Coal briquette ash is an inorganic and non-combustible material. Although coal briquette ash is mainly composed of SiO2, Al2O3, and is an acceptable raw industrial material (containing Fe2O3, K2O, MgO, CaO, TiO2, and Na2O), it is merely considered waste and is exploited as a building material for concrete admixtures and bricks. Because mullite (3Al2O3 2SiO2), which coal briquette ash contains, is a stable compound with a crystalline structure, it plays essential roles in its fracture strength and bending strength. This study serves the purpose of developing environmentally friendly, economical clay bodies through the use of coal briquette ash as a substitute for kaolin to provide Al2O3 and SiO2. We also investigated the seed effects during sintering process by feeding mullite directly into clay bodies. The results show that in 1,300°C heat, a mixture of 40% coal briquette ash, 40% feldspar/limestone (8 : 2), and 20% clay indicates a fracture strength value of 525 kgf/cm2, an absorption rate of 0.72%, burning shrinkage of 11.5%, and an average bending strength of 0.6 cm, which is superior to other clay bodies. The addition of coral briquette ash in clay bodies promoted mullite formation and grew as mullite acted as a seed. In addition to the developing clay bodies, it can also make an oatmeal-colored glaze to widen the spectrum of its usability. This study will help resolve waste problems, reduce environmental pollution, and raise economic value by using coal briquette ash as a raw material for ceramics. Clay bodies made with coal briquette ash are expected to continuously contribute to the development of the ceramics industry with upcycling effects.

In this study the physicochemical properties and antioxidant capacities of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc) Jungkwa with different kinds of sweeteners were determined. Jungkwa made with different sugars (sugar, xylitol, honey or oligosaccharides) were compared in aspect of physiochemical properties, antioxidant activities, total phenolic contents and sensory evaluation. Moisture contents Jungkwa treated different kinds of oligosaccarides showed highest value, in the order of honey, xylitol and sugar. L* value of Jungkwa treated with xylitol was the highest, a* value of Jungkwa treated with honey, sugar Jungkwa were higher then others. Free sugar contents of Jungkwa treated with sugar showed the highest value in sucrose, glucose and galactose. Jungkwa with xylitol showed lowest value in all free sugar contents. Hardness and chewiness of Jungkwa treated with xylitol showed the highest value. The antioxidant activity measured by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity and total penolic content were the highest in Jungkwa treated with honey, followed by Jungkwa treated with xylitol, oligosaccharides and sugar. Appearance and color of oligosaccarides and honey treated Jungkwa were preferred. In ginger taste, sweetness, chewiness were highest in sugar treated Jungkwa (not significant difference in treatments). As a result, honey treated Jungkwa has higher antioxidant activity and quality than other sugar treatments.

Regional climate simulations for the CORDEX East Asia domain were conducted between 1981 and 2100 using five models to project future climate change based on RCP2.6, 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5 scenarios. By using the ensemble mean of five model results, future changes in climate zones and four extreme temperature events of South Korea were investigated according to Köppen-Trewartha’s classification criteria. The four temporal periods of historical (1981-2005), early future (2021-2040), middle future (2041-2070), and late future (2071-2100) were defined to examine future changes. The analysis domain was divided into 230 administrative districts of South Korea. In historical (1981-2005) period, the subtropical zones are only dominant in the southern coastal regions and Jeju island, while those tend to expand in the future periods. Depending on the RCP scenarios, the more radiative forcing results in the larger subtropical zone over South Korea in the future. The expansion of the subtropical zone in metropolitan areas is more evident than that in rural areas. In addition, the enlargement of the subtropical zone in coastal regions is more prominent than that of in inland regions. Particularly, the subtropical climate zone for the late future period of RCP8.5 scenario is significantly dominant in most South Korea. All scenarios show that cold related extreme temperature events are expected to decrease and hot related extreme temperature events to increase in late future. This study can be utilized by administrative districts for the strategic plan of responses to future climate change.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of high temperature on the stem, leaf and grain of barley during the ripening period and to provide information for the development of high-temperature cultivation techniques and adaptive varieties. We used an artificial climate control facility, to provide a temperature 3℃ higher than the normal average temperature during the ripening stage. Although the maximum rate of starch synthesis was increased at high temperature by approximately 11%, the starch content was decreased, because the period of starch synthesis ended 4 days earlier. As in the case of starch synthesis, the expression of genes related to starch synthesis was increased at the early ripening stage in the high temperature treatment, however, the duration of expression tended to decrease rapidly. Furthermore, the partitioning rate of assimilation products in the panicle increased to a greater extent in the high temperature treatment than in the control. In contrast, for the stem and leaf, the partitioning rate of assimilation products decreased more rapidly in the high temperature treatment than in the control. On the basis of these results, it can be considered that the translocation rate of assimilation products increased to a greater extent in the high temperature treatment than in the control at the early ripening stage. These results indicate that the decrease in grain weight at high temperature during the ripening stage is attributable to an increase in the speed of starch synthesis at high temperature, but the increase in ripening speed does not compensate for the shortening of the ripening period. Finally to develop varieties and cultivation techniques suited to high temperature, we need to focus on physiological characteristics related to the duration of starch synthesis.

The increase in the frequency of occurrence of abnormal weather could include severe rainfall, which could cause rice submergence during the ripening stage. This experiment was conducted to clarify the effects of submergence during the ripening period on yield and quality of rice. The flooding treatment was conducted at 7 and 14 days after heading. Flooding conditions were created with two conditions, flag leaf exposed and overhead flooding, and each condition was divided into two conditions according to water quality—clear and muddy. Although the yield decrease was more severe at 7 days after heading because of the decrease in the ripening ratio, the head rice ratio was more affected at 14 days after heading because of the increase in the chalky kernel ratio. The maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm), which indicates the photosynthetic efficiency, did not differ before and after the flooding treatment until flooding continued for 4 days. In addition, stem elongation occurred because of flooding as an avoidance mechanism in japonica rice. This phenomenon was expected to decrease the supply of assimilation products to the spikelet (sink). Overall, it was suggested that additional experiments should be conducted examining the change in the starch synthesis mechanism and transfer of assimilate products resulting from submergence, for development of cultivation techniques corresponding to submergence and breeding of varieties with submergence tolerance characteristics.

게임유저는 게임콘텐츠에서 묘사된 정보를 바탕으로 특정 국가에 대한 문화적 이미지를 형성 한다. 대전액션게임은 다양한 게임콘텐츠 장르 중 하나이며, 대게 국가별 게임캐릭터와 게임스 테이지를 제공한다. 본 연구에서는 대전액션게임인 킹오브파이터즈(King of Fighters, KOF) 시 리즈에서 묘사된 한국인 게임캐릭터와 한국의 게임스테이지를 살펴봄으로서, 게임유저가 형성 할 수 있는 한국의 문화적 이미지에 대하여 분석하였다. 초기의 KOF94부터 KOF2003까지 총 10개의 KOF시리즈를 연구한 결과, KOF시리즈 초기작에서는 한국의 문화적 이미지가 매우 부 정적으로 묘사되었음이 관찰되었다. 그러나 이러한 한국문화에 대한 부정적인 측면은 새로운 시리즈가 발매될수록 감소되었으며, 특히 국내 기업의 자금을 지원받아 제작된 KOF2001과 KOF2002에서는 한국의 긍정적인 문화적 이미지가 강화되었음을 확인하였다.

최근 대학생 및 청년의 게임 및 인터넷 과몰입에 대한 문제가 사회적으로 대두되면서 청소년 뿐만 아니라 대학생 또는 성인들 또한 많은 문 제가 되고 있다. 그중 비교적 스스로 시간을 분배하고 혼자만의 시간이 많은 대학생 또는 20대 초중반의 성인들을 대상자로 정하여 게임 및 인터넷 과몰입에 대한 문제를 원예치료 프로그램을 통해 개선점과 선호도 및 기대효과를 알아보기 위함이다. 게임 및 인터넷 과몰입 대상 자 선별은 1곳의 pc방 사용시간이 100시간 이상인 대상자로 한국정보화진흥원(스마트 쉼센터)에서 배포한 인터넷중독진단(성인대상) 척 도를 사용하여 15문항 기준 43점 이상으로 잠재적 위험 사용자군에 해당하는 대학생 또는 청년들 총 남녀 14명을 선별 후 실험군 7명, 대조 군 7명으로 원예치료 프로그램을 실시하였다. 실험군은 총 주 1회씩 13회기 약 3 개월 정도 원예치료 프로그램 실행 후 사전 과 사후에 동일 한 총 6개의 측정도구를 사용하였고, 대조군은 1회기가 시작될 때 6개 측정도구를 실시하였고 3개월 후 13회기 진행할 때 동일한 측정도구 를 통해 실시하였다. 위와 같이 프로그램을 진행한 실험군과 그렇지 않은 대조군의 차이를 관찰 했으며 그 결과 3개월 후 게임 및 인터넷 과 몰입의 정도가 원예치료 프로그램을 진행한 실험군이 그렇지 않은 대조군의 비하여 효과적이었음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 연구결과에 따 라 대학생 및 청년의 게임 및 인터넷 과몰입 대상자가 원예치료를 통해 긍정적인 영향을 얻는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 본 연구에서는 명확 하고 객관적인 근거를 기반으로 대상자를 선별하기에 부족함이 있었으며 조금 더 객관적인 근거를 기반으로 대상자를 선별할 수 있는 방법 을 통해 추가적으로 연구되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

보험설계사는 직무 특성상 고객과의 대면을 통해 업무를 수행하며, 고객의 불평행동이 직무스트레스를 유발하고(Lovelock, 2000. Harris, 2003), 감정노동에 작용하는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 고객으로부터 발생되는 스트레스가 사회적으로 부적절한 행동을 하는 일탈적 고객행 동(Mills and Bonoma, 1979)으로부터 야기될 때는 개인의 직무에 심각한 문제를 야기할 수 있다. 본 연구는 거대한 직종으로 자리매김한 보험설계사를 대상으로 감정노동에 초점을 두고 절화장식이 정신건강과 직무스트레스에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 한다. 본 연구는 2017 년 5월 16일~19일까지 경남 진주시 A 보험사 회의실에서 근무하는 근로자 12명을 대상으로 단일처리 연구를 진행하였다. 연구의 결과로 는 정신건강, 감정노동, 직무스트레스에 대한 효과는 크게 나타나지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 꽃장식을 하기 전에 비해 장식 이 후 주 의회복이 유의적으로 변화하였음을 알 수 있었으며(p<.000), 이는 자연환경을 접할 때 주의회복이 더 잘 될 수 있다고 밝히 여러 선행 연구 들과 유사한 결과였다(Lee, 2011). 이러한 Lee and Hyun(2003,2004)에 따르면 주의회복의 증가는 스트레스 완화 및 정서 증진에 긍정적인 영향을 얻을 수 있다고 하였고, 또한 휴식 및 재충전의 기능에 밀접하게 연관된다고 하였다. 본 연구에서는 처리기간이 짧아 유의적인 효과 를 보지 못하였지만, 좀 더 장기간의 처리가 이루어진다면 사무공간 내 꽃장식은 추후 보험설계사의 직무스트레스나 정신건강에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 것이라 예상된다.

For the use of recycled aggregate concrete, the early strength is evaluated. The test variables are replacement ratio of recycled aggregate, steel fiber and blast furnace slag powder. For this, 6th concrete mixing plan is prepared. As a result, it is evaluated that the early strength depends on the steel fiber volume fraction and replacement ratio of blast furnace slag powder.

In this study, the effect of electromagnetic wave from an electronic device on electric sensor system and optic sensor were analyzed to verify the reduction effect of a optic sensor and applicability to marin structure. Test revealed that optic sensor system was not occurred the noise by electromagnetic waves also had the low range of fluctuation.

This research proposed MPC (Magnesia Phosphate Composite) mortar as a rapid repair material. But because this rapid reactivity inherently has issues related to microcracking caused by expansion and reaction heat, retarder and fibers are proposed to be used to control the hardening rate and cracking.

The aim of this study is a large amount use of recycled aggregates. The considering recycled aggregates replacement ratio is 50% that of natural aggregates. In order to increase the shear capacity of beams, that may be weaken by use of recycled aggregates, steel fibers are reinforced. The main variables are steel fiber volume fractions such as 0%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1.0%. After the test, it could confirm that the strength and deformation capacity of beams with the steel fiber content values of 0.5% and 0.75% are comprehensively enhanced compared to non reinforcement. After evaluating the shear strength by using shear strength equations of previous researches, it concluded that the strength equation of Oh et al. (2008) is able to predict the shear strength of SFRC beams on the safety side.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of red ginseng drinks as school meal drinks for 456 middle and high school students in Cheongdo-gun, North Gyeongsang Province. In preliminary studies, we focused on saponin with an efficacy of Rg 1 and Rg 2 in prepared red ginseng drinks. The health benefits and sensory characteristics were also investigated. For the frequency analysis, the satisfaction of the drinks as beverages serving as a school meal was relatively low, and the demand for fruit drinks was high. The result of sensory evaluations indicated a positive response of > 50.0% for the container packaging and design, daily intake, and tastes. Regarding the correlation analysis on red ginseng drinks, there were significant differences (p < 0.01) in the response to packaging (a daily intake) and design. In addition, health and learning benefits showed a very high correlation at the p < 0.01 significance level.

For the use of recycled aggregate concrete, the early strength is evaluated. The test variables are replacement ratio of recycled aggregate, steel fiber and blast furnace slag powder. For this, 6th concrete mixing plan is prepared. As a result, it is evaluated that the early strength depends on the steel fiber volume fraction and replacement ratio of blast furnace slag powder.

In this study, the effect of electromagnetic wave from an electronic device on electric sensor system and optic sensor were analyzed to verify the reduction effect of a optic sensor and applicability to marin structure. Test revealed that optic sensor system was not occurred the noise by electromagnetic waves also had the low range of fluctuation.

This research proposed MPC (Magnesia Phosphate Composite) mortar as a rapid repair material. But because this rapid reactivity inherently has issues related to microcracking caused by expansion and reaction heat, retarder and fibers are proposed to be used to control the hardening rate and cracking

본 연구에서는 수용액상에서 자기조립 나노입자를 형성할 수 있는 레티노익산이 접목된 양친성 폴리아미 노산 유도체를 합성하였다. 합성한 양친성 폴리아미노산은 레티노익산의 접목도가 각각 5, 10, 30 mol%가 되도 록 조절하였다. 수용액 상에서 양친성 폴리아미노산은 소수성 레티노익산의 분자 결합에 의해 안정한 자기조립 나노입자를 형성하였다. 자기조립 나노입자는 레티노익산의 접목도가 증가할수록 크기는 작아지고 형태는 구형 에서 이중층 구조로 전이되었다. 또한 접목도가 10%일 때, 자기조립 입자의 구조 붕괴 없이 레티놀의 포집 및 전달이 가장 효과적인 것을 확인하였다. 접목도가 제어된 자기조립입자는 레티놀을 안정적으로 포집할 수 있기 때문에 주름개선제 및 다양한 기능성 화장품 전달체로 활용될 수 있다

선반 스크랩은 금속 가공 공정에서 선반 및 밀링 작업에 의해 발생된 철강제품의 부산물이므로, 섬유보강 시멘트 복합체 제작시 이 를 활용할 경우 경제성뿐만 아니라 환경 친화적인 효과를 가져온다. 따라서 이 연구의 목적은 강섬유 대체재료로서 선반 스크랩의 활용 방안을 제시하기 위하여 선반 스크랩 보강 시멘트 복합체(LSRCCs)의 작업성 및 강도 특성을 평가하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 금속 가공공장에서 3종류 의 선반 스크랩을 채취한 후 폭 2 mm, 길이 40 mm로 가공하여 LSRCCs를 제작하였다. 그 결과, LSRCCs의 작업성은 플레인 모르타르보다 약 간 저하되었고, 휨강도는 크게 개선되었으며, 선반 스크랩의 종류가 LSRCCs의 특성에 다소 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.