팽이버섯 분말을 이용하여 기능성물질인 GABA 및 probiotics를 강화시킨 천연 발효조미료를 개발하기 위해서 L. plantarum EJ2014에 의한 젖산발효 최적화 연구를 수행하였다. 팽이버섯 분말에 영양성분 0.5% YE, 1% glucose, GABA 전구물질인 5% MSG를 첨가한 후 30℃에서 5일간 젖산발효를 진행한 결과 발효 2일 동안 pH는 6.1에서 4.4로 감소하다가 발효 5일에 6.2로 다시 증가하는 경향을 보였으며 산도는 발효 2일 동안 0.5%에서 1.3%로 증가한 후 발효 5일에 다시 0.4%로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 생균수는 초기 젖산균 스타터 2.4×107 CFU/mL에서 발효 1일째 2.2×109 CFU/mL로 증가한 후 5일 동안 계속 유지되었다. 전구물질인 MSG는 발효 4일에 대부분이 이용되면서 약 2.31% 농도의 GABA로 전환되었으며 DPPH radical 소거 활성은 IC50 값이 1.24 mg/mL로, ABTS radical 소거 활성에서 IC50 값은 1.53 mg/mL로 나타나면서, 발효물의 항산화 효과가 증진되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 팽이버섯 발효물 30 g에 볶은 밀기울 1 g을 첨가하여 열풍 건조한 천연 발효조미료의 GABA 함량은 17%로 고농도의 GABA를 함유하여 probiotic 기능성이 강화되며 기호성을 갖는 발효조미료 및 건강소재의 제조가 가능하였다.

본 연구에서는 긴병꽃풀의 항산화 효과와 기능성을 활용한 양갱을 제조하여 기계적 특성을 측정하고, 관능적 기호도 평가를 실시하였다. 생리활성 물질의 양을 측정하기 위하여 페놀성 화합물 정량을 실시한 결과 긴병꽃풀 열수추출물에서 12.99±0.30 mg/g, 70% ethanol 추출물에서 3.14±0.07 mg/g으로 나타내었다. 50-200 μg/mL의 농도에서 항산화 효과를 측정한 결과, 전자공여능은 열수추출물과 70% ethanol 추출물에서 각각 77.16-78.24%, 73.04-77.00%로 나타내었으며, ABTS는 84.35-99.75%, 83.74-99.55%로 나타내었다. Antioxidant protection factor(PF)는 1.54-1.62, 1.62-2.09 PF를 나타내었으며, TBARs는 42.93-94.09%, 91.05-95.19%로 나타내었다. 긴병꽃풀 추출물의 열수추출물과 70% ethanol 추출물은 거의 비슷한 항산화 효과를 나타내었으나, PF와 TBARs에서는 70% ethanol 추출물에서 더 우수한 항산화 효과를 나타내었다. Tyrosinase 저해활성은 열수추출물에서는 효과가 나타나지 않았으며, 70% ethanol 추출물에서는 30.32-40.56%의 저해활성을 나타내었다. Hyaluronidase 저해활성은 14.23-40.93%, 57.45-72.88%로 70% ethanol 추출물이 더 우수한 저해활성을 나타내었으며, 50-100 μg/mL의 저농도에서는 positive control로 사용한 PDTC보다 우수한 저해활성을 나타내었다. 색도는 긴병꽃풀 분말의 첨가량이 증가할수록 L 값과 a 값은 감소하는 경향을 나타내었고 b 값은 일정하게 나타내었다. 기계적 조직감은 경도와 탄력성에서 긴병꽃풀 분말의 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 나타내었고, 응집성은 첨가량과 관계없이 일정한 값을 나타내었다. 씹힘성은 2.0%에서 가장 높은 수치를 나타내었으나 대조군과 첨가군 간의 유의적 차이는 나타나지 않았고, 긴병꽃풀 분말이 양갱의 기계적 조직감에 영향을 준다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 긴병꽃풀 분말 첨가 양갱의 관능적 기호도는 점도, 경도, 씹힘성, 탄력성, 맛, 향, 전반적인 기호도 항목에서 대조군을 제외하고 1.0% 이하 첨가군에서 기호도가 높게 나타내었으며 2.0% 첨가군은 모든 항목에서 가장 낮은 기호도를 나타내었다. 위 결과에 따라 긴병꽃풀 분말을 이용한 양갱 제조에는 1.0% 이하의 농도를 사용하여 제조하는 것이 가장 적합하다고 판단되었다.

This study was conducted to elucidate the distribution of vascular plants and their value of Mt. Samyeong. The vascular plants that were collected 10 times from October 2013 to July 2015 consisted of a total of 538 taxa; 92 families, 308genera, 466 species, 3 subspecies, 62 varieties and 7 forms. The observed rare plant species as designated by Korea Forest Service were 24 taxa. Endemic species were 25 taxa. 28 taxa were recorded as naturalized plants and their naturalized rate and urban index were noted as 5.3% and 8.7%. Among the surveyed 538 taxa, edible, medicinal, pasturing, ornamental, timber, dye, fiber and industrial plants included 220 taxa, 195 taxa, 167 taxa, 65 taxa, 25 taxa, 8 taxa, 6 taxa and 3taxa, respectively.

This paper investigates the strength properties of ground granulated blast furnace slag(GGBFS) with magnesium sulfate(MgSO4). GGBFS was replaced with 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5% MgSO4 by weight. Mixtures of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) and sodium silicate(Na2SiO3) were used as the alkaline activator; a mixture of 5% NaOH and 5% Na2SiO3, and a mixture of 10% NaOH and 10% Na2SiO3 by slag weight. The added activators were dissolved in the water, and the weight ratio of water to slag was 0.45. This study was performed using compressive strength testing, ultrasonic pulse velocity(UPV), water absorption and X-ray diffraction(XRD). In this study, the strength of hardened samples decreases with increasing MgSO4 content. In addition, the water absorption of samples increases and UPV decreases, with the increase of MgSO4 content. Brucite, gypsum and M-S-H(magnesium silicate hydrate) are present in the XRD patterns of the hardened samples.

Characteristics of bond strength between AR-glass textile and fine concrete was performed through pull-out test with various transverse reinforced methods as number of lateral reinforced textile and transverse development length. In the both case of change in reinforcing method, bond strength was increased sharply in the first case.

Reinforced concrete is used as a main construction because it is excellent durability and strength. However, the problem of durability decrease due to enlargement, high-rise of structures and the cracking due to external force nowadays. Therefore, there is studying on the Textile Reinforced Concrete(TRC), which reinforcing bar changing into Textile. Also, studying on adhesion performance between concrete and Textile. Preceding studies have examined the adhesion performance of single fibers with no specific variable. It can not reflect about grid type and embedding length. Accordingly, on this study examines the change of bond strength according to bond length. As a result, the bond strength increased as the embedding length of the Textile increased, but there was not influence that the bond strength according to the lateral length.

In this study, to improve the marine bridge disaster prevention system, the trend of disaster accidents due to the extension of maritime bridges was analyzed and the status of domestic and foreign disaster prevention facilities was examined. As a result of the review, it was aimed at presenting the disaster prevention facility grade and installation items considering the size of the bridge and traffic volume.

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of low temperature on the growth, yield, quality, and biologically active compounds of strawberry and obtain basic information for developing a technology for stable growth of strawberry in greenhouses. Growth of strawberry, including leaf number, area, and length, plant height, and dry weight was better at the optimum growth temperature of 20℃ than at a lower temperature of 15°C. At the low temperature of 15°C, the cultivar 'Maehyang' was more tolerant and displayed better growth rate than 'Seolhyang'. At 15°C, the fruit production per week and fruit weight was lower than that at 20°C. In contrast, fruit length and diameter were not significantly different between the two growth temperatures. Growth temperature also did not affect the fruit color index, Hunter L, a, b value, or fruit firmness. However, the sugar content of strawberries grown at 15 was higher by 0.8 and 1.5 Brix for 'Seolhyang' and 'Maehyang', respectively, than of those grown at 20°C. There was no difference in the content of fisetin, a biologically active compound, for 'Seolhyang' at both growth temperatures, however, the fisetin content of 'Maehyang' was higher at 20°C than at 15 . Cinchonine and ellagic acid content of 'Seolhyang' was higher at 20°C than at 15 , whereas that of 'Maehyang' was higher at 15°C than at 20℃ . Quercetin content showed no significant differences with respect to growth temperature, however, it tended to increase at 20°C. The cinnamic acid content of 'Seolhyang' was higher at 15°C than at 20℃ , whereas that of 'Maehyang' increased at 20°C. Collectively, the biologically active compounds of strawberry were affected by growth temperature. Moreover, the content of these compounds tended to increase at 20°C, the optimum growth temperature, rather than at the sub-optimal growth temperature of 15°C.

The current study was performed to investigate the effect of recycling coir substrates on the growth, fruit yield, and quality of strawberry plants. Analysis of physical properties revealed that the pH of a fresh coir substrate was 5.04 while those of substrates reused for one and two years were 5.20 and 5.33, respectively. The electrical conductivity (EC) of a new substrate was as high as 4.58 dS·m−1. This can cause salt stress after transplanting. The EC tended to decrease as the substrate was recycled, and the EC of a two-year recycled substrate was 1.48 dS·m−1. The fresh substrate had lower nitrogen and calcium concentrations, but higher phosphate, potassium, and sodium concentrations than the recycled coir substrate. The coir substrates recycled for one or two years maintained better chemical properties for plant growth than the fresh substrate. Strawberry growth varied depending on the number of years that the coir substrate was recycled. In general, strawberries grown in substrates that had been reused for two years did better than those grown in substrates that had been reused once or were fresh. Ninety days after transplanting, a plant grown in a substrate that had been reused for two years contained 25 leaves, which was 3.6 more than with a fresh substrate. In addition, the plants grown in a substrate that had been reused for two years exhibited larger leaf areas than those grown in other substrates. Coir substrates that had been reused for one year increased the number and area of leaves, but not as much as the substrate that had been reused for two years. One- and two-year reused coir substrates increased the weight of strawberries produced relative to the unused substrate, but the difference was not statistically significant. The plants grown in two-year reused substrates were longer and wider, as well. Also, the number of fruits per plant was higher when substrates were reused. Specifically, the number of fruits per plant was 28.7 with a two-year reused substrate, but only 22.2 with a fresh substrate. The fruit color indices (as represented by their Hunter L, a, b values) were not considerably affected by recycling of the coir substrate. The Hunter L value, which indicates the brightness of the fruit, did not change significantly when the substrate was recycled. Neither Hunter a (red) nor b (yellow) values were changed by recycling. In addition, there were no significant changes in the hardnesses, acidities, or soluble solid-acid ratios of fruits grown in recycled substrates. Thus, it is thought that recycling the coir substrate does not affect measures of fruit quality such as color, hardness, and sugar content. Overall, reuse of coir substrates from hydroponic culture as high-bed strawberry growth substrates would solve the problems of new substrate costs and the disposal of substrates that had been used once.

본 연구에서는 대한민국 난민법 제정과 시행에 따라 현 시점의 난민아동 생활실태를 짚 어보고 그 대안으로서 교육적인 방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 연구 목적의 효과적인 달성을 위하여 난민아동 교육관여자 12명과 면담을 실시하였고, 면담자료와 관련 문헌 연구를 바 탕으로 근거이론을 통해 접근하는 질적 연구를 수행하였다. 분석 결과 난민의 삶 시작, 상 실감, 순간을 살기, 심신의 스트레스, 인식부족, 정책미비, 불편한 주변세계에 대한 반응, 사 람에 대한 그리움, 교육적 접근, 사회적 지원, 회피, 긍정의 탐색, 심적 재정착, 현재와 미래 간 가교 설정, 적응과 공존, 부적응 시나리오의 16개 범주를 도출하였고 이를 토대로 인과 적 조건, 현상, 맥락, 중재적 조건, 전략, 결과로 이어지는 국내 난민아동의 생활실태와 교 육 방안에 관한 이론적 패러다임 모형을 구성하였다. 핵심범주는 ‘순간을 사는 삶에서 희망 적 존재감을 발견하고 공존의 삶으로 나아가기’로 설정하였으며 이와 관련하여 연구의 분 석 결과를 중심으로 국내 난민아동의 교육 방안에 대하여 개인, 학교, 기관, 사회 각 영역 의 실천 방안을 제안하였다.

In this study, we investigated variations in particle size distribution in the process flow from a fluff-SRF manufacturing process in Y city via particle size analysis of waste. About 110 kg of MSW was analyzed in accordance with the process flows for the analysis of the particle size distribution by separating from 300 mm to 10 mm. The first tranche of waste was crushed with a primary crusher such that 100% of particles were smaller than 200 mm. A secondary crusher was used to ensure that 90% of particles were smaller than 10 mm. The crushing function and disintegration effect resulted in waste that contained 30% particles smaller than 10 mm. The primary multistage bulk selection process separated the first non-combustibles from waste passed by the secondary crusher. It produced 19.24% non-combustibles. Secondary multistage bulk selection discharges the final set of non-combustibles from the first non-combustibles after recovering any remaining combustibles. The combustible recovery ratio was 28.24%, and the final non-combustible discharge ratio was about 71.76%. The regular and high-speed disintegrators exhibited 85% and 97% efficiency in producing waste smaller than then 50 mm, respectively. This is thought to improve the yield and quality of SRF in the context of a reasonable management plan via characteristic analysis of residues from the disintegration process.

Contaminated water from abandoned mines, non-sanitary landfills, and tunnel excavation flows into rivers via groundwater. These sources of contamination contain significant heavy metals and are discharged without treatment. As contaminated water flows into the river, water quality decreases. Furthermore, water that flows into rivers also contaminates the soil. This causes problems for both the environment and society. However, it is difficult to place water treatment plants at each source of contamination because of problems related to economics, site security, etc. The author has selected permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) to solve these problems. The aim of this study is to develop eco-friendly technology for reuse of waste. In this study, three reacting media were used. The first reacting medium was zero-valent iron (ZVI). ZVI can be used as a PRB and is effective at removing heavy metals. The second medium was steel-making slag. It is suitable for removal of heavy metals because its components include lime and iron oxide. The final reacting medium was bark. The bark is the outer layer of a tree, and consists of dead tree trunk tissue. The chemical structure of bark includes carboxyl and hydroxyl moieties that combine well with heavy metals. In this study, the materials to be removed were heavy metals including arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, zinc, and nickel. The experiment was carried out for two months using two pilot scale PRBs. ZVI and steel-making slag were placed on the front of the two pilot scale PRBs under the same conditions. Activated carbon and bark were placed on the end of each device. After two months, the experiment showed efficient removal of arsenic and lead. It is possible to reduce the generation of waste by removing heavy metals with waste materials like bark.

This paper investigates the strength properties of ground granulated blast furnace slag(GGBFS) with magnesium sulfate(MgSO4). GGBFS was replaced with 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5% MgSO4 by weight. Mixtures of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) and sodium silicate(Na2SiO3) were used as the alkaline activator; a mixture of 5% NaOH and 5% Na2SiO3, and a mixture of 10% NaOH and 10% Na2SiO3 by slag weight. The added activators were dissolved in the water, and the weight ratio of water to slag was 0.45. This study was performed using compressive strength testing, ultrasonic pulse velocity(UPV), water absorption and X-ray diffraction(XRD). In this study, the strength of hardened samples decreases with increasing MgSO4 content. In addition, the water absorption of samples increases and UPV decreases, with the increase of MgSO4 content. Brucite, gypsum and M-S-H(magnesium silicate hydrate) are present in the XRD patterns of the hardened samples.

Characteristics of bond strength between AR-glass textile and fine concrete was performed through pull-out test with various transverse reinforced methods as number of lateral reinforced textile and transverse development length. In the both case of change in reinforcing method, bond strength was increased sharply in the first case.

In the present study, we investigated the effects of artificial removal of corolla and calyx lobes from open flowers on fruit development and fruit quality of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). Removing the corolla had no significant effect on fruit weight, hardness, length, and diameter, Hunter L, a, b values, sugar content and acidity. However, removing the calyx lobes significantly inhibited longitudinal and transverse growth of the fruits, resulting in diminished fruit size. In addition, merchantable fruit quality significantly decreased upon removing the calyx lobes, and this tendency was increased as more calyx lobes were removed. Nonetheless, removal of the calyx lobes had no effects on fruit color, sugar content, or acidity, similar to the effect of corolla removal.

한국 게임 산업은 대내외적 불안요인으로 성장이 멈춰있는 상황이다. 이러한 대내외적 불안요소 속에서 국내 게임 산업의 새로운 돌파구로 언급 되고 있는 것이 4차 산업 혁명 이다. 4차 산업 혁명은 기존 산업 구조의 패러다임을 변화시키고 있으며, 제조업뿐만 아니 라 콘텐츠 산업 전반에 생태계의 변화를 가져 오고 있다. 본 연구에서는 제 4차 산업 혁명 을 통한 국내 게임 산업의 발전 방향을 모색하고 AI와 AR / VR의 발전과 미래의 제 4 차 산업 혁명의 핵심이 될 게임 산업과의 연관성을 연구하고자 한다.

Biochemical methane potential (BMP) of residual wastes from transesterification was tested to safely recycle carcass via rendering process. The carcass was obtained from a buried site for avian influenza (AI) infected poultry. Rendered lipid generated by a pilot-scale high-pressure rendering process was the main source of transesterification for biodiesel recovery. To test the feasibility of waste-to-energy approach for AI infected carcass, we compared the BMPs of various fractions of rendered materials from the carcass. BMP and specific methanogenic activity results indicate that transesterification waste shows better digestibility than that of rendered lipid, and the digestion performance was comparable to that of liquid residue. Biogas yields of glycerol, rendered lipids, and liquid residue were estimated as 0.11 L/g chemical oxygen demand (COD), 0.06 L/g COD, and 0.17 L/g COD, respectively. Regression analysis support that biogas production rate of glycerol (21 mL/g COD/d) was much faster than that of lipid (7 mL/g COD/d) while that of liquid residue was similar (24 mL/g COD/d). In summary using transesterification waste as a bioresource for bioenergy conversion can be a viable and sustainable option for the complete termination of burial site.

지구온난화의 영향으로 전 세계적으로 기후변화가 일어나고 있다. 각국에는 기존의 연료인 석탄 및 석유의 에너지를 줄이고 온실가스 저감 및 저탄소 생활문화에 대한 관심이 높다. 특히 매립되는 폐기물을 재사용하기 위해 폐기물에 저장된 많은 양의 에너지를 활용하여 전기를 생산하는 가스발전소를 가동하고 있다. 이렇게 생산된 전기에너지중 일부는 자체적으로 소모가 되고 일부는 한국전력에 판매하고 있다. 그러나 일부의 가스는 전기에너지로 전환하지 못하여 버려지게 된다. 그 이유는 매립지에서 발생된 가스의 양을 조절하기 어렵고 전기에너지의 다양한를 따라가기 힘들기 때문이다. 그렇기 때문에 일정한 에너지 공급과 잉여전력의 저장을 위해 재생에너지 산업에 꼭 필요한 장치가 에너지저장장치(ESS)이다. 그 중 친환경 적이며 높은 내구성 및 안전성을 갖는 장치가 VRFB이다. VRFB의 경우 바나듐을 활물질로 사용한 2차 전지로서 산화환원 반응을 통해 전기에너지를 화학적에너지로 전환하여 저장하였다가 필요한 순간에 발전하여 전력을 공급할 수 있다. ESS를 사용하면 에너지 공급안전성을 높일 수 있으며 버려지는 에너지를 저장하여 언제든 공급할 수 있게 된다. 많은 장점을 가진 VRFB 이지만 아직 기술적으로 완전하게 정립되어있지 않기 때문에 성능향상에 대한 연구와 관심이 많다. 우리는 VRFB 의 성능을 높이기 위해 촉매에 대한 연구를 중점적으로 진행해 왔다. B과 N은 일반적으로 전기 전도성을 향상시킨다고 알려진 촉매로서 이를 다공성 carbon 인 MSU-FC에 첨가하여 사용하였다. 이 촉매를 사용함으로서 에너지 밀도와 에너지효율에 성능향상을 보였고 또한 Capacity 또한 유지되는 것을 보였다.

1900년대 초부터 금속 가공 장비의 수명 연장 및 가공물의 품질 향상을 위해 금속 가공 공정에 절삭유가 이용되어 왔다. 금속 가공 특성에 따라 절삭효율 향상을 위해 각종 첨가제를 포함시켜 여러 종류의 절삭유가 제조되고 있으며, 일반적으로 수용성과 비수용성으로 분류된다. 비수용성 절삭유의 경우, 폐유처리과정에서 유독성 물질 발생, 발연･발화 등의 문제로 수용성 절삭유의 사용이 점차 증가해 왔으며, 국내에서 이용되는 절삭유의 60% 이상이 수용성 절삭유이다. 사용된 수용성 절삭유는 비수용성 절삭유와 같이 소각처리 하기에는 비용이 크며, 수계로 유출시 COD 약 30,000~100,000ppm의 고농도 유기성분에 의해 인근 수계를 오염시킬 수 있으므로 각별한 처리가 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 Ti-IrO2전극을 이용하여 NaCl 첨가, 인가전압 변화를 통해 수용성 절삭유 내 오염물질의 전기화학적 처리에 미치는 영향을 검토하고, 수용성 절삭유의 전기화학적 처리에 대한 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 시료는 U사의 W1-1종 수용성 절삭유를 이용하였으며 증류수와 혼합하여 5% 농도의 인공 시료를 제조하였다. 시료의 특성은 Table 1, 실험 조건은 Table 2에 나타내었다.