Mass production of high-quality carbon nanotubes (CNTs) remains a challenge, requiring the development of new wetimpregnated catalyst suitable for the catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) of CNTs in a fluidized bed reactor. For the successful development of a new catalyst, a highly robust system to synthesize CNTs must be established. Here, we systematically investigated the robustness of CNT synthesis by CCVD using a wet-impregnated catalyst. We statistically tested four factors that could potentially affect the robustness of CNT synthesis system, focusing on carbon yield and IG/ID. First, we tested the effect of vacuum baking before CNT growth. F test and CV equality test concluded that vacuum baking recipe did not significantly reduce the variability of the CNT synthesis. Second, we tested the batch-to-batch variation of catalysts. The results of t test and one-way analysis of variance indicate that there is significant difference in carbon yield and IG/ID among catalysts from different batches. Third, we confirmed that there is spatial non-uniformity of wet-impregnated catalysts within a batch when they are produced in large scale. Finally, we developed a multi-step heating recipe to mitigate the temperature overshooting during the CNT synthesis. The multi-step recipe increased the mean of carbon yield, but did not influence the variability of CNT synthesis. We believe that our research can contribute to the establishment of a robust CNT synthesis system and development of new wet-impregnated catalysts.

본 글은 세계선교와 전도위원회(CWME, 전 국제선교협의회IMC)와 한국교회 간의 1921년에서 2021년까지 관계성에 관한 연구이다. 국제선교 협의회가 1921년 레이크 몽크(Lake Mohonk)에서 창립된 이래 2021년이 바로 백 주년이 되었다. IMC가 1961년 WCC에 합병되는 시기를 기준으로 두 부분으로 나누어볼 수 있다. 첫째, 1921-1961시기에는 레이크 몽크 IMC(1921), 예루살렘IMC(1928), 탐바람IMC(1938), 휘트비IMC(1947), 빌링겐IMC(1952), 아치모타IMC(1957/8) 그리고 뉴델리WCC(1961)이 다. 두 번째 시기인 1963-2021에는 멕시코CWME (1963), 방콕CWME (1972/3), 멜버른CWME(1980), 산 안토니오 CWME(1989), 살바도르 CWME (1996), 아덴CWME(2005), 그리고 아루샤CWME(2018). 대회가 있었다. 1세기 동안의 한국교회와 IMC/CWME 관계 속에서 모교회와 신생교 회 간의 관계, 보수주의자와 에큐메니칼주의자 간의 신학적 양극성, 기독교공 동체에 직접적 영향을 미치지 못하는 문제점이 있었다. 그러므로 동역자의 관계성을 회복하고, 신학적 균형을 유지하며, 변화하는 기독교의 모습을 갖는 것이 미래를 위한 대안이다.

This paper investigates the dissemination of Jesuit publications regarding China and the impact of Johan Nieuhoff’s illustrations on the emergence of English Chinoiserie during the seventeenth century. Despite England’s lagging behind the Roman Catholic powers in Chinese research, the works of Mendoza and Jesuit scholars such as Trigault, Semedo, and Martini were widely disseminated in Europe and heavily relied upon by English writers. These works played a complex role in challenging and reinforcing prevailing stereotypes about European civilization. Moreover, Nieuhoff’s illustrations, produced by a Dutch merchant, had a significant impact on English Chinoiserie and were widely employed in practical arts. The extensive readership and influence of Nieuhoff’s illustrations serve as a testament to their significance, which can be seen in the variety of ways in which they were used to reflect the popularity of English Chinoiseries. By examining the cultural trends that followed and the translated publications available in seventeenth century England, it becomes apparent that the works of the Jesuit missionaries and Nieuhoff’s illustrations played key roles in shaping English perceptions of China. Furthermore, their influence on European attitudes towards China during this period provides valuable insight into the development of cross-cultural exchange between Europe and China.

Shenchuangtu (神創圖), written by an unknown author, discusses dots and strokes (筆劃), writing rules (筆法), and structures (結構) for regular script (楷書), a Chinese character font style. Dating back to the late 19th or early 20th century, Shenchuangtu begins with the Eight Principles of Yong (永字八法) and presents the names of seventy-two Chinese character dots and strokes that compose a character, also explaining ninety-four types of Chinese character structuring rules. It provides such valuable data, yet no systematic research has been conducted to date. As such, introducing the valuable data to the academic field in the present study is of great significance. In this study, Shenchuangtu is examined for its composition and content. Furthermore, Shenchuangtu is compared with Dazijiegou Bashisifa (大字結構八十四法), written by Li Chun (李淳) during the Ming Dynasty (明代). It is expected that this work can present significant research in the study of Korean and calligraphy, as well as Chinese characters.

세계 5대 갯벌해역으로 유명한 한국 서해 경기만의 기후변화 영향을 파악하고, 기후변화 영향을 최소화하기 위한 적응방안 연 구하였다. 경기만의 기후변화 영향으로 2100년에 수온은 1.2 ℃ 증가하고, 염분이 1.1 PSU 감소하며, 해수면은 35.2 cm 상승하는 것으로 예 측되었다. 또한 해수면 상승의 효과로 150.5 km2의 해안지역이 침수될 것으로 예상되었다. 기후변화로 인한 경기만 생태환경 영향을 최소 화하기 위한 적응대책으로는 1) 경기만 자체 자연환경의 적응능력 유지를 위한 지원, 2) 생물 서식지 확보를 위한 인간 활동 조정 등 두가 지 방안이 제시되었다.