Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) is the second most widely cultivated species of millet, especially in East Asia and is a tractable experimental model crop for studying functional genomics of millets. However, insufficient researches had been conducted about the foxtail millet germplasm and is significantly impeding its genetic improvement. We attempted to develop EST-derived-SSR (eSSR) markers and utilize them in genetic comparison of germplasm and transferability. A total of 66,027 foxtail millet EST sequences and 42,754 genomic sequence were deduced transcriptom. Approximately 42,000 single tone contigs were generated using DNAstar 5.0 software for redundancy minimization. Nearly 33% of the 14,012 unigenes contained SSRs, but primers were designed for a total of 314 microsatellites concentrating with more than 24 bp of repeats. A total of 314 primers were successfully designed with more than 24 bp of repeats. From these microsatellites, 56 primer pairs were showed polymorphism with over than 15 bp differences among 96 accessions collected from different countries. Polymorphic information content (PIC) value ranged from 0.020 to 0.700 with an average of 0.381 indicating moderate level of informativeness within these EST-SSRs markers. The EST-SSR markers developed in this study will serve as a useful source for genetic studies, such as genetic variability, transferability, association mapping, and molecular breeding

Bulb onion (Allium cepa), which belongs to the family Amaryllidaceae, is one of the oldest vegetative crops known to humans. Despite its high economic value, only a few reports are available on the use of molecular markers in genetic diversity analysis of Allium cepa for its improvement. Molecular genetic markers have been widely used as powerful tools for analyzing the plant genome. In particular, Microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers are tandem repeats of one to six bp in length and have been proven to be the most powerful polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based DNA markers in plant diversity analysis. In this study, the genomic DNA was isolated from different Allium cepa lines. The ESTs and gDNA sequences of onion were collected from National Center for Biotechnology information. The SSRs with two to five motifs over a length of 12 bp, were identified using SSRIT (Gramene) software. The PCR products of 100 to 350 bp in length containing SSRs, primers was designed using Primer3 with lengths of 20 to 24 bp and a melting temperature of 60℃. The SSR markers with high polymorphism-information content (PIC) levels was useful for collecting progeny with high genetic homogeneity for onion breeding, and to obtain representative marker sets for genetic tests. The SSR Finder program and the developed SSR markers could be a useful resource for genetic diversity and purity testing in onion.

Drought is a one of the most serious abiotic stresses limiting rice production. However, little progress has been made in the genetic analysis of drought tolerance, because it is a complex trait controlled by a number of genes and affected by various environmental factors. The most efficient method for drought tolerance breeding is using drought tolerance genetic resources. We used a doubled-haploid (DH) population consist of 101 lines derived from a cross the drought tolerant cultivar ‘Samgang’ and the drought sensitive cultivar ‘Nagdong’ for QTL analysis. Drought stress was treated by withholding water for 6 weeks, and then rewatered for 7 days. After rewatering visual phenotype was observed according to the standard evaluation system for rice, IRRI. Drought sensitive parent ‘Nagdong’ was almost died, while tolerant parent ‘Samgang’ showed slightly leaf tip dring phenotype. The qdr11 detected on chromosome 11 with flanking markers RM26755-RM287 and accounted for 19% phenotype variation with a LOD score of 3.7.

The global rice reduction due to drought averages 18 Mt, especially, 23 Mha of rice fields in Asia are drought-prone. However, rice breeding programs focusing on drought resistance have made little progress to date. Because proper screening approaches with large scale were not developed to evaluate the drought tolerant degree. In here, we have developed of leaf water loss rate with plastic ware in dark conditions for large screening. Through this bioassay system, we examined drought phenotype degrees of 650 rice varieties. To validate whether this optimized bioassay system is corelated with drought phenotype, we chose 14 varieties having the lowest or highest of the water loss rate. We observed the visual drought phenotype and agricultural traits in green house and field conditions. Apo and Samgang having the lowest of leaf water loss rate showed drought tolerance phenotype, whereas Yeolbaeg and Milyang254 having the highest of leaf water loss rate showed drought sensitive phenotype. Apo displayed proper root length trait and Samgang showed good root dry trait in the greenhouse conditions. These results suggest that a simple screening procedure with water lose rate of leaves is effective to perform large scale screening for drought phenotype in rice.

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a major disease problem on wheat and barley around the world. F. graminearum produces trichothecenes mycotoxins such as nivalenol (NIV), deoxynivalenol (DON), and zearalenone (ZEA). The objectives of this study were to survey the natural occurrence of FHB and mycotoxins of 32 Korean wheat cultivars grown in 2011-2012 seasons at the National institute of crop science, Iksan, Korea. There was great deal of rainfall and high humidity during flowering time in May 2011. FHB incidence was counted by Fusarium infected spikes per square meter. The samples of 32 wheat cultivar were collected. The grain and flour samples were to analysis for DON and NIV by gas chromatography and ZEA by high performance liquid chromatography. The result showed that the average of FHB incidence(%) per square meter in 2011 and 2012 were 4.2%, 0.5% respectively. There were significant cultivar differences for FHB incidence ranged from 0% to 24% in 2011. All of 32 wheat cultivars contained 9-2088 ng/g for NIV and ten wheat cultivars contained 5.7-8.5 ng/g for ZEA. In addition, DON concentration of Tapdong, Shinmichal1, and Hanbaek were 217, 35 and 683 ng/g respectively. However, the grain and flour sample harvested in 2012 showed that lower FHB incidence and NIV concentration. These results showed that the 32 wheat cultivars harvested in 2011 were heavily contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins (NIV, DON, ZEA).

Abiotic environmental stresses cause serious economic losses in agriculture. These stresses include temperature extremes, high salinity and drought. We identified several drought stress-related novel/function unknown coding transcripts (transcription factors and functional genes) and non-coding transcripts (small noncoding transcripts such as microRNA and long noncoding transcripts) using the next generation sequencing method from rice (Oryza sativa L.), and have constructed databases of drought stress-related coding and noncoding transcripts. We used novel gene prediction programs for the selections. The expression level of the each gene was analyzed by real-time PCR. The results ended up the selection of 29 transcription factors, 6 microRNAs and 10 long noncoding RNAs. Currently, we are further characterizing these transcripts. We expect that this study could provide functional information of the drought stress-regulated novel genes, and relationships among novel coding and noncoding transcripts.

UVB radiation which causes dermatosis, cancroid, and necrosis in living organisms is mostly absorbed by ozone layer, resulting in transmission of only small UVB proportion to earth surface. Recently, however, rapid increases of pollutants like CFCs have accelerated depletion of stratospheric ozone layer. Increased UVB irradiation alters affects biomolecule interinity such as DNA, RNA and protein. To understand DNA mutation spectra in response to UVB, in the present study, we used two soybean cultivars, Buseok and Cheongja 3, which were screened as the most UVB tolerant and sensitive genotypes among 140 soybean germplasms, respectively. Whole genomes of Buseok and Cheongja were sequenced at low-coverage depth by illumina Hiseq2000, and we also sequenced 6 hr UVB irradiated genomes of two cultivars. Raw sequence reads were aligned to the soybean reference sequences (cv. Williams 82) by BWA aligner software. To identify DNA mutations induced by UV-B irradiation, multiple comparisons between non-irradiated and irradiated genomes in these two soybean genotypes were conducted using samtools and GenomeAnalyzerTK packages and homebrew python codes. A total, 13,992 and 17,078 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were indentified between non-irradiated and irradiated genomes of Buseok and Cheongja 3, respectively. In addition, Buseok and Cheongja 3 have 423 and 465 insertions/deletions induced by UVB, respectively. Approximately 58% of the identified SNPs were C to T or CC to TT transversions, consistent with the previous studies. Chromosomal distributions of the SNPs likely showed differences in UV-B mutation positions depending on the soybean genotype

Bacterial spot of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is caused by at least four species of Xanthomonas with multiple physiological races. In this study, we developed a mapping population for association analysis of bacterial spot resistance. For this population, six advanced breeding lines with distinct sources of resistance were first crossed in all combinations and their F1 hybrids were intercrossed. The 1,100 segregating progeny from these crosses were evaluated in the field against T1 strains. Based on this individual evaluation, we selected 5% of the most resistant and 5% of the most susceptible progeny for evaluation as plots in two subsequent replicate field trials inoculated with T1 and T3 strains. A total of 461 markers across 12 chromosomes were used for genotyping these selections. Of these markers, an optimized subset of 384 SNPs was derived from the 7,720 SNP Infinium array developed by the Solanaceae Coordinated Agricultural Project (SolCAP). For association analysis to detect known resistance loci and additional novel loci, we used the mixed models with correction for population structure, and found that accounting for kinship appeared to be sufficient. Detection of known loci was not improved by adding a correction for structure using either a Q matrix from model-based clustering or covariate matrix from Principal Component Analysis. Both single-point and haplotype analyses identified strong associations in the region of the genome known to carry Rx-3 (chromosome 5) and Rx-4/Xv3 (chromosome 11). Additional QTL associated with resistance were detected on chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 6 and 7 for T1 resistance and chromosomes 2, 4, and 6 for T3 resistance. Haplotype analysis improved our ability to trace the origin of positive alleles. These results demonstrate that both known and novel associations can be identified using complex breeding populations that have experienced directional selection.

Functional identification of rice on a whole genome scale is required to significantly improve the quality of rice, rice yield, and stress tolerance in response to changing climate. In addition to conventional approaches, new methodologies are required for identification of key genes associated with new agronomical traits. Systems biology is an upcoming trend in the field of functional genomics. Recently, there has been a significant improvement in the resources for systems biology in Oryza sativa (rice), a model crop. These resources include whole genome sequencing/re-sequencing data, transcriptomes, protein-protein interactomes, reactomes, functional gene network tools, and gene indexed mutant populations. The integration of diverse omics data can lead to greater understanding of the functional genomics of rice. Here, we address the development and current progress of the resources available for systems biology in rice: Genome browsers and databases for the orthology identification, transcriptome analysis, protein-protein interaction network and functional gene network analyses, co-expression network, metabolic pathway analysis for promoter analysis, and gene indexed mutants.

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology and fast improvement in plant genetics have elevated to massive development of molecular genetic markers through fast analysis of huge molecular biological data. Furthermore, in domestic commercial breeding of horticultural crops, the application of marker assisted breeding (MAB) has been introduced recently. For effective improvement of cultivar breeding, in this research, transcriptome analysis and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) comparison with high density pepper map in UC-DAVIS were performed using four lines of Capsicum annuum and C. chinense. For rapid analysis of MAB of tolerant pepper lines, 412 Fluidigm probes were newly designed in this study. These designed probes and SSR and COSII markers were applied for background selection through the MAB program. In addition, powdery mildew (PM), tomato spot wilt virus (TSWV) resistance related markers were subjected to foreground selection of BC1, BC2, and BC3 progenies. The MAB system using Fluidigm probes, and trait-related and common markers was introduced into domestic pepper breeding, which will rapidly approach to a new elite line and a commercial tolerant cultivar.

Next generation sequencing technologies have proven to be a rapid and cost-effective means to assemble and characterize gene content and identify molecular markers in various organisms. Pepper (Capsicum annuum L., Solanaceae), is a major staple vegetable crop, which is economically important and has worldwide distribution. High-throughput transcriptome profiling of two pepper cultivars, Mandarin and Blackcluster using 454 GS-FLX pyrosequencing yielded 279,221 and 316,357 sequenced reads with a total 120.44 and 142.54 Mb of sequence data (average read length of 431 and 450 nucleotides). These reads resulted from 17,525 and 16,341 ‘isogroups’ and were assembled into 19,388 and 18,057 isotigs, and 22,217 and 13,153 singletons for both the cultivars, respectively. Assembled sequences were annotated functionally based on homology to genes in multiple public databases. Detailed sequence variants analysis identified a total of 9,701 and 12,741 potential SNPs for both cultivars, which eventually resulted in 1,025 and 1,059 genotype specific SNPs, for both the varieties, respectively. These markers for pepper will be highly valuable for marker-assisted breeding and other genetic studies.

팍쵸이의 국내시장은 일본 품종들이 우점하고 있으나 2007년 이후에는 국내종묘회사에서 개발한 국산품종들이 수입 대체 되고 있는 추세로서 높은 경제가치가 기대되는 작물이다. 특히 유럽 및 미주로의 종자수출이 매년 증가 하고 있어 시장맞춤형 품종 육성이 요구된다. 수출용 품종 육성에 유용한 형질의 반수체 식물 생산을 통해 단기간 에 다양한 육종소재를 제공하고자 본 연구를 실시하였다. 실험재료는 우수형질의 도입품종 BN8074품종을 대상 으로 실시하였다. 소포자 배양 효율을 조사하기 위해 배지조성, 전처리 온도 및 시간에 따른 배 발생을 조사하였다. 배지조성은 1/2NLN에 13% sucrose와 NAA와 BA의 혼합처리에서 가장 높은 배 발생 효율을 보였다. 전처리는 3 0℃, 31℃, 32.5℃에서 1일과 2일처리 하였다. 전처리는 31℃ 1일 처리에서 배 발생이 가장 높았으나 식물체로의 유 기율이 현저히 떨어졌다. 그에 반해 32.5℃ 1일 처리에서 발생한 배로부터 정상 식물체로의 유기율이 높고 생장도 좋았다. 배양결과 화뢰 1개당 약 7개의 배를 발생시켰으나 발생배의 식물체 분화율이 5%로 현저히 낮았다. 이는 dish당 발생배의 수가 과도할 경우 배의 초기분화가 정상적으로 일어나지 못하여 정상 식물체로 유기되지 못한 것 으로 생각되었다. 소포자 배양을 통해 대량 획득한 7625개 발생배를 배양병에서 6주간 배양하여 발근을 유도한 후 정상 식물체를 선발하여 토양 순화하였다. 소포자 배양으로부터 유기된 식물체는 가을 교배기에 육종소재로써 활 용하기 위해 저온처리를 실시하였다.

양배추는 세계적으로 가장 많이 재배되고 있는 채소작물로 잠재적 부가가치가 높다. 양배추의 소포자 배양기술이 확립되면 반수체 유래 이배체의 계통을 조기에 획득 할 수 있으므로 품종육성 연한 단축이 가능하다. 본 연구를 통 해 조생계 양배추의 품종육성의 효율을 높이고자 고효율의 소포자 배양조건을 조사하였다. 실험재료로는 조생계 의 내병성 도입품종 BN606, 640, 2414.의 3품종을 사용하였다. 배지는 NLN을 기본으로 호르몬 NAA와 BA를 이용 하여 조성을 달리한 8종류의 배지를 사용하였으며 배지별로 동량의 Activated charcoal을 넣어 60x15mm의 petri dish에 분주하여 밀봉 후 고온처리하고 25℃(暗)에서 배 발생을 관찰한다. 20일 후 육안으로 배의 형태가 관찰되면 빛은 차단된 상태로 70rpm에서 배양하다가 3일 뒤 배의 크기가 커지고 초록빛이 돌기 시작하면 50rpm에서 명배양 하였다. 전처리는 30℃ 2일, 31℃ 1일, 32.5℃ 1일의 조건에서 비교하였고 30℃ 2일 처리구가 가장 높은 배 발생률을 보였다. 발생배 일부는 안토시안이 축척되어 자줏빛이 나타나기도 했으나 식물체로 분화에는 영향은 없었다. 품 종 간 배 발생률은 상이하였으나 BN640에서 화뢰 당 12개의 배가 발생하여 배 발생률이 가장 높았으며 배의 분화 가 빠르고 정상적인 형태의 발생을 보여 식물체 유기율이 높을 것으로 사료된다. 봄작기 양배추의 소포자 배양으 로부터 1683개의 배를 획득하였고 이후 식물체로 분화시켜 가을 교배의 육종소재로 활용할 예정이다.(본 연구는 농림수산식품부 Golden Seed프로젝트(213003-04-1-SB310)의 지원에 의해 이루어진 것임).

Mitochondria are essential organelles of eukaryotic cells and plant cells contain varying numbers of mitochondrial genome sequences. Sizes and shapes of mitochondria differ within a tissue or in the same cells. Previously sequenced complete mitochondrial genome (NC_016118) of Brassica oleracea size was 360,271 bp, where segmental duplication (repeat block) was 141,800 bp. In this study, we resequenced this whole mitochondrial genome by using WGS (whole genome sequencing) and assembled organelles genome method (unpublished). Newly sequenced mitochondrial genome length was 219,975 bp and circle form. A new sequence segment of approximately 4,800 bp was obtained compared to the previous genome sequence without any large repeat block. Newly obtained mitochondria genome sequence was compared with recently reported mitochondria genome sequences of various species (B. oleracea, B. juncea, B. rapa, B. napus and B. carinata) and subspecies (cabbage, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, kohlrabi, broccoli and kale) by PCR using primers specifying different region of genome sequences. PCR analysis results have also confirmed the variation between previous and newly sequenced mitochondrial genome circles form. Thus, the results suggest new B. oleracea mitotype, including evolutionary events such as inheritance, rearrangement, genome compaction, and diversity

Genetically modified (GM) crops have been developed worldwide through the recombinant DNA technology and commercialized by various agricultural biotechnology companies. Commercialization of GM crops will be required the assessment of risk associated with the release of GM crops. The purpose of this research is a molecular characterization of introduced T-DNA in transgenic rice T4 ∼ T6 generation lines harboring a pepper MsrB2 gene under the control of stress inducible Rab21 promoter, as a part of biosafety evaluation for drought-tolerant transgenic rice (Agb0103). We identified the structure and sequence of transformation vector of T-DNA and analyzed insertion sites, flanking sequences, and generational stability of inserted T-DNA in transgenic rice lines. The transformation vector was consisted of right border, a drought-tolerant CaMsrB2 gene unit (Rab21 promoter::CaMsrB2::PinII terminator), a selectable marker herbicide resistance unit (CaMV 35S promoter::bar::Nos terminator), and left border in sequential order. Based on the adaptor-ligation PCR and whole genome sequence database, we confirmed that T-DNA was introduced 2 copies (head to head type) at the position of 2,471,957 ∼ 2,472,049 bp of chromosome No. 8. From the generational stability study, T-DNAs were stably inherited through the T4 to T6 generations, and also stable expression of bar gene from T-DNA was confirmed. It was also confirmed that the backbone DNA of transformation vector containing antibacterial gene (aadA) was not present in Agb0103 rice genome. These results will be filed to biosafety assessment document of Agb0103

Platycodon grandiflorum, which is the only species in the genus Platycodon of the family Campanulaceae, is an herbaceous flowering perennial. P. grandiflorum is generally known as bellflower or balloon flower indicating its ornamental uses. It has also been traditionally used as a medicinal crop in East Asia, which is widely employed as an antiphlogistic, antitussive, and expectorant. However, marker-assisted selection and molecular breeding in P. grandiflorum has lagged behind other plants such as pepper and tomato because of the lack of genetic information and effective molecular markers. Transcriptome sequencing provides an effective way to obtain large amount of sequence data when there is no available genome sequence. In this study, we performed a transcriptome analysis in platycodons, which has not been attempted previously. We analyzed simple sequence repeats (SSRs) using RNA-seq data. Di-nucleotide motifs were the most abundant repeats (39% ~ 40%) followed by mono- (26% ~ 32%), tri- (25% ~ 31%), tetra- (1.5% ~ 1.9 %), penta- (0.3% ~ 1%) in three platycodon accessions. Based on the SNP information obtained from RNA-seq analysis, we developed 12 PCR-based markers in Platycodon. The number of alleles ranged from two to seven with the average PIC value of 0.373. These 12 markers were applied to 21 platycodon accessions and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. The markers developed in this study could be introduced in molecular breeding program of platycodons. The SSR information obtained from RNA-seq analysis could be further utilized for developing genic-SSR markers in platycodons. Since platycodon is considered as an orphan crop, which has not been actively deployed for genetic study, the sequence information obtained from this study will contribute to further genetic improvements, genomic information and gene discovery in platycodon

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most frequent type among variations found in genomic regions and are valuable markers for genetic mapping, genetic diversity studies and association mapping in plants. There are three basic species known as Korean native which are Pyrus ussuriensis, P. pyrifolia, and P. fauriei. Genetic relationship among Korean pear cultivars compared with their parents was identified that they are closely related P. pyrifolia, P. ussuriensis and/or hybrids between two species. Lack of genetic resources, including molecular markers to study pears are very severe. Recently developed next generation sequencing (NGS) platforms offer opportunities for high-throughput and inexpensive genome sequencing and rapid marker development. The objective of this study was to develop polymorphic SNP markers in ‘Whangkeumbae’ and ‘Minibae’, which were chosen as the representative cultivars of P. pyrifolia and P. ussuriensis × pyrifolia in each among Korean pears, using genomic sequences generated by NGS technology. In this study, more than 18.6 Gbp and 15.8 Gbp sequences were obtained from NGS of ‘Whangkeumbae’ and ‘Minibae’, respectively. ‘Whangkeumbae’ and ‘Minibae’ contained 2,712,288 and 2,747,224 SNPs, respectively. In SNPs validations between ‘Whangkeumbae’ and ‘Minibae’, the number of polymorphic SNPs were 2,516,438 and non-polymorphic SNPs were 1,179,391. For HRM primer design, 2,125,479 HRM candidate primers were obtained from polymorphic SNPs and 343,731 SNP primers were developed. This study shows that the utility of NGS technology to discover efficiently a large number of SNPs and SNP primers can provide valuable information in the genome study of Pyrus spp.

Currently, the type of short insertions and deletions (InDels) polymorphisms are increasingly focused in genomic research. InDels have been known as a source of genetic markers that are widely spread across the genome. Genetic relationship among Korean pear cultivars compared with their parents was also identified that they are closely related P. pyrifolia, P. ussuriensis and/or hybrids between two species. Lack of genetic resources including molecular markers has made it difficult to study pears severely. Recently developed next generation sequencing (NGS) platforms offer opportunities for high-throughput and inexpensive genome sequencing and rapid marker development. The main goal of this study was to develop polymorphic InDel markers in ‘Whangkeumbae’ and ‘Minibae’, which were chosen as the representative cultivars of P. pyrifolia and P. ussuriensis × pyrifolia in each among Korean pears using genomic sequences generated by NGS technology. In this study, more than 18.6 Gbp and 15.8 Gbp sequences were obtained from NGS of ‘Whangkeumbae’ and ‘Minibae’, respectively. ‘Whangkeumbae’ contained 197,210 InDels and 197,272 InDels in ‘Minibae’. In InDels validations between ‘Whangkeumbae’ and ‘Minibae’, the number of polymorphic InDels were 149,338 and non-polymorphic InDels were 122,572. For InDel primer set designing, 11,308 of primers were designed from polymorphic InDels and 10,919 of InDel primers were recommended. The study shows that the utility of NGS technology to design amount of efficient InDels and the developed InDel primers will be used for genetic mapping, breeding by marker assisted selection (MAS) and QTL mapping of Korea native pear as well as further genetic studies.

Korea is a origin of three basic species, P. ussuriensis, P. pyrifolia and P. fauriei. Genetic relationship among Korean pear cultivars compared with their parents were also identified that they are closely related P. pyrifolia, P. ussuriensis and/or hybrid between two species. SSRs or Microsatellites are co-dominant and typically neutral inheritance showing high degree of polymorphism, large number of alleles per locus, abundance in genomes, and suitability for automation. SSR markers were developed in apple and pear where they were used for construction of genetic linkage maps, evaluation of the genetic diversity, cultivar identification, genotype identification, and in the determination of genetic relatedness. Many apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) SSRs would be useful for genetic mapping in European and Asian pears in previous experiments and cross-species amplification was observed between apple and pear. The objectives of this study were to develop polymorphic SSR markers in ‘Whangkeumbae’ and ‘Minibae’, which were chosen as the representative cultivars of P. pyrifolia and P. ussuriensis in each among Korean pears, from ‘Golden Delicious’ genomic sequences generated by next generation sequencing technology and to evaluate the utility of the SSR markers based on ‘Golden Delicious’ sequences. Of 51 SSR markers, 18 were polymorphic in ‘Whangkeumbae’ and ‘Minibae’. The cross-species transportability of primers designed in ‘Golden Delicious’ sequences makes SSR markers more useful, given the current high level of investment in mapping the genomes of related Rosaceae.

콩에서 유전자지도 작성은 마커간의 상대적인 위치를 설정하여 금후 genome 상에 목표 유전자 위치를 확보하고 이를 표지화하는데 매우 요긴한 수단으로 활용된다. 최근 많은 연구자들이 콩에서 고밀도의 유전자지도 작성을 위해 노력하였고, 현재 soybean consensus map이 soybase(www.soybase.org) 에 공유되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 고밀 도의 콩 유전자 지도 작성을 위해 genotyping은 한국과 중국의 콩 genome resequencing결과 얻어진 약 4백만 개의 SNP중에서 선정된 약 180만개의 SNP로 만들어진 180k Axiom SoyaSNP array를 이용하였고, 실험집단은 큰올콩/신 팔달콩 및 큰올콩/익산10호의 교배후대로 작성된 F12 RIL집단을 활용하였다. 유전자지도 작성결과 큰올콩/신팔달 콩 집단에서 사용된 166,279개의 SNP 중 27,308개의 SNP가 다형성을 보였고 이중 6,535개의 SNP가 유전자지도상 에 표기되어 지도의 총 거리는(total coverage)는 약 3,313cM을 나타내었다. 한편 큰올콩/익산10호 집단에서는 사용 된 166,279개의 SNP 중 23,581개의 SNP가 다형성을 보였고 이중 6,597개의 SNP가 유전자지도상에 표기되어 지도 의 총 거리는(total coverage)는 약 5,017cM을 나타내었다. 본 연구를 통해 작성된 유전자지도에서 마커간 평균거리 는 큰올콩/신팔달콩 0.51cM, 큰올콩/익산10호 0.76cM으로 나타나 매우 고밀도의 유전자 지도가 작성되었음을 나 타내었다.