This paper investigate vibration suppression by the active variable stiffness system (AVS system). AVS system can change its stiffness by special elements called on-off elements. The control logic deciding on-off states of on-off element is based on the method of dividing phase plane. A phase plane is composed of displacement and velocity axis. This control logic is easily applicable to both single and multi degree of system, because it is local control logic that determines on-off states according to the relative displacement and velocity between the floors in which each on-off element is installed. By this control logic, on-off elements can absorb and dissipate the earthquake energy. On-off element is on state when the sign of displacement multiplied by velocity is positive, because on-off element absorb the system vibration energy. Conversely, on-off element is off state when the sign of displacement multiplied by velocity is negative, because on-off element dissipate the absorbed system vibration energy. The effectiveness of this control logic can be proved in the second way through the active control experiment using the active mass damper (AMD).

In this paper, excitation systems using linear mass shaker (LMS) and active tuned mass damper (ATMD) are presented in order to simulate the wind induced responses of a building structure. The actuator force for the excitation systems is calculated by using the inverse transfer function of a target structural response to the actuator. Filter and envelop function are used such that the error between the wind and actuator induced responses is minimized by preventing the actuator from exciting unexpected modal response and initial transient response. The analyses results from a 76-story benchmark building problem in which wind load obtained by wind tunnel test is given, indicate that the excitation system installed at a specific floor can approximately embody the structural responses induced by the wind load applied to each floor of the structure. The excitation system designed by the proposed method can be effectively used for evaluating the wind response characteristics of a practical building structure and for obtaining an accurate analytical model of the building under wind load.

This study aims at searching the Church Building Type and Design Sources of a German church architect who had designed many churches and other buildings in Korea. P. Alwin Schmid(1904-1978) had designed 188 Catholic buildings in Korea for 20 years from 1958 to 1978. In his works there are many excellent Catholic ritual buildings. It was caused by his conviction on the theology and the principles of Church Architecture. And His remarkable achievement is affected by the works of Dominikus Bo"m(1880-1955) and Rudolf Schwarz(1897-1961). Alwin's 5 plan type is relevant to Schwarz' iconographic model, and their approach to 'light' is much the same. But the Character of inner space is the middle of Dominikus Bo"m and Rudolf Schwarz. His works rotted in the Liturgical Movement had been developed in the line of connection with 20th German church architecture. The works of Dominikus Bo"m and Rudolf Schwarz played the role of the teacher of Alwin Schwarz.

There are a few hundreds of Jaesil architectures in Andong area, Kyungbook Province. Among them, about 25 of them have elevated pavilion, while all the rest do not have. This paper focus on these jaesils with elevated pavilion, and tried to identify the different types among them, the background of the beginning of these jaesils, as well as eleveted pavilion. Five different types could be clarified, and they could be reinterpreted according to the background cause of the construction of these types. Three major background reasons for the construction of jaesils with elevated pavilion, seems to be: 1) necessity of such pavilion to be able to clomplete the system of Jaesil, 2) borrowing of temple structure where there is not large wooden floor, and 3) eclectic combination of pavilion and main hall (Gangdand 講堂). Such study helps us understand not only the jaesils with eleveted pavilion, but also the general jaesils without eleveted pavilion. The inclusion of eleveted pavilion has a lot to do with the symbolic expression of the family, use of large space for the family gathering, as well as the popular trends of pavilion architecture of the time.

본 논문에서는 진동대를 이용하여 고층 건축물의 수평진동에 대한 지각임계가속도를 측정하였다. 바람에 의한 초고층 건축물의 과도한 진동은 거주자들에게 시각차와 현기증 같은 불쾌감을 줄 수 있다. 초고층 건축물 거주자들에게 쾌적한 환경을 제공하기 위해서는 가속도를 제한할 필요가 있다. 초고층 건축물은 1차 고유주기에 지배적이다 본 연구진은 1차 고유주기를 재연하기 위해 진동대를 사용하여 사인파진동에서 실험을 수행하였다. 실험은 진동하우스를 제작하고, 건장한 40명의 피험자를 대상으로 실시하였다 40명의 피험자를 8명씩 5개조로 나누고, 특정주파수범위에서 가속도를 증가시키면서 수평진동에 대한 인지도를 측정하였다. 수평진동실험으로 피험자들의 진동에 대한 인지도를 누적분포표로 만들고, 의 누적분포에 대해 추세선을 그려서 성능평가곡선을 작성하였다.

In recent years, the number of complaints about indoor air pollution caused by volatile organic compounds(VOCs) has increased. It is important that evaluating and understanding emission of indoor air pollutant from building materials. The aim of this study was to evaluate emission test methods for liquid phase building materials such as paint, adhesive and sealant, and to determine the emission of total volatile organic compounds(TVOC) from liquid phase building material. The quantity of TVOC emission was measured by a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MSD). It was found that liquid phase building materials were classified according to their use and ingredient. The TVOC concentration from oil-based paint was the highest among 8 groups of test materials. The unidentified volatile organic compounds occupied 83.0% of TVOC emission from test materials. The aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons occupied 7.2%, 6.9% of TVOC, respectively. The concentration of TVOC decreased by an increase during emission test period. After 3 days, the concentration of TVOC from paint, adhesive and sealant were about half of the concentration at the first day. The ratio of concentration between 7 days and 1 day was 0.11～0.15 from water-based paint and 0.46～0.48 from epoxy adhesive.

Since the 17th century, the society of Joseon dynasty belongs to a period of rapid transition in many fields. As the building is a result to be produced on the basis of a society and economy, the general transition in a society is to be reflected into a process of building construction. Especially, a study on the material supply system of economic base in a process of building construction is one of very important factors in an understanding or estimate of a building. On the premise, this paper is to examine the supply system of iron materials and the tools in the construction of the government managed buildings in the late of Joseon dynasty on a viewpoint of productivity. Construction reports and other documents in those days are examined for the study. Following conclusions have been reached through the study. 1) The general supply method of iron materials for a large-scale government construction was based on 'byulgong', that is, a kind of tribute. 2) Various methods were selected in the supply method of iron materials for government use in the late of Joseon dynasty. The priority order of choice in its government policy was put on an easiness of amount security, on a minimum of expenditure, and on an efficiency of construction execution. 3) The manufacturing technique of weaponry was used in the production method of iron materials and the tools for government use. The cooperation of the official, the army, and the merchant had improved the manufacturing technique of building construction.

This study is conservation works trend since 1900. Objects for study are National Treasures and Treasures in Buddhism, in wooden architecture. And researched about the factor of conservation works, roof and tile, painting and dissolution conservation works cycle by dissolution, timber change ratio. The factor of conservation works is the most, roof and tile. Conservation works cycle by dissolution is 12.8 years. Painting cycle is 16.3 years. There are two concepts of conservation works, that is restoration and preservation. There are many restoration before 1960's. To 1960's the preservation to be many to 1970's many Restoration. And since the end of 1970's is Preservation. These reasons are conservation works history of object, the rule for Heritage protection, people on works, and study of architecture. history.

If we take account of the ‘Architectural Tradition’ which aims a construction of better environment, we can see that this tradition has ended historically toward Utopia. It is a continual trend from ancient Greece to contemporary epoch in each transitional periods and especially in the Renaissance Era. Utopia is an ideal commonwealth in which inhabitants exist under perfect conditions, ideally perfect places or state of things. The plans of utopia are complete projects of image, its goal is an social, political and economical improvement according to the eras. Its plans are characterized by rigid geometrical pattern as circle and square, which contain generally center․axis․symmetry․enclosure. Recent urban and architectural circumstances no longer reflect utopian visions. Since the latter of the 20th century, it appears dystopia on the contrary. Therefore, the utopian ideal city and architecture describes characteristics of the era unlike the continuity of its concept.

막 구조물을 설계하기 위해서는 우선 초기장력 도입으로 인한 구조물의 형상을 정확히 알아야 한다. 이를 위해서 모형을 통한 모델링이나 컴퓨터를 이용한 형상해석이 요구되며, 초기장력의 도입으로 형성되는 막 구조물의 곡면은 일반적으로 등장력 곡면이다. 이와 같은 특성을 가진 막 구조물은 모형만을 대상으로 형상을 구할 때에는 정량적으로 형상의 정보를 얻기가 힘들고, 형상해석만을 수행한 경우는 예기치 않은 문제가 발생하기도 한다. 또 설계자의 의도에 따른 형상은 실질적으로 등장력 곡면에 부합되지 않는 경우가 많고, 심지어 실현 불가능한 발생한다. 따라서 설계프로세스에 따른 구조물의 형상에 부합되면서 실현가능한 형상으로의 초기형상 결정과정은 막 구조물의 설계에 있어서 무엇보다 중요한 과정이다. 본 연구에서는 건축 설계프로세스에 따른 모델링과 수치적 형상해석과의 결과에 대한 차이를 살펴보고 피드벡 과정을 통하여 막 구조물의 초기형상을 결정하는 프로세스에 대해서 연구한다.

최근 산업 발전과 더불어 대공간 건축물의 수요가 급증하고 있다. 이 분야 선진 기술은 지간 300m 이상의 대공간 건축물 실현도 가능하게 하고 있다. 대공간 구조에는 쉘구조, 스페이스 프레임 구조, 막구조, 케이블구조 등이 있다. 대공간 건축물은 기둥 없이 넓은 공간을 확보해야 하는 구조적 특성 때문에 설계초기 단계에서부터 시공문제를 병행하여 검토할 필요가 있다. 대공간 건축물 시공에 있어서 erection 공법은 공사비용, 공사기간 그리고 안전성 등에 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 알려져 있다. 대공간 건축물 erection 공법은 현장 여건 및 제반 조건에 따라서 그 수를 헤아릴 수 없을 정도로 많고 다양하지만, 대표적인 공법으로는 Element 방식, Block 방식, Sliding 방식, Lift-up 방식 그리고 복합방식 등이 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존 대공간 건축물을 대상으로 시공당시 적용한 erection공법을 조사하여 이것을 규모별, span별, 층고별, 구조형식별로 분석 및 검토하여 향후 대공간 건축물의 효율적 erection 공법 개발을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다.

The main purpose of this study is to reveal the properties and specialities of architectural space after Modernism. Space was the main theme of Modernity in architecture and they insist Modern architectural space had its own characteristics compared with the earlier period. With view that another paradigm of space is rising as a criticism of and departure from Modernity, this study try to show what is the contents of difference and how it express in reality. We can find a new trends in architectural spaces, that are the production of totally different circumstantial background as like information society, digital media environment, post structuralism, new science and heterotopian situation in urbanism. We can call it Post-Modernity in architectural space that would find the ‘Otheness' and expand the territory of architecture. It means not only the change of architectural space itself but also different cognition and perception of space is taking place. Contemporaru architectural space has lost its materiality and conventional socio-cultural functions. Dematerialization and media or image -like being is the new characteristics instead. It demands a new way of being in a different life-world as well as the new experience of architecture.

Ödön Lechner has been known as an architect who incorporates Hungarian folk motifs in creating a highly original Hungarian national style. Nevertheless, his work has been surprisingly neither exposed nor familiar to Korean audiences. This article attempts to reveal the unique characteristics of Lechner’s architectural thought and ideas along with his buildings in Budapest. First of all, this article presents the evolution of Lechner’s architectural thought by dividing his career into four marking periods. They are in chronological order to serve as a record of his architectural career. The authors then discuss his concern on the Hungarian ethnography in architecture while turing away from orthodox classicism. Subsequently, this article analyzes Lechner’s three major buildings located at Budapest. By doing so, it attempts to expose his underlying design ideas and to shed light on the most elegant works of the architect. Finally, it marks out Lechner's influences on young Hungarian architects.

The objective of this research is to present client's requirements definition model that translates requirement information provided by client into design information to fully grasp client's requirements in pre-design phase and to prepare system that reflects it in the design. Suggesting classification system for requirement information grasped in the pre-design phase and dividing process defined by requirement into requirements elicitation, requirements analysis and requirements translation. Moreover, prototype system was embodied as a method to efficiently apply the suggested model.

지진 다발 지역인 일본에서 최근 초고층 건축물에 전단키를 갖는 면진 구조물에 많이 건설되고 있으며 초고층 건축물은 중저층 건축물과 비교하여 고유진동주수가 크기 때문에 지진하중이 작아 지진에 대한 피해가 적다. 지진에 의하여 큰 전단력이 발생할 경우에 전단키를 갖는 면진장치의 전단키는 파괴되고 면진장치가 지진에 거동하게 되며 만약에 퐁하중이 지진하중보다 크다면 전단키를 지진하중에 대하여 설계하는 것이 아니라 풍하중에 의하여 설계하여야 한다. 중진지역인 한국에서도 면진 건축물에 있어서 전단키의 필요성 요구되며 이에 대한 검증이 필요한 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 5층과 15층 면진 건축물에 대하여 전단키를 적용하고 지진해석을 실시하여 그 거동을 비교분석, 면진 건축물에 대한 전단키의 필요성을 알아보았다.

We investigated the changes in the species of the woods used for Korean ancient and historic architectures, which include prehistoric excavated relics and existing wooden buildings in South Korea. The species data were collected from various sources such as excavation and repair reports, journal papers, and a few unpublished documents. We divided the building Periods as Paleolithic, Neolitic, Bronze Ages, Iron Age/Three Kingdoms, Koryo, Joseon (early, middle, late) and modem periods. In prehistoric periods, hardwoods were major species. Oak (Quercus spp.) woods dominated (94 percent in average); the others (5%) were Juglans mandshurica, Platycarya strobilacea, Castanea crenata, and few softwoods(1%). During Iron Age and Three Kingdom periods, oaks remained as a major species (57%) and others Platycarya strobilacea(21%), Castanea crenata(13%), and Pinus spp. (6%). The oak woods decreased in Koryo period and they occupied only 1.1%. Instead of oaks, pine (Pinus spp., 71%) and Zelkova serrata (22%) dominated in Koryo. In early and middle Joseon periods, pine woods (73%) remain as a major species and the others were oaks (14%) and Zelkova serrata (9%). As late Joseon came, the pine woods occupied more than 88%. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a few boreal species such as larch (Larix spp.) and spruce (Picea spp.), which grow in cold area, were found. We believe they were transported from northern Korea. The existing buildings in Korea are mainly from Joseon period and a few from late Koryo periods. During these periods, pine woods were used for most buildings. For such reason, pine woods were known as 'representative materials for historic buildings'. but earlier times, broad-leaved trees, i.e., oak and Zelkova woods were major materials. The changes in building materials resulted from both climate and human impacts. The dry climate and disturbed forests induce more pines in the mountains. We also compared the wood qualities of the species and found that Zelkova woods were superior ones and deserved more planting for future demands in the repair for historic buildings.

본 연구는 고층건축물의 비틀림방향 응답을 평가하기 위하여 필요한 변동비틀림모멘트계수와 변동비틀림모멘트의 파워스펙트럼밀도의 특성을 확인하는데 목적이 있다. 이러한 특성들을 평가하기 위하여, 다양한 형상비와 변장비를 가진 52개 형상의 공탄성 각주형 모형을 제작한 후 노풍도를 다양하게 변화시켜 풍동실험을 실시하였다. 본 논문에서는 비틀림방향의 변동풍력의 특성을 간단히 설명하였다. 그리 고 그 결과는 대부분 건물의 형상비와 변장비에 의하여 분석되었다.