is a condition which is different from the Facebook SNG which is a computer platform based SNG where the DAU is steadily maintained until now. This study attempts to analyze the cause of such conditions through the comparison between Facebook SNG and Kakao Talk SNG representing each of computer platform based SNG and mobile platform based SNG to present an important reference point for the game creators who are preparing for the participation of mobile platform based SNG industry in the future through this analysis.

One of the oldest board games in the world is the game of Go which is originated at least more than 2,500 years ago. In spite of its long history, the theoretical studies concerning to Go openings are still insufficient. We firstly used related-samples t-test using SPSS to the three countries' Go mean openings to find out their similarities and differences. Experimental result shows that there are no significant differences (p=.959) between Korean and Chinese mean openings, but meanwhile, there are just some slight similarities (p=.061) between Korean and Japanese mean openings. We secondly applied PCA and LDA classifiers with Euclidean distance to correctly classify a pro player's opening into his/her class obtained from the training openings. Result shows that the recognition rate (42.1%) of dependent LDA classifier is much better than that (27.9%) of PCA classifier; and also that dependent LDA classifier outperforms independent LDA classifier with the recognition rate of 35.0% .

Education and Game are the main keyword for the future society. Many countries are taking notice of these to improve the competitive power of their countries. Educational Game is not Education for Game but Game for Education. By the way, there are many definitions for the Educational Game and many discourse about the relations between Education and Game. It is necessary and meaningful to discourse about setting of relations between Education and Game in this point of the time. Generally, some former studies are focused on functions of Education using Game but this study tried to back to the basic with discoursing about the definition of Education and Game itself. Finally, this study drove the definition of Pedagogical from discourses among Education, Game and Educational Game. Educational Games are going to be developed plenty but we get some problems for adjusting the balance between the goal for the Game and the goal for the Education or blending game elements for the fun with cognitive knowledges which are learned during game play. Pedagogical Game can give some suggestions to solve these kind of problems or to make you back to the basic discourse between Education and Game.

국가표준식품성분표의 국가 영양 모니터링, 국가식품정 책 및 규제에 중요한 역할을 하며, 사용자는 정부기관, 소비 자 단체, 식품 산업기관, 레스토랑, 무역단체, 소프트웨어 응 용 프로그램 관리자, 병원, 학계 등 다양하게 사용되어진다. 이러한 데이터베이스의 제공은 1970년부터 이루어졌으며, 국 제기구(FAO/INFOODS, International Network of Food Data Systems)로부터 극동아시아지역 식품영양성분 데이터시스템 (NEASIAFOODS, Northeast Asia Food Data Systems)의 대한민 국 대표기관으로 지정 받아 농촌진흥청에서 이루어지고 있 다. 1970년부터 5년 주기로 발간되어 2011년 제8개정판까지 출판된 국가표준식품성분표를 비롯하여 생리활성물질 규명 을 위한 기능성성분표와 소비자 맞춤형 식품성분표를 발간 하고 있다. 국가표준식품성분표는 누구나 이용할 수 있도록 농식품종 합정보시스템을 통해 공개되어 왔으며, 단순 정보의 검색 및 활용을 넘어서 이용자에 의해 특별한 목적으로 활용되고자 할 경우, “기술이전”이라는 절차를 통해 정보 제공되어 왔다. 정식으로 기술이전 절차를 통해 데이터가 활용된 것은 2006 년이 처음으로 영양교육자료 제작을 목적으로 실시되었으며, 이후 현재까지 73건이 실시되었다. 이를 바탕으로 체중감량 및 비만예방 등 영양관리 콘텐츠 개발을 위한 게임 또는 스마 트용 소프트웨어 개발 분야에도 활용되어지며, 국내 농식품 의 국내․외 유통 품질인증 자료로써 기능을 부여하여 농식 품 수출지원 및 상품화 지원이 가능하다. 농촌진흥청은 국가기관으로서 식품성분데이터의 효율적 인 관리를 통해 전문성 및 대내외 위상 제고와 함께 수요자 및 현장중심의 실시간 업무 지원시스템 구축으로 양질의 식 품성분 데이터베이스를 생산하고 서비스화하고자 한다. 또한 고객 맞춤형 영양정보 제공 및 다양한 식품성분표 활용 콘텐 츠 개발로 수요자 요구를 충족시킬 수 있도록 해야 할 것이다. 위의 내용으로 볼 때 국가식품성분표는 국가 및 개인, 업 체, 학계 등에서 중요하게 사용되어진다. 따라서 앞으로 여러 다양한 분야와 적극적인 협동을 통해 정확하고 우리나라 실 정에 맞는 국가식품성분표를 만들기 위해 더욱 노력해야 할 것이다.

The article 18 of game review regulation has some problems related to mandate of upper law; it violates the limit of mandate of upper law and judicial power. The article 2 of Game industry promotion law defines the concept of ‘gambling behavior’. But the article 18 of game review regulation includes behaviors which are not included in the article 2 to regulate them. Court should have the power to interpret which is ‘gambling behavior’ or not; according to the article 18 of game review regulation, the game rating board has the power to interpret which is ‘gambling behavior’ or not. According to the revision of Game industry promotion law, rating rejection to the violation of Game industry promotion law is possible. Minor violation of law as to business regulation should not be considered as the reason of rating rejection. Therefore, The revision of game law has probability of violating Constitution principle such as proportion rule.

LIVE/DEAD® BacLight™ and alamarBlue® are fluorescent materials used for the enumeration of live and dead bacteria. LIVE/DEAD® BacLight™ is generally used for confocal microscopy applications to differentiate live from dead bacteria in a biofilm or planktonic state. AlamarBlue® has also been used widely to assay live and dead bacteria in a planktonic state. Whilst these materials are successfully utilized in experiments to discriminate live from dead bacteria for several species of bacteria, the application of these techniques to oral bacteria is limited to the use of LIVE/ DEAD® BacLight™ in biofilm studies. In our present study, we assessed whether these two methods could enumerate live and dead oral bacterial species in a planktonic state. We tested the reagents on Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Enterococcus faecalis and found that only LIVE/DEAD® BacLight™ could differentiate live from dead cells for all five of these oral strains. AlamarBlue® was not effective in this regard for P. gingivalis or A. actinomycetemcomitans. In addition, the differentiation of live and dead bacterial cells by alamarBlue® could not be performed for concentrations lower than 2 × 106 cells/ml. Our data thus indicate that LIVE/DEAD® BacLight™ is a more effective reagent for this analysis.

This study challenges constitutional problems of the identification regulation on online web-board Games, which is about to be reviewed by Ministry of Government Legislation. The regulation comprises imposition of duty for online web-board game publisher to identify every game user whenever the game user plays or accesses the online web-board game. The regulation is deemed to be unconstitutional because 1) it is not an effective mean to prevent online web-board game from being misused as gambling 2) it violates free speech right, right on personal information as well as privacy. As the Constitutional Court of Korea has already decided that internet real-name system, which imposed identification duty online bulletin board, is unconstitutional, any regulator or legislator should not use identification regulation without eliminating its unconstitutionality.

Interpretation of the laws governing speculation in Korea has been discussed primarily based on the judiciary judgment over the concept of speculation where the courts and statutes have been consistent in applying the existence of “cash convertibility” as the criterion in determining the speculative nature of an activity. This has applied to the Korean gaming regulations in such a way that a game is to be prohibited if it meets this speculative condition but allowed otherwise. But amendments of the Game Industry Promotion Act’s enforcement ordinance in 2013 to prohibit “auto-play” etc., has brought out a new political problem in the government’s regulation against speculation in online poker games, as the new amendment was devised to prevent excess-use by the users of online poker games that do not meet the definition of speculation such as gambling, under the existing provisions. This study examines and tests the banning of “auto-play” that would not be suitable for Online games. And it shows the ineffectiveness and lots of side effects that game industries confront on many aspects.

The matching system of online games is important factor that determines enjoy the game with others and defines the features of the online game itself. In this regard, Regulation to force the random matching of Web-based board game that has recently been made in Korea, have some problems in terms of both the development and use. First of all, regulation directly to the matching method, shall preclude the development of a creative matching system in social game environment . In addition, the antipathy of fun and discomfort of the game use is a concern in the position of the user. Games for direct regulation affecting the development and use as much considering it prudent approach is required.

In general, a wagering is deemed a form of gambling when it has the element of betting on properties. Also, any game that leads to financial loss or gain based on its outcome is also interpreted as a form of gambling. However, what if there is no loss or gain of profit in property? In Korea, this kind of non gambling game is widely called Web Board Game. In recent years, Korea’s game industry has become the new engine for economic growth and positioned itself as the symbol of a successful cultural content. However, despite all this, the popular media has accused game as the cause of gambling. And every year the government is coming out with new regulations that woule be seriously affecting the whole game industry and game developer's life. The most recent regulations are coming from Amendments of Game Industry Promotion Act's Implementing Ordinance in the year of 2013. This study examines and tests the Problem of "webboard-game's daily limit regulation" which is known as the most difficult for developers to materialize from these 2013 years amendments of regulations. And it shows the effectiveness and provides an alternative direction for game development.

In recent years, the government is trying to regulate the web board games - poker, gostop etc. with the amendment of the executive order regarding the game law. The main regulation of this order is to regulate the maximum amount of betting the game as a ten thousand won per game and a hundred thousand won a day. if these are not obeyed, the gamer and game company will be punished. Therefore, these regulations need to be reviewed in terms of legal issues with a strict examination. However the regulation on the limits of betting in a game seems not to be justified with the constitutional standards - the principle of apparentness (definitude), the principle banning excessive enforcement when restricting the basic rights of people - in this case, the general human rights and liberties to act of gamers and the freedom of profession and speech of game operators(company). It is also questioned that it might infringe the essense of the legal institution of game and rights, and cause the paradox of excessive regulation.

We advocate the principles of the Constitution and is a nation of culture. As a result, all the people have the right to enjoy culture has been granted freely and equally. This is in the form of cultural autonomy that would guarantee. To deny this, to deny the constitutional values th at have no difference. In the game, however, at least two of these values is being denied is self-evident. Then look at the game time does the two became popularly? Regulatory policies on these questions about the game and the reason that it will view. The origin of game regulations that will, among other things, Game Rating Classification. But never the meaning of the classification system is not negative. In other words, Game software for the hearing to proceed in the process of classification for a substantial review of the Game software through a variety of information, and the information provided to users of this role is because available at the time of classification issued by account per social security number and billing information is available about the limit. Payment limit based on the game that you can find in the law in the sense that beyond the limits of delegated legislation, including criticism that is raised. Game software is also limited by the other cultural industries, cultural content related laws do not exist in the culture of regulation by the government thinks is good example. Culture of our country which professes national constitutional principles Game software for the typical culture in value can be regulated for the payment limit will be discussed.

The international standard of ISO/IEC 19774 H-Anim (Humanoid Animation) defines the hierarchical structure and modeling data of a human for the generation of human animation. A common character data format is necessary in order to share and exchange characters between different applications, including gaming applications. H-Anim can be used for this purpose, and is progressing towards further standardization of new functionalities. This paper describes the modeling and animation method of a game character based on H-Anim using a general graphics tool. It also describes an algorithm to convert from H-Anim WRL, the output file generated by the general graphics tool, to H-Anim X3D based on the H-Anim specification. In addition, an experiment is described that shows compatibility of the designed H-Anim character with a general X3D browser. General behavior animations applied directly to the H-Anim character are also included.

This research has analyzed the functional effect on creativity and community sense of children by playing games. The games have positive effects on various fields with social and cultural category. Categorized by discipline effect, learning effect, family effect, remedy effect, prevention and diagnosis effect, the functionality of playing games each has a positive role to improve creativity, imagination, independence, openness and adventure of children and to inspire consciousness of membership and interaction, parts of community sense of children. The research about functionality of the games will contribute to develop new programs not only for children but also for other various subjects and provide a chance to study a positivity of using games.