철근콘크리트부재가 갖는 균열의 발생, 항복 및 파괴 등의 단계별 역학적 거동의 특성을 정확히 예측하고 모사할 수 있는 해석기법의 개발을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해서 균열발생후의 철근과 콘크리트의 부착거동, 균열면에서의 골재의 맞물림 거동 및 철근항복후의 모델링 등에 의해서 반복하중을 받는 철근콘크리트 구조부재의 항복후 파괴거동을 예측할 수 있는 해석모델을 개발하였다. 두께가 서로 다릉 부재간의 접합부에서는 단면강성이 급변하기 때문에 기초의 바닥으로부터 철근의 인발, 접합면의 미끄러짐 및 접합면의 관입 등의 국소적인 불연속 변형이 집중하게 된다. 이와 같은 국소적인 불연속 교각구조의 변형능력에 미치는 기여도는 일반적으로 무시할 수 없는 정도이므로, 불연속 변형을 고려하기 위한 접합요소(joint element)를 도입하였다. 또한 축방향철근 및 횡방향 구속철근의 유무 및 그 양 등에 따른 구속효과를 적절히 표현할 수 있는 해석모델을 개발하였다. 각각의 해석모델들을 조합한 유한요소 해석프로그램에 의한 결과를 다른 연구자들의 결과와 비교하여 타당성을 검증하였다.

The modification of rice powder was attempted by treatment of acetic acid and epichlorohydrin to improve the functional properties of baby food. The initial gelatinization temperature of rice powder determined by amylograph was decreased from 79.5℃ to 63℃ by modification. The apparent and maxium viscosity of rice paste at 95℃ before and after modification were increased from 92B.U. to 236B.U. and from 100B.U. to 202B.U., respectively. The light transmittance of modified rice paste was increased from the temperature of 60℃ and by increasing the degree of substitution at the fixed temperature, while decrease more or less by the treatment of epichlorohydrin. The degree of retrogradation of the paste was decreased from 28.7 to 18.0 upon modification. The rate of syneresis of modified rice powder was decreased with increasing the drgree of substitution and ,the extend of epichlorohydrin treatment. Syneresis was not observed when acetylated rice powder whose DS value is 0.048 was treated with 0.25% of epichlorohydrin for the formation of cross-linkage. The addition of modified rice powder in preparation of semi-solid type infant food could improve the quality without lowering overall digestibility.

Starch plays an important role in textural quality of infant food which is mainly affected by retrogradation of starch during storage. The acetylated rice was prepared and its physicochemical properties were evaluated to improve the textural quality of infant food when added. When the rice powder was reacted with acetic acid with its increasing concentration from 0.1 M, 0.2 M to 0.3 M, the amount of acetyl group and degree of substitution were increased by 0.39%, 0.8% and 1.27%, and by 0.0014, 0.031 and 0.048, respectively. The initial gelatinization temperature of rice paste determined by amylograph was decreased from 79.5℃ of unmodified rice to 67.5℃ of acetylated rice whose DS is 0.048. The apparent and maxium viscosity of rice paste at 95℃ before and after modification were increased from 92 B.U. to 201 B.U. and from 100 B.U. to 236 B.U., respectively, The degree of retrogradation and rate of syneresis were decreased from 28.7 to 18.8 and from 0.47% to 0.25%, respectively with increased by DS from 0 to 0.048. The digestibility rate of rice powder decreased from 9.19 of natural rice powder to 7.54 of acetylated rice powder whose DS is 0.048. In United State, there is no serious problem in total digestibility because only 4% of modified rice powder is added in production of infant food.

The establishment of optimal producing condition for rice-based infant foods using modified rice powder was attempted. The modification of rice powder was prepared by microwave heating as well as partial enzymatic hydrolysis. Not only thermal treatment but also enzymatic hydrolysis on rice powder increased D.E. value from 1.25 to 3.81. The water binding capacity, swelling power, solubility, digestibility by α-amylase, light transparency, and paste clarity of the modified rice powder compared to unmodified rice powder were increased from 107% to 249%, from 7.80 to 42.52, from 0.04% to 0.89ft, from 9.19% to 23.01, from 33% to 42%, and from 2.2% to 3.9%, respectively. On the other hand, gelatinization temperature, apparent viscosity, and degree of retrogradation of modified rice powder showed negative correlation with D.E. value. The 「results suggested that the thermal and enzymatic treatment on rice powder improved the physicochemical properties of rice based infant food by enhancing carbohydrate absorptionability and lowering the viscosity and opacity.

본 연구는 하천환경의 생태적 재생을 목적으로 자연형 저수로 호안공법을 개발하기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 실험하펀으로 선정한 양재천 학여울 구간에 사주부, 수충부, 얕은 만 3가지 유형의 하안경관 특성에 따라 촌 10가지 공법을 개발, 시험 족용하였다. 각 호안공법의 설계에서는 정수식물의 식재에 중점을 두었으며 설계된 공법들은 현장 적용되었고, 적용후 1년간의 경관 형성과정과 식생복원 모니터링을 실시ㅏ였다. 일ㄹ 통해 자연형 저수로 호안공법의 기술적 실행 가능성을 높여, 관행적으로 행해지고 있는 하천공법을 대체할 수 있는 생태적 대안을 제시하였다.

본 시험은 시설내에서 미스티블루 재배시 잡초의 발생을 억제하고 절화의 품질을 향상시키고자 피복재료(볏짚, 투명 polyethylene film 및 흑색 polyethylene film)를 공시하여 그 효과를 구명하고자 실시하였는데 지온의 변화를 4월부터 10월까지 조사한 결과 볏짚피복한 것과 흑색비닐 피복한 것은 온도 상승과 하강이 완만하였으나 투명비닐과 무피복구는 온도 변화가 심하였다. 고온기인 7월과 8월의 지온은 무피복구와 투명비닐피복구가 3℃ 이상 높았다. 피복재료별 잡초발생량은 흑색비닐 피복구가 타피복구나 무피복구에 비해 현저히 적어 잡초발생억제 효과가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 피복처리별 초기의 생육상황을 조사한 결과 흑색비닐피복구가 초장에서 약간 양호하였으나 엽장 등 생육은 큰 차이가 없었다. 화수폭, 화경경, 절화장 및 절화중 등은 흑색비닐피복구가 타처리구에 비해 양호하여 절화품질이 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 피복재료별 1등급 절화비율과 상품화율도 흑색비닐피복구가 90.5%와 81.8%로서 타처리구에 비해 양호한 것으로 나타났다.

Jujube paste was prepared by autoclaving the fresh jujube at 1.2 atm and 120℃ for 30 min and removing the skin and cores. In order to increase the juice yield, the paste was treated with pectinase, cellulase and their combinations. The soluble fractions of enzymatically treated jujube paste were characterized in terms of yield, pH, titratable acidity, color, Bx, transmittance and sugar compositions. The original paste exhibited the water soluble fraction of 57.3%. Of various quality factors, the clarity was the most significantly distinguished between pectinase and cellulase treatments. The cellulase treatment produced the cloudy juice with the yield of 83.60%. On the other hand, the clear juice was produced by the pectinase and combined treatments due to degradation of pectins, whose yields were 79.47% and 85.39%, respectively. The results clearly demonstrated that the pectinase treatments improved the solubilization efficiency and clarity.

비옥도(肥沃度)가 상이(相異)한 토양(土壤)에서 잎담배를 재배(栽培)할 경우 단위면적당(單位面積當) 최대(最大) 수납대금(收納代金)을 확보할 있는 시비량(施肥量)을 결정(決定)하기 위하여 비옥도(肥沃度)에 따라 상(上), 중(中), 하(下)로 구분(區分)하여 시비반응(施肥反應)을 조사(調査)하고 그에 따른 수량(收量)과 품질(品質)을 조사(調査)하였다. 상급지토양(上級地土壤)은 유효인산(有效燐酸), 유기물(有機物) 및 무기태질소(無機態窒素)의 함량(含量)이 높았다. 잎담배 중(中)의 전질소(全窒素), nicotine 및 reducing suger의 함량(含量)은 후엽(厚葉) 3등(等)이 박엽(薄葉) 3등(等)에 비하여 높은 것으로 나타났다. 연초용(煙草用) 복합비료(複合肥料)의 시용량(施用量)을 증가(增加)함에 따라 전질소(全窒素) 및 nicotine의 함량(含量)은 증가(增加)하였고, reducing sugar의 함량(含量)은 감소(減少)하였다. 잎담배의 수량(收量)은 상급지토양(上級地土壤)에서 75kg/10a, 중급지(中級地)와 하급지토양(下級地土壤)에서 100kg/10a이 시비량(施肥量)일 경우 가장 양호(良好)하였다. 잎담배의 수량(收量), 품질(品質) 및 대금(代金)으로 볼 때 적정시비량(適定施肥量)의 한계(限界)는 상급지(上級地)는 50~75kg/10a, 중급지(中級地)와 하급지(下級地)는 100kg/10a이하(以下) 이었다.

Infanthood is a crucial period when mental and emotional developments take place along with physical growth. Adequate supply of nutrition is essential during this period and there is an urgent need for proper education and guidance on balanced nutrition. Therefore, this study tried to set the direction for developing baby food by investigating the conditions of weaning status and mothers perspectives on weaning. According to the result of this study, the average period when interviewees began weaning of their infants is 4.1 months and finishing period of weaning is 14.2 months on average. The frequency of consuming commercial weaning food is once a week. As high as 88.4% and the fruit juice was mainly used as the starting weaning food. The consumtion rate, more than once a day, is as high as 60%, they use commercial weaning food for convenience, especially when they are out. The 65% of surveyed group show rather dissatisfactory view about the commercial weaning food, and wanted improvements and changes. Interviewees wanted to obtain the information on baby food sold in the market and how to prepare baby food through technical literatures, and they frequently relied on commercial baby food due to its convenience. The most desired type of baby food was semi-solid paste in a disposable package that can be stored at room temperature.

Infanthood is a crucial period when mental and emotional developments take place along with physical growth. Adequate supply of nutrition is essential during this period and there is an urgent need for proper education and guidance on balanced nutrition. Therefore, this study was designed to assess to current status of lactation and to investigate mothers' perspectives on human milk and formular milk. As random samples for this study, a total of 352 mothers having infant under the age of 4 were surveyed. 27.3% of mother surveyed were breast-feeding, 38.0% were formula-feeding and 34.7% were mixed-feeding. According to the result of this study, the percentage of breast feeding was on the decrease, while the dependence on formular milk was on the rise. The main reason of formula-feeding was insufficient secretion of human milk on mothers part. The major factors that affect to select feeding method were employment status, degree of education, family income and age. Also, the interviewees desired the product fortified with special ingredients that are hot contained in formular milk currently available in the market. The most concerned problem of formula milk was indigestion and the interviewees wanted the formular milk to be improved digestibility.