The Charge Trap Flash (CTF) memory device is a replacement candidate for the NAND Flash device. In this study,Pt/Al2O3/La2O3/SiO2/Si multilayer structures with lanthanum oxide charge trap layers were fabricated for nonvolatile memorydevice applications. Aluminum oxide films were used as blocking oxides for low power consumption in program/erase operationsand reduced charge transports through blocking oxide layers. The thicknesses of SiO2 were from 30Å to 50Å. From the C-Vmeasurement, the largest memory window of 1.3V was obtained in the 40Å tunnel oxide specimen, and the 50Å tunnel oxidespecimen showed the smallest memory window. In the cycling test for reliability, the 30Å tunnel oxide sample showed an abruptmemory window reduction due to a high electric field of 9~10MV/cm through the tunnel oxide while the other samples showedless than a 10% loss of memory window for 104cycles of program/erase operation. The I-V measurement data of the capacitorstructures indicated leakage current values in the order of 10-4A/cm2 at 1V. These values are small enough to be used in non-volatile memory devices, and the sample with tunnel oxide formed at 850oC showed superior memory characteristics comparedto the sample with 750oC tunnel oxide due to higher concentration of trap sites at the interface region originating from the roughinterface.

파프리카를 재배하는 농가에서는 생산성 증대를 위하여 비닐하우스 측고를 관행 3.0m에서 4.5m까지 높이고 있으나 이에 대한 구조안전성 검토 없이 시공이 이루어지고 있는 실정이다. 이 연구에서는 측고가 4.5m로 상승된 1-2W형 비닐하우스를 대상으로 풍속 40m·s-1, 적설심 40cm의 설계하중에 대하여 구조안전성 분석을 수행하고 적절한 구조보강방법을 제시하였다. 3차원 프레임해석을 이용하여 구조해석을 수행한 결과, 측면 방풍벽의 보강이 반드시 필요한 상태였으며 파프리카 작물하중으로 인하여 매우 취약해지는 중방의 보강이 요구되었다. 측면 보강 방법으로써는 외측 기둥과 방풍벽을 보강이음을 이용하며 서로 연결해주고, 외측 기둥 간격에 따라 방풍벽 부재를 보강하는 방법이 가장 효과가 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 중방의 경우 비닐하우스 폭의 1/17~1/20의 높이로 2중 중방구조를 만들고 그 사이를 사재로 연결하여 트러스 형태로 보강하는 방법이 가장 큰 효과를 보였다.

Serial ultrasonography was conducted on Miniature Schnauzer bitches, on purpose to observe the ultrasonographic appearance of normal ovaries and ovarian structures during the estrous cycle. The size of ovaries was increased from on Day-12 (Day-0=ovulation day) to on Day-8 and there was no significantly different between both ovaries. The ovaries were recognized by its proximity to the caudal renal pole and appeared moderately echogenic oval shape with a smooth contour. The size of follicles was increased from on Day-12 to on Day-0 and there was no significantly different between both ovaries. The number of follicles was increased from on Day-12 to on Day-0 and there was no significantly different between both ovaries. The follicles were small anechoic fluid-filled structures in early of proestrus, more increased, and indistinguished from each follicles in late of proestrus. The size of corpora lutea was increased from on Day-0 to on Day-8 and there was no significantly different between both ovaries. The number of corpora lutea was increased from on Day-0 to on Day-38 and there was no significantly different between both ovaries. The corpora lutea were small anechoic cavity and thin hyperechoic wall in early of diestrus, became more hyperechoic, and increased homogenous structures. The results of this study would be useful for differential diagnosis between normal and abnormal structures of ovaries.

곡면 모델링 분야에서 서브디비전 서페이스 기법은 NURBS 모델링의 단점을 해결할 수 있게 해준다. 특히 모델링하고자 하는 형태의 토폴로지의 제한이 NURBS 모델링에 비해 거의 없다는 점은 많은 3D 애니메이션 시스템에 서브디비전 서페이스 모델링 기법을 도입하게 하였다. 최근 서브디비전 서페이스 모델링에 대한 다양한 연구가 진행되어 왔지만 기존의 실시간 렌더링 라이브러리에는 베지어(Bezier) 서페이스나 NURBS 모델링 등의 tensor product 서페이스 위주로 구현되어 있다. 본 논문에서는 PCCM 변환에서 사용되는 자료구조를 1차원 배열형태로 구성함으로써 효과적으로 변환 알고리즘을 구현할 수 있도록 제안한다.

본 연구에서는 선형이론을 바탕으로 한 이산계열 대공간구조물의 크기최적화에 따른 후좌굴 거동의 변화에 대하여 조사하고 그 결과를 기술하였다. 먼저 공간구조물의 최적의 부재크기 패턴을 조사하기 위하여 수학적 프로그래밍 기법을 도입하였다. 이때 최소화 해야하는 공간구조물의 전체 부재의 중량을 목적함수로 이용하고 절점에서 발생하는 변위 값과 각 부재에서 발생하는 응력 값을 허용치 이하로 제한하는 제약조건으로 사용하였다. 크기최적화를 통하여 도출된 최적 부재패턴을 가지는 공간구조물의 후좌굴 거동을 통합 비선형해석기법으로 해석하고 그 결과를 분석하였다. 수치해석을 통하여 크기최적화에 따른 공간구조물의 후좌굴 거동의 변화는 매우 큰 것으로 나타났으며 이러한 후좌굴 거동의 변화에 대한 예측과 분석결과가 공간 구조물의 설계에 고려되어야 할 것으로 판단된다. 또한 본 연구에서 제시한 수치해석 결과는 이산계열 대공간구조물의 설계에 기본 데이터로 제시하였다.

Healthcare organizations need mutual cooperation among various medical professionals in order to carry out the performance of their duties spite of having a strong job specialization and independence based on license. However, spite of the importance of l

A prediction of construction cost in preparation for construction document is calculated in compliance with the unit cost in Public construction of korea. This eventually means that the reasonable construction cost of a building can't be determined before construction document phase cost of construction is settled and that the cost of construction is calculated inefficiently because of connection failing between cost management of detailed estimation and information. To improve those problems, therefore, Cost estimating model of structural building elements with approximate quantity survey method is suggested in this research. The model predict the amount of materials and the cost of construction on the basis of historical similar cases. In the direction of data analysis of this research, ratio statistics value is put to practical use to fit into the peculiarities of approximate estimate of each work trade on the basis of actual data amount of materials of historical cases. In addition, the construction phase is connected through the result of a approximate estimate sorted by elements, details work trade.

The long-period stacking order (LPSO) structures and stacking faults (SFs) in rapidly solidified powder metallurgy (RS P/M) Mg97Zn1Y2 alloy were investigated by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) observations. The 18R-type LPSO structure with a stacking sequence of ACBCBCBACACACBABAB and a period of 4.86 nm was observed in the as-extruded RS P/M Mg97Zn1Y2 alloy. After annealing at 773 K for 5 hr, the 18R-type LPSO structure was transformed to the 14H-type LPSO structure with a stacking sequence of ABABABACBCBCBC and a period of 3.64 nm. The 24R-type LPSO structure containing 24 atomic layers of ABABABABCACACACABCBCBCBC with period of 6.18 nm coexists with the 14H-type LPSO structure in the same grains. The LPSO structures contain intrinsic Type II SFs such as BCB/CABA and ABA/CBCB stacking sequences of a closely packed plane.

우리나라 온대지방 산림의 극상수종으로 알려진 서어나무는 도시화가 심각한 서울의 경우 3개의 군집이 분포하고 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 희귀하게 분포하는 서울지역 서어나무군집의 특성을 도출하고, 이를 바탕으로 서어나무군집의 관리대책을 마련하기 위한 기초자료 제공을 목적으로 수행되었다. 연구 대상지는 삼육대 지역, 도봉산 지역, 진관동 지역의 3개소이다. 서울 지역 서어나무군집에 대한군집구조 분석 및 토양특성, 수목 생장량 등을 조사 분석한 결과, 현재 남아있는 서어나무군집의 경우 토양 산성화 등으로 인해 생장 속도가 둔화되고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한, 산림내 외래종의 이입에 따른 식생교란도 진행되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 서울 지역에서 가장 넓은 서어나무군집이 분포하는 삼육대 지역의 경우 주변 참나무림에 참나무시들음병 피해가 발생하여 산림내부에 나지가 발생하고 있고 외래종의 이입속도가 더욱 빨라질 것으로 예상되고 있다. 또한 서어나무 자체도 참나무시들음병 매개곤충인 광릉긴나무좀의 피해를 받고 있어, 특별한 대책이 수립되지 않는 한, 향후 서어나무군집의 존립 자체가 불투명한 실정이다. 따라서 현재 남아있는 서어나무군집에 대한 정밀조사와 연차적인 모니터링 등과 같은 대책을 마련하여 서어나무군집 보전을 통한 서울지역 생물다양성 확보 방안의 추진이 필요하다.

The purpose of this study is to analyze IT infrastructure of Korean apparel industry in order to enhance business effectiveness and customer's satisfaction in information society with global networks. For this study, the questionnaires were distributed to 57 apparel industries in Korea. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, descriptive statistics, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, multi regression analysis. The results of this study are as follow: First, Considering the apparel industry, construction of information system is essential for assistance of information policy and utilization of information. Understanding of e-business policy affects profits of suppliers. Second, Apparel industry with higher information policy has higher productivity with flexibility. Third, Apparel industry which has close relationship with suppliers has better customer support. Flexible scheduling and production line are important factors for quick response of customer's order and need.

The domain structures of annealed (001)-oriented Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-x%PbTiO3 (PMN-x%PT) crystals for x = 10, 20, 30, 35, and 40 at% were investigated by Polarized Optical Microscopy (POM) and Scanning Force Microscopy (SFM) in the piezoresponse mode. Both Polar Nano-Domains (PND) and long strip-like domains were clearly observed. The results also showed how the domain structure changed between phases with an increasing x in the PMN-x%PT crystals and the domain hierarchy on various length scales ranging from 40 nm to 0.1 mm. Distorted pseudo-cubic phase (x< 20%) consisted of PNDs that did not self-assemble into macro-domain plates. The rhombohedral phase (x = 30%) consisted of PNDs that began to self-assemble into colonies along preferred 110 planes. The monoclinic phase (x = 35%) consisted of miniature polar domains on the nm scale, whereas, the tetragonal phase (x = 40%) consisted of 001 oriented lamella domains on the mm scale that had internal nano-scale heterogeneities, which self-assembled into macro-domain plates oriented along 001 the mm scale.

This study was aimed at analyzing the structural relationship among such factors as industrial environment, technological cooperation, technological innovation performance and management performance that are essential to technological innovation of small and medium-sized companies. For this aim, an analysis was conducted to determine which of the factors in industrial environment has impact on technological cooperation of small and medium-sized companies. An empirical analysis was also performance to find what kind of effects the technological cooperation may have on technological innovation and management performance. From the analyses, it became known that: first, changes in industrial environment have influence on technical cooperation factors including production technology, technical information, technical manpower and fund for technology that are assorted by means of factorial analysis; second, the technological cooperation of small and medium-sized companies has impact on their technological innovation performance; and third, the technological cooperation of small and medium-sized companies has impact on management performance.

The polarizing images of hard tissues including bone and cementum show characteristic features of different birefringence fortheir microstructures. Nevertheless, the clear mechanism of the amplified birefringence under polarizing microscope has not been well understood. We hypothesized that the unique polarized light could be accumulated in the microtubules due to the decreased refractory angle by the inside lower-density matrix, and then the accumulated light in the microtubules could be dispersed brightly. In order to elucidate the polarizing effect on the microtubules, the dentinal tubules in different conditions were observed, and compared with each other to explain their birefringence phenomena. In the decalcified sections of normal tooth, the dentinal tubules located near the pulp chamber showed strong birefringence, while the sclerosed dentinal tubules near the dentino-enamel junction did not show the birefringence. The birefringence was more conspicuous in the longitudinal sectionsof dentinal tubules than in the cross sections. In the decalcified sections of complex odontoma, which produced abnormal and immature dentinal tubules, the birefringence was not observed in the shrunken dentinal tubules filled with dense materials, while the peritubular matrix showed clear birefringence. The birefringence was also observed in the collagen fibers in the connective tissue, and continuously strong in the immature cemental materials containing precollagen fibers. However, the highly mineralized osteodentine did not show the birefringence. Taken together, these data suggest that the microtubules composed ofless-dense matrix than the background tissue, i.e., dentinal tubules, Haversian canals, etc., produce the amplified birefringence by the polarizing light according to the hypothesis of microtubule refraction.