This paper shows how effectively sonar data can be worked with approaches suggested for the indoor SLAM (Simultaneous Localization And Mapping). A sonar sensor occasionally provides wrong distance range due to the wide beam width and the specular reflection phenomenon. To overcome weak points enough to use for the SLAM, several approaches are proposed. First, distance ranges acquired from the same object have been stored by using the FPA (Footprint-association) model, which associates two sonar footprints into a hypothesized circle frame. Using the Least Squares method, a line feature is extracted from the data stored through the FPA model. By using raw sonar data together with the extracted features as observations, the visibility for landmarks can be improved, and the SLAM performance can be stabilized. Additionally, the SP (Symmetries and Perturbations) model, a representation of uncertain geometric information that combines the probability theory and the theory of symmetries, is applied in this paper. The proposed methods have been tested in a real home environment with a mobile robot.

본 연구에서는 국내에서 유통되고 있는 청국장을 수집하고 품질 특성을 분석하였으며, 우수한 품질의 청국장 제조를 위한 종균 개발의 기초 자료로 활용하고자 한다. 먼저 국내에서 시판 되는 청국장을 수집하여 분석한 결과, 수분함량은 56.3∼62.1%, 염도는 0.23∼11.51%, 총질소 함량과 아미노태 질소 함량은 각각 5.82∼8.76%, 173.71∼2,700.66 mg%를 나타내었다. 총질소에 대한 아미노태 질소 함량의 비를 나타내는 질소분해율은 2.88∼26.93%를 나타내었다. 수집된 청국장의 최대 히스타민과 티라민 함량은 각각 755.40, 1913.51 mg/kg로 나타냈다. 청국장의 최대 생균수는 9.6 × 109 CFU/g이었다. 이상의 결과로 국내 청국장은 종류가 매우 다양하며 제품마다 풍미와 영양성분이 현저한 차이가 있음을 확인하였다. 이는 지역마다 다른 품종의 원료대두의 사용 및 균일화·체계화되지 못한 발효공정에 기인한 것이라 사료된다.

Currently, environment-friendly and sustainable fisheries are one of the major issues among fisheries authorities. A variety of alternative management policies and projects are going on to enhance fisheries management systems and fishery resources such as a TAC management program and a VDS (Vessel Day Scheme) management scheme for distant water fishing nations in Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC) convention area. These kinds of efforts among fisheries management authorities are aimed at limiting fishing capacity or fishing power. In terms of fisheries management, Fishing capacity and fishing power have increased the importance of the impact on a fishery and level of the resources. Increased fishing capacity and fishing power have caused not only depletion of fisheries resource, but also additional fishing cost. therefore, there is a clear need for authorities to manage fishing capacity and fishing power. It is also help ensure the conservation and sustainability of the fishery resources. Because of lack of data, absolute fishing power is difficulty to measure. The notion of relative fishing power is frequently used. In this study, relative fishing power was assessed using Mastuda (1991) method for fishing power index. The raw data for assessment was based on fishermen's logbook data from sampled fishing vessels in coastal snow crab gillnet fishery. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method was used to assess fishing capacity. DEA is a linear programming methodology to measure the efficiency of a set of entities called Decision-Making Units (DMUs). It was recommended by FAO for assessing capacity in fisheries.

The mesh selectivity of a drift net for yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis) was examined in field experiments with six different net mesh size (40, 45, 50, 55, 60 and 65mm) from April to December, 2008 in the coastal areas of Jeollanam-do in Korea. The total catch of 6,748 consisted of yellow croaker (n=6,310; 89.1% of total catch), common mackerel (n=158; 5.6%) and other species (n=280; 9.6%). The selectivity curve for yellow croaker was fit by the models of selectivity curve in SELECT method. The optimal mesh size for 50% retention for minimum landing size (191mm) of yellow croaker was estimated as 49.6mm-51mm by selectivity curves. And the bi-normal model for the selectivity curve was found to fit the data best.

For the optimal design of a shrimp pot to control the catch size and to reduce catch the small size shrimp, tank experiments were carried out to study the pot stability under water. Tank experiments were carried out to measure the drag with 4 kinds of model pots that have 50% selection on the individual of 25mm carapace length. The drag of each pot was measured every 10 times with changing the current speeds from 0.1m/s to 0.7m/s in 0.1m/s intervals and the pot attack angle from 0˚ to 90˚ in 15˚ interval in a flume tank. The relation between the current speed and drag was presented. The stability of pot was estimated using the drag data and the friction data of Kim et al. (2008b). The results showed that, the drag was shown lower as small as the projected area of pot depending on the current speeds and angles. The model pots were showed to slide on the seabed in case of rock at the current speeds 0.35-0.38m/s and the possibility of turn over at the current speeds 0.77-0.89m/s. In conclusion, the stability of a shrimp pot showed more stable as the pot of the lower the height and the smaller projected area on current.

The quality properties of peeled ginger (PG) were investigated during CA storage at different CO₂concentrations. O₂ concentration was kept constant at 5% while CO₂of 6%, 14%, 22% and 30% were used. It was found that the weight loss rate tended to decrease with an increase of CO₂. In the case of fixed 10 ℃ storage, the Lvalue and a-value of the exterior color in treatment increased more than that of control with respect to time, while the b-value of the exterior color and the cutting plane color showed no significant difference. In the exterior color, the results of PG-25 ℃ showed similar with PG-10 ℃ except b-value of the exterior color which showed not a little change. The cutting plane color did not showed significantly difference in the PG samples between 25 ℃ and 10 ℃ . Hardness of the PG during storage was found to decrease most severely at 6% of CO₂concentration regardless of storage temperature. The growth of microorganisms during storage of the PG tended to be restrained as CO₂concentration increased. However, microorganisms, when maintained at 25 ℃ storage, multiplied rapidly to 10^8 CFU/g within 4 days regardless of concentration.

One of the most important objectives of post-marketing monitoring of dietary supplements is the early detection of unknown and unexpected adverse events (AEs). Several causality algorithms, such as the Naranjo scale, the RUCAM scale, and the M&V scale are available for the estimation of the likelihood of causation between a product and an AE. Based on the existing algorithms, the Korea Food & Drug Administration has developed a new algorithm tool to reflect the characteristics of dietary supplements in the causality analysis. However, additional work will be required to confirm if the newly developed algorithm tool has reasonable sensitivity and not to generate an unacceptable number of false positives signals.

Rabies is a zoonotic disease that causes severe destruction to the central nerve system which is usually fatal. It is one of the most important disease around the world and particular in Asia because of the high costs of prevention and post-exposure treatment. After the recurrence of sylvatic rabies in 1993, the number of raccoon dog mediating rabies cases in Korea has maintained annually until 2011. To better understand the current rabies epidemics in Korea, Korean rabies isolate (SKRBV0601GY) from Gyeonggi province in 2006 was compared with previous isolates in Korea and with isolates originating from the North-East Asia, such as Japan, China and Russia, based on complete nucleoprotein (N) gene sequences. By comparison of the N genes among these viruses, SKRBV0601GY revealed that nucleotide similarity ranged from 97.7 to 99.7%, 96.4 to 97.5%, 91.4 to 96.3%, 89.2 to 90% and 86.1 to 88.1% with Korean isolates, "Arctic-like-2" viruses, "Arctic" viruses, Russian group C - E and Chinese isolates, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses of the isolates revealed that the Korean isolate in 2006 belonged to Korean group B. The topology of the phylogenetic tree of Korean isolates related not the species and year of isolation but the geological location of the virus isolates. All of the Korean isolates showed close relationship to the "Arctic-like-2" virus (Russian group B) more than the "Arctic" virus (Russian group A) and all of the Chinese isolates (Chinese group A, B and C). The "Arctic-like-2" virus group contains the Japanese isolate and Russian group B viruses, originating from the south of East Siberia and Far East in Russia. These molecular data demonstrated that the current rabies epizootic in Korea developed independently of Chinese groups and originated from the "arctic-like-2" viruses in detail.

창업과 벤처기업의 혁신활동이 산업발전과 경제성장의 원동력으로 작용하고 있는 가운데 이들을 육성하고 발전시키는 테크노파크와 인큐베이터의 중요성은 날로 증대되고 있다. 본 연구는 문헌리뷰를 통해 인큐베이터의 성과 측정을 위한 지표를 다양한 이론적 시점에서 제시하고자 한다. 인큐베이터의 성과결정요인으로 입주기업에 제공하는 자원 종류와 형태를 분석하는 자원중심론 분석, 인큐베이터가 가지는 전략의 패턴, 그리고 입주기업을 지원하는 사회적 네트워크 분석을 제시한다. 그리고 향후 진행되어야 할 연구방향으로서 인큐베이터의 거버넌스의 패턴과 그 영향, 외부 콘텍스트의 차이가 가져오는 효과 그리고 정부의 인큐베이터 정책성과에 관한 연구의 중요성을 강조하고 있다.

본 논문에서는 1:5 축소 10층 내력벽식 철근콘크리트(RC) 내력벽식 공동주택의 지진모의실험의 결과를 제시한다. 실험의 결과는 다음과 같다. (1) 본 실험 모델에서 재현주기 50년 지진에 대해서는 선형 탄성응답을 보이며, 우리나라의 설계지진에 대해서는 비선형 거동을 확인할 수 있다. (2) 재현주기 2400년의 최대지진에 대해 실험체의 강성 및 강도 저하가 현저하게 나타났다. (3) 횡 관성력에 대한 주 저항은 주로 엘리베이터 홀과 계단실 벽체로부터 유래되었다. (4) 실험체의 손상 및 파괴 모드는 벽과 슬래브의 휨 거동에 의해 지배되었다. 가진의 크기가 증가 할수록 현저한 강성의 저하와 고유주기의 증가가 발생하였다.

본 연구의 목적은 지진모의실험을 위한 1:5 축소 10층 R.C. 공동주택 모델의 제작과정을 통하여, 실험체의 효율적인 설계 및 제작 과정을 개발하는 것이다. 실험체의 축소율은 가용한 진동대의 크기(5m{\times}5m)와 최대 허용무게(600kN)및 모델 철근(D3 볼트, {\phi}2 강선)의 경제성과 상용성을 고려하여 결정하였다. 모델 철근은 현장에 바로 설치하기 어렵기 때문에 철망을 제작한 후 현장에서 조립하였다. 벽체와 슬래브를 동시에 타설할 경우 거푸집의 탈형이 매우 어렵기 때문에, 벽체를 먼저 타설하고 양생 후 탈형한 뒤 슬래브 거푸집을 설치하였다. 벽체 거푸집은 반복 사용이 가능한 Slip form 형태로 한쪽은 합판, 다른 한쪽은 아크릴로 제작하여 타설시 밀실도를 확인할 수 있도록 하였다. 1:5 축소 10층 R.C. 공동주택모델을 제작하기 위해 총 제작 기간은 약 6개월이 소요되었으며, 전임 연구원 5명, 작업보조원 612명 일의 인원이 투입되었다.

Restaurant managers seeking to maximize revenue should look carefully at how long their tables are occupied and how much the average diner spends. This study examined the effect of the customer's party size on restaurant revenue. The dining periods were divided into 2 types (lunch vs. dinner/weekdays vs. weekends), which were combined to show the average spending per minute (SPM), to determine if the dining periods have measurable effects on the dining duration and average bill. The results show that the dining duration for dinner was much longer than that for lunch and there was no significant difference in dining duration between weekdays and weekends. On the other hand, customers in larger parties at lunch time had a higher SPM than those in smaller parties. A larger customer party size was associated with a longer dining duration for dinner and on weekdays. During all operating periods (lunch, dinner, weekdays, weekends), the party size had a significantly positive effect on the mean spending per minute. For restaurant managers, these findings suggest opportunities to increase revenue and adopt revenue management strategies.

The two purposes of this study were to understand service encounters in Korean restaurants by foreigners living in Korea and to examine the effect of service encounters on the customer's emotion feelings, customer satisfaction, and behavioral intention. Based on the reactions of a total of 614 foreigners obtained by empirical research, this study reviews the reliability and fitness of the research model, and verifies a total of 4 hypotheses using the Amos program. The hypothesized relationships in the model were tested simultaneously using a structural equation model (SEM). The proposed model provided an adequate fit to the data: χ2 683.466 (df=216), CMIN/df 3.164, RMR 0.095, GFI 0.911, AGFI 0.886, NFI 0.933, CFI 0.953, and RMSEA 0.059. As a result of empirical analysis, the physical environment, interactions with employees, and interactions with other customers were quantified as service encounter factors in Korean restaurants. These factors were indicated to have an influence on customer's emotion feelings. Also, customer's emotion feelings had a positive influence on customer satisfaction and behavioral intent. Limitations and future research are also discussed.

The aim of this study was to classify Korean consumers based on their food-related lifestyle type, and to investigate the relationship between sushi consumption and food-related lifestyle type. Self-reported questionnaires were completed by 300 Korean adults. The SPSS 18.0 program was used to analyze the samples. Data was analyzed by frequency, descriptive factor, reliability, cluster analysis, ANOVA, and chi-square test. A factor analysis extracted four factors comprising foodrelated lifestyle, which we named Health-seeking (factor 1), Taste-seeking (factor 2), Convenience-seeking (factor 3), and Economy-seeking (factor 4). According to a cluster analysis based on those four factors, consumers were classified into three clusters. Cluster 1 was the Taste and Health-seeking cluster, Cluster 2 was the Convenience-seeking cluster, and Cluster 3 was the Passive Eating Habits cluster. The results also indicated that the selection attributes of each cluster were significantly different in terms of perception, the global state of sushi, sushi preference, frequency, companions, place of sushi consumption, and preference for different sushi sub-ingredients. Based on these results, consumer characteristics in the sushi market are discussed.

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate anti-tumor activity and detect what compounds affect its activity form Alpinia officinarum Hance. Two fractions, methanol and ethylacetate, were isolated by Amberlite XAD-2 resin column chromatography from methanol extract of the rhizomes of Alpinia officinarum. In hollow fiber assay, the methanol extract and methanol fraction were found to inhibit the tumor growth against colon tumor cell lines such as Colo-320, HCT116 and WiDr. Three diarylheptanoids [5-hydroxy-1, 7-diphenyl-3-heptanone, 5-hydroxy-7-(4``-hydroxy-3``-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl- 3-heptanone and 3, 5-dihydroxy-1, 7-diphenylheptane] and two flavonoids [galangin and kaempheride] were isolated and identified from the methanol fraction, which is higher activity than ethylacetate fraction. Among these diarylheptanoids and flavonoids, 3, 5-dihydroxy-1, 7-diphenylheptane, galangin and kaempheride as active components on anti-tumor activity were mainly posited in methanol fraction.

벼 담수표면산파재배시 주요 품종들의 적응성을 평가하기위하여 1996~1998년에 국립식량과학원 벼맥류부 벼 시험포장에서 공시품종들의 중요한 형질인 입모율, 도복 및 수량성 등을 검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 입모율이 80% 이상인 품종은 동안벼, 호안벼, 동진벼,80% 이하인 품종은 화영벼, 팔공벼, 대산벼 등 이었다. 2. 도복이 발생하지 않았거나 경미한 품종은 대산벼, 동안벼,금남벼, 안산벼, 주안벼, 안중벼, 화남벼, 금남벼, 오봉벼, 도복발생이 심했던 품종은 금오벼, 화영벼, 동진벼, 낙동벼 이었다. 3. 당 수수와 수당립수는 조생종이 중생종과 중만생종에 비하여 현저히 적었고, 등숙비율은 중생종과 중만생종간에는 차이가 없었으나 조생종은 다소 낮았다. 4. 쌀 수량은 중만생종과 중생종간에는 별 차이가 없었으나,조생종은 4품종 모두 중생종과 중만생종 품종보다 0.79~0.85MT/ha정도 낮았다. 5. 따라서 벼 담수표면산파재배시 주요 품종들의 입모, 도복 및 수량성 등을 평가해 본 결과 적응성이 양호한 품종은 동안 벼, 대산벼, 호안벼 이었다.