In order to investigate the effect on morphology of Rhizopus oryzae and production of lactic acid, various interface materials were used. Morphology of fungal showed sheet and flock when resin was added. The production of lactic acid was increased dramati

1995년도 1996년 6월에 실시된 CREAMS 항해 관측 자료를 이용하여 Wasaka bay 연안역의 수온역전 현상을 조사하였다. 수온역전현상은 대부분 20m 이천의 상층부에 위치하였으며, 특히 쓰시마난류와 연안수와의 경계역 부분에 형성되었다. 쓰시마난류는 고온·고염분수의 특징을 가지며, 이러한 고수온은 경계역 부분에서 수온역전 현상을 초래하여 밀도 역전현상을 일으키는 작용을 하는 반면, 고염분은 밀도를 증가시켜 주는 작용을 하여 수온역전에 따른 밀도역전현상을 막아주는 역할을 한다.

The failure behaviours of unidirectional pultruded carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites were monitored by the electrical resistance measurement during tensile loading, three-point-bending, interlaminar shear loading. The tensile failure behaviour of carbon fiber tows was also investigated by the electrical resistance measurement. Infrared thermography non-destructive evaluation was performed in real time during tensile test of CFRP composites to validate the change of microdamage in the materials. Experiment results demonstrated that the CFRP composites and carbon fiber tows were damaged by different damage mechinsms during tensile loading, for the CFRP composites, mainly being in the forms of matrix damage and the debonding between matrix and fibers, while for the carbon fiber tows, mainly being in the forms of fiber fracture. The correlation between the infrared thermographs and the change in the electrical resistance could be regarded as an evidence of the damage mechanisms of the CFRP composites. During three-point-bending loading, the main damage forms were the simultaneity fracture of matrix and fibers firstly, then matrix cracking and the debonding between matrix and fiber were carried out. This results can be shown in Fig. 9(a) and (b). During interlaminar shear loading, the change in the electrical resistance was related to the damage degree of interlaminar structure. Electrical resistance measurement was more sensitive to the damage behaviour of the CFRP composites than the stress/time curve.

1996년 6월에 실시된 CREAMS 항해 관측 자료를 이용하여 동해 남부 해역의 해황을 분석하였다. 1996년은 1990년∼1999년 사이의 다른 해에 비해 동해 남부 해역에 저수온 현상이 나타났으며, 이러한 현상은 일본 연안을 따라 이동하는 쓰시마난류의 지류가 더욱더 연안에 근접하여 이동하는 것과 관련이 있다. 쓰시마난류의 분포는 수심 200m 이천의 대륙붕 위에 존재하는 core 형태의 고염분수 분포와 지형류의 분포로부터 확인된다. 해수의 안정도 계산결과로부터 고온 고염분수인 쓰시마 난류의 유입은 연안역의 연직 밀도 구조에 영향을 주게 되며, 이로 인하여 수주의 불안정한 상태를 초래하는 요인 중 한가지로 작용하는 것으로 나타난다.

In a revision of the genus Autosticha Meyrick in Eastern Asia, 23 species are recognized. Among them, 16 new species (suwonensis n. sp., consimilis n. sp., pentagona n. sp., lushanensis n. sp., mingchrica n. sp., latiuncusa n. sp., taiwana n. sp., leukosa n. sp., sichunica n. sp., cuspidata n. sp., bilobella n. sp., guangdongensis n. sp., dayuensis n. sp., sinica n. sp., hainanica n. sp., and pyungyangenis n. sp.) are described from China, Taiwan, Japan, and Korea. Four previously described species in Brachmia are newly transferred to Autosticha: A. philodema (Meyrick), comb. nov., A. quassata (Meyrick), comb. nov., A. impunctella (Caradja), comb. nov., and A. carphodes (Meyrick), comb. nov. For all the known species, photos of adults and the male or female genitalia are provided, and a key to the species is given.

1. The oxidation resistance of containing Ni-base alloy is superior to that of the alloy without . 2. The appearance of oxides of Ni-20Cr-20Fe-5Nb- alloy is similar to that of oxides in commercial PM1000 and MA754 alloy. 3. The oxides in ODS alloy are grown mainly at particle boundaries.

The advantages of the OPS techniques(Vajta G et al, Mol Reprod Dev 51: 53-58,1998) give 1) high survival rates of various types of eggs, 2) quick and simple process, 3) inexpensive equipment and reduced chilling injury. The efficiency of IVM/IVF technique in the porcine species is relatively lower than that obtained in other species such as ruminants. Two experiments were designed to investigate the effects of in-vitro fertilization of porcine oocytes matures using different OPS protocol for chilling and warming of vitrification. Porcine oocytes from ovaries collected at abattoir were matured for 44 hours in TCM199 Earle's salt supplemental with pyruvate, pff, L-cysteine, hormones and gentamycin. Oocytes were denuded and fertilized with frozen boar semen by common method. Porcine embryos produced routinely by in-vitro culture system of NCSU23 medium. The vitrification and the warming were conducted by OPS method with the glass micropipette instead of straw vessels and modified the protocol of G.Vajta(1999). In Exp 1, Chilling/Warming:Holding Medium(HM)+EG+DMSO/HM +sucrose Medium(SM) at 39 warm stage. In Exp 2, : PBS+CS+EG+Ficoll+ Trehalose/PBS+Trehalose at 25 stage. Filling, freezing, packing, thawing out and further culturing were performed to follow the basic protocol of G Vajta. During IVM-lVC and post-warming, fertilization parameter and developmental potential were compared to and statistically analysed. It was not significantly different from Exp 1 and Exp 2 but 25 of stage was slightly higher on the morula/blastocyst forming rate and better atmosphere for worker than that at 39 stage.

As model waterborne acrylic coatings, mono-dispersed poly(butyl acrylate-methyl methacrylate) copolymer latexes of random copolymer and core/shell type graft copolymer were prepared by seeded multi-staged emulsion polymerization with particle size of 180~200 nm using semi-batch type process. Sodium lauryl sulfate and potassium persulfate were used as an emulsifier and an initiator, respectively. The effect of particle texture including core/shell phase ratio, glass transition temperature and crosslinking density, and film forming temperature on the film formation and final properties of film was investigated using SEM, AFM, and UV in this study. The film formation behavior of model latex was traced simultaneously by the weight loss measurement and by the change of tensile properties and UV transmittance during the entire course of film formation. It was found that the increased glass transition temperature and higher crosslinking degree of latex resulted in the delay of the onset of coalescence of particles by interdiffusion during film forming process. This can be explained qualitatively in terms of diffusion rate of polymer chains. However, the change of weight loss during film formation was insensitive to discern each film forming stages-I, II and III.

Two new species of Torodorinae-Hyperochtha acanthovalva sp. nov., and Antiochtha pycnotarsasp. nov.-and five new species of Lecithocerinae-Alciphanes clavata sp. nov., Frisilia ceylonica sp. nov., Carodista grypotatos sp. nov., C. tribrachia sp. nov., and C. wilpattuaesp. nov.-are described, with illustrations of their genitalia. Some generic relationships are discussed, Technographa Meyrick, syn. nov. with Timyra Walker and Stelechoris Meyrick, stat. rev. is proposed. Two species previously placed in Thubana Meyrick are transferred to the genus Stelechoris Meyrich, and ten species of Lecithocera are transferred to Carodista Meyrick.

Sri Lanka의 Lecithoceridae과 정리의 제6편으로 Alciphanes Meyrick, Parelliptis Meyrick, Carodista Meyrick, Synesarga Gozmany, Kalocyrma Wu, Technographa Meyrick, Mnesteria Meyrick, Teucrodoxa M Meyrick, Heterodeltis Meyrick, Pseudocrates Meyrick, Oxygnostis Meyrick, Dinochares Meyrick, and Dolchotorna Meyrickt속의 29종을 정리하였다. 그중 3종의 신종, Carodista fabajuxta sp. nov., Kalocyrma epileuca sp. novo and K. oxygonia sp. nov.,을 기재하였으며, 다음 12종의 학명은 그 속을 재구성 (new combination)하였다: Alciphanes tetraclina (Meyrick), A. holocona (Meyrick), A. palathodes (Meyrick), A. isochra (Meyrick), A. latycapna (Meyrick), Carodista paroristis (Meyrick), C. lycopis (Meyrick), C. geraea (Meyrick), C. epigompha (Meyrick), C. nubigena (Meyrick), C. paroristis (Meyrick), and Synesarga paroena (Meyrick).그리고 Catacreagra Gozmany은 Carodista Meyrick의 새로운 synonym으로 정리하며, Pseudocrates soritica Meyrick은 Sri Lanka 미기록종으로 확인되었다.

To find characteristics and areas of greater risk of oil spill at the coastal waters in Korea, some of risk factors were analyzed with historical data of oil spill and marine traffic. As a result, it is characterized that frequency of oil spill is increasing year by year and greatest percentage of spill source is fishing boat. It is proposed that the ports of Ulsan, Yeosu, Incheon and Pusan will be designated as primary area of risk as they have a higher risk of oil spills and its response authority is required to maintain appropriate regional response capability for prompt and effective response to a future spill incident. In addition, the regional response equipments at Ulsan are examined under a assumption of a medium size spill and it is found that the use of chemical dispersant can be an alternative when mechanical containment and recovery is not feasible in this area, and the existing response equipments may be appropriate to address that size of spill. However, the response authority is required to maintain more numbers of stronger boom for unsheltered waters and more quantity of concentrate dispersant to disperse all spilled oils on the water, furthermore the response authority should be prepared for a possible future catastrophic spill with sufficient equipments.