With the increase of pesticide consumption, not only pesticide handling population would grow greater but also the chances to be exposed to the pesticides would be also increased. Thus, safe use and handling of the pesticides are becoming more important and serious in these days. The pesticides are well known to most pepole, however there are very limited number of persons who have correct understanding of chamicals. Intoxication cases caused by pesticides have been reported very rarely through the mess media, even they were lack of scientific evidences. In this paper, problems related to pesticide manufacture, transportation, storage, sprays, and residues and their countermeasures were discussed in connection with public health and enviromental aspects. Acute intoxication cases by pesticide handling might be caused accidently either through manufacture, marketing, transportation, or spraying. Safety aspects of workers in manufacturing plants include not only exposure to toxic chemicals, but also posibilities of of explosion and brought about by pesticides and their diluents. The problems of water pollution by waste chemicals from the manufacturing factories were discussed. Packing and loading methods of pesticides for transportation are considered in safety scheme and discussions are given in association with traffic accidents. With regard to warehouse, the pesticide storage, location structure, keepers, and standing materials for emergency are concerned with safety aspects. Concerning the spraying of chemicals, there are some problems to be discussed about clothes, spray equipment, wind direction, spray period, and spray workers condition. After the spray, treatment of used containers, remainder of Pesticides, and spray tools are also discussed. For the dissolutions of problems on public health and environmental danger arising from pesticide residues, there are two legal sanctions, 'Pesticide Tolerances' and 'Pesticide Safe Use Standards'. These regulations are legally effective, however, some problems still remain in practices to implement the acts properly, because these provisions are followed by the far mers mostly. With these regards, most problems are concerned with various sectors and persons, affecting public health and environment from the producers to the end users and consumers. As a whole persons concerned with pesticides, every possible effort has to be assembled to protect hazards from the chemicals. For the foremost place, special training and education are required for managing groups, such as factory managers and agricultural extension workers who are responsible for training the factory workers and farmers. The education is the only way to solve the hazard problems caused by the pesticides.

Early in the growing season of 1976, rain and cool weather favored the blighting of leaves of young plants of barley by Fusarium nivale. The fungus was recovered in culture from infected foliage, and the perithecia of Calonectria nivalis were demonstrated to be present as well as the Fusarium state. On 22 April 1976, in Suweon, plants pulled at random revealed stem lesions from which F. nivale was cultured. On S May 1976 near Kwangju. Perithecia were found embedded within leaf sheaths and blades of mature wheat and barley plants. It was evident in the 1976, 1977 season that Fusarium(Calonectria) nivale was common but unrecognized as an early season pathogen of barley in Korea. The probable source of primary inoculum was the infected refuse from the previous season's barlry and wheat crops. Stem lesions caused by this fungus were considered to he detrimental to the maximum yield of barley or wheat,

초 록 본 실험은 Corynebacterium속 식물병원세균에 관한 연구의 일환으로서 Corynebacterium속 식물병원세균의 종 및 속으로서의 특성을 구명하기 위하여 행하여진 것으로서 균체구성단백의 정량은 Lang의 Messier 변법을 사용하였으며 균채 구성단백의 아미노산정량은 미생물 정량에 의하였다. Corynebacterium 속 식물병원세균은 타속의 병원세균에 비하여 다소 적은양의 균체 구성단백을 가지고 있었으며 균체구성단백의 아미노산, Cystein, Trypthophane, Histidine, Phenylalanine 및 Isoleucin에 있어서도 같은 결과를 나타내었다. 허나 이 현상은 종적 혹은 개체의 균주의 특성으로서 분류에는 관계를 갖지 않고 있음이 밝혀졌다

본 실험은 Corynebacterium속 식물병원세균에 관한 연구의 일환으로서 Corynebacterium속 식물병원세균의 종 및 속으로서의 특성을 구명함과 동시에 C. sepedonicum이 생성하는 Rumiflabin에 기초를 둔 ultraviolet method의 재검토를 위하여 행하여 진 것으로 vitamin B군의 정량은 미생물 정량에 의하였다. 대다수의 식물병원세균은 Thiamine (vitamin ), Nicotinic acid, Biotin 및 안식향산을 생장물질로서 사용하였다. Riboflavin은 corynebacterium속 식물 병원세균 (C. rathay 및 C. fascians는 제외)은 물론 타속의 식문병원세균도 생성하는 점으로 Corynebacterium속 식물병원 세균의 특성이 아니라는 점이 구명되었으며 sepedonicum에 의하여 발생되는 감자의 윤부병과 청고병과의 감별에 사용되어온 Ultra-violet light법은 재검토되어야 한다.

We investigated the chemical composition of the planetary host halo star HD47536 via high-resolution spectral observations recorded using a 1.5 meter Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO) telescope (Chile). Furthermore, we determined the abundances of 38 chemical elements. Both light and heavy elements were overabundant compared to the iron group elements. The abundance pattern of HD47536 was similar to that of halo-type stars, with an enrichment of heavy elements. We analyzed the relationships between the relative abundances of chemical elements and their second ionization potentials and condensation temperatures. We demonstrated that the interplay of charge-exchange reactions owing to the accretion of interstellar matter and the gas-dust separation mechanism can influence the initial abundances and can be used to qualitatively explain the abundance patterns in the atmosphere of HD47536.

The Far-UltraViolet (FUV) imager onboard the Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) spacecraft provides two-dimensional limb images of oxygen airglow in the nightside low-latitude ionosphere that are used to determine the oxygen ion density. As yet, no FUV limb imager has been used for climatological analyses of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles (EPBs). To examine the potential of ICON/FUV for this purpose, we statistically investigate small-scale (~180 km) fluctuations of oxygen ion density in its limb images. The seasonal-longitudinal variations of the fluctuation level reasonably conform to the EPB statistics in existing literature. To further validate the ICON/FUV data quality, we also inspect climatology of the ambient (unfiltered) nightside oxygen ion density. The ambient density exhibits (1) the well-known zonal wavenumber-4 signatures in the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) and (2) off-equatorial enhancement above the Caribbean, both of which agree with previous studies. Merits of ICON/FUV observations over other conventional data sets are discussed in this paper. Furthermore, we suggest possible directions of future work, e.g., synergy between ICON/FUV and the Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission.

The elements that impact the dynamics and collaborations of waves and particles in the magnetosphere of planets have been considered here. Saturn’s internal magnetosphere is determined by substantiated instabilities and discovered to be an exceptional zone of wave activity. Interchanged instability is found to be one of the responsible events in view of temperature anisotropy and energization processes of magnetospheric species. The generated active ions alongside electrons that constitute the populations of highly magnetized planets like Saturn’s ring electron current are taken into consideration in the current framework. The previous and similar method of characteristics and the perturbed distribution function have been used to derive dispersion relation. In incorporating this investigation, the characteristics of electromagnetic ion cyclotron wave (EMIC) waves are determined by the composition of ions in plasmas through which the waves propagate. The effect of ring distribution illustrates non-monotonous description on growth rate (GR) depending upon plasma parameters picked out. Observations made by Cassini found appropriate for modern study, have been applied to the Kronian magnetosphere. Using Maxwellian ring distribution function of ions and detailed mathematical formulation, an expression for dispersion relation as well as GR and real frequency (RF) are evaluated. Analysis of plasma parameters shows that, proliferating EMIC waves are not developed much when propagation is parallelly aligned with magnetosphere as compared to waves propagating in oblique direction. GR for the oblique case, is influenced by temperature anisotropy as well as by alternating current (AC) frequency, whereas it is much affected only by AC frequency for parallel propagating waves.

During their respective missions, the spacecraft Voyager and Cassini measured several Saturn magnetosphere parameters at different radial distances. As a result of information gathered throughout the journey, Voyager 1 discovered hot and cold electron distribution components, number density, and energy in the 6–18 Rs range. Observations made by Voyager of intensity fluctuations in the 20–30 keV range show electrons are situated in the resonance spectrum’s high energy tail. Plasma waves in the magnetosphere can be used to locate Saturn’s inner magnetosphere’s plasma clusters, which are controlled by Saturn’s spin. Electromagnetic electron cyclotron (EMEC) wave ring distribution function has been investigated. Kinetic and linear approaches have been used to study electromagnetic cyclotron (EMEC) wave propagation. EMEC waves’ stability can be assessed by analyzing the dispersion relation’s effect on the ring distribution function. The primary goal of this study is to determine the impact of the magnetosphere parameters which is observed by Cassini. The magnetosphere of Saturn has also been observed. When the plasma parameters are increased as the distribution index, the growth/damping rate increases until the magnetic field model affects the magnetic field at equator, as can be seen in the graphs. We discuss the outputs of our model in the context of measurements made in situ by the Cassini spacecraft.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate dogs' sociality toward human strangers in the absence of an owner by analyzing changes in dogs' behavior during a task of making eye contact with an experimenter to obtain snacks. A total of 17 dogs were divided into groups of high sociality (HS; n = 10, 4.4 ± 3.87 years) and low-sociality (LS; n = 7, 3.71 ± 2.06 years). A comparison of the average frequency of five behavioral types-fear-appeasement behaviors (P<0.001), sociability-related behaviors (P<0.001), stress-related behaviors (P<0.05), destruction (P < 0.001), and vocalization (P < 0.001)-between the groups showed a significant difference in all five categories. Together, these results suggest that dogs with high sociality are less exposed to various stresses and have a higher ability to adapt to new environments than dogs with low sociality. This can predict dogs' adaptability to a new environment and positive outcomes in their daily life with the owner.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of four types of environmental enrichment on the improvement of companion dogs' behavioral problems due to separation anxiety. A total of 21 dogs of various breeds were included in the study. Data were collected to investigate the behaviors associated with anxiety in dogs, including vocalization, elimination, escape attempts, and destructiveness. A first stage, in which the dog and owner were together (P0), lasted 15 min, and a second stage, in which the dog and owner were separated (P1), lasted 15 min. After the dog and owner were separated (P1), the third stage (P2), during which the environment was enriched, lasted 20 min, and the fourth stage, following environment enrichment (P3), lasted 15 min. The results of the study indicated that compared to P0, the frequency of problematic behavior was highest during the 15 min following separation from the owner (P1). Following environmental enrichment, the average frequency of problematic behaviors in P2 decreased (P < 0.001) compared to P1. Environmental enrichment can also be used appropriately in the case of companion dogs, including shelter dogs or experimental dogs that use a limited kennel, and is a particularly effective means of improving the quality of life of dogs.

While Shandong Province is the largest historical and cultural and the first agricultural province in China, in recent years, due to the accelerated urbanization and modernization process, the conflict between traditional culture and modern civilization has had a serious impact on rural culture, and the ancient architecture among the villages in Shandong has also caused certain damage. These ancient buildings scattered in various villages in Shandong are important historical and cultural resources, the embodiment of Shandong traditional culture, and have an important role in the revitalization of rural culture and the enhancement of rural cohesion. However, research on the subsequent survey, conservation and restoration, and tourism development of ancient buildings in Shandong has lagged behind, and the role of these buildings in the inheritance of traditional Shandong traditional culture has not been given due attention, and their role in the construction of rural culture in the new era of Shandong has been seriously neglected. Tourism utilization is generally considered to be the preferred way to solve the conservation problems of ancient buildings. This study argues that the cultural revitalization of rural culture can be driven by the tourism and cultural industry of ancient buildings, and it can also provide a strong and sustainable power source for the rural revitalization strategy of the whole Shandong Province.

The dependencies of the chemical element abundances in stellar atmospheres with respect to solar abundances on the second ionization potentials of the same elements were investigated using the published stellar abundance patterns for 1,149 G and K giants in the Local Region of the Galaxy. The correlations between the relative abundances of chemical elements and their second ionization potentials were calculated for groups of stars with effective temperatures between 3,764 and 7,725 K. Correlations were identified for chemical elements with second ionization potentials of 12.5 eV to 20 eV and for elements with second ionization potentials higher than 20 eV. For the first group of elements, the correlation coefficients were positive for stars with effective temperatures lower than 5,300 K and negative for stars with effective temperatures from 5,300 K to 7,725 K. The results of this study and the comparison with earlier results for hotter stars confirm the variations in these correlations with the effective temperature. A possible explanation for the observed effects is the accretion of hydrogen and helium atoms from the interstellar medium.

In this work, the problem of resonance caused by some gravitational potentials due to Mercury and a third body, namely the Sun, together with some non-gravitational perturbations, specifically coronal mass ejections and solar wind in addition to radiation pressure, are investigated. Some simplifying assumptions without loss of accuracy are employed. The considered force model is constructed. Then the Delaunay canonical set is introduced. The Hamiltonian of the problem is obtained then it is expressed in terms of the Deluanay canonical set. The Hamiltonian is re-ordered to adopt it to the perturbation technique used to solve the problem. The Lie transform method is surveyed. The Hamiltonian is doubly averaged. The resonance capture is investigated. Finally, some numerical simulations are illustrated and are analyzed. Many resonant inclinations are revealed.

This research examines the personal (i.e., Machiavellianism) and situational factors (i.e., tax climate) that are believed to be psychologically salient aspects in tax compliance. To the best of our knowledge, no research has been carried out to investigate the interaction effect of the two factors. This study uses a paper-and-pencil laboratory experiment 2x2 between-subject factorial design that involved 158 participants. The results indicate that a taxpayer who has a low Machiavellianism score or who is in a high synergistic tax climate reports a higher level of income. In the high synergistic tax climate, where tax norms apply, personal ethics do not play a significant role in tax compliance decisions. Where the synergistic relationship between taxpayer and authorities is low, personal ethics play an important role, i.e., low Machiavellians report a higher reported income than high Machiavellians do. This research contributes to the literature that deviates from the traditional model of tax compliance. Taxpayers are not always rational, but they might pay tax for reasons other than financial motives (Alm, 1991, 2018), that is, personal ethics in this study. This research implies the need for policymakers to consider other approaches rather than only relying on audits and fines.