The midge samples were undertaken at three streams, representing different surrounding environments, to investigate the contaminant exposure of midge. The content of heavy metals in midge collected in Singil stream were generally higher as a result of input to the industrial effluents with respect to other streams. Adsorption experiments were done to evaluate the possibility of removing contaminants from water with midge. Diazinon and heavy metals were contaminant target compounds in this study. The removal rate of diazinon in water by midge was 60-75%. In the case of Cu, the removal rate was reached around 90% at the lower initial concentration of 1.87 and 0.81 ppm rather than 4.25 ppm. The reduction of concentration of Cr and Cd according to the lapse of time was similar to the Cu, but their removal rates were shown 50% and 60-74%, respectively. The removal rate of Zn by midge represented relatively high level within the experimental condition. No change in concentration of Cr and As with time were occurred at all experimental conditions. It accounts for the fact that the reduction of Cr and As could not be achieved through the adsorption process, using midge.

토양 하부 및 지하수에 생존하고 있는 미생물들이 지하수의 산화/환원전위 변화에 관여하는 사실을 알아보기 위해 미생물들을 주입한 수용액의 시간별 Eh 변화량을 측정하였다. 황산염환원 미생물이 주입된 경우 수용액의 Eh값이 5일 만에 -120 mV에서 -500 mV까지 떨어졌으며, 실험 결과 디설프리칸스 세균이 불가리스 세균보다 수용액을 환원하는 능력이 상대적으로 좋았다. 철환원 미생물인 스와넬라 세균의 경우 Eh값이 황산염환원 세균보다 조금 높은 -400 mV를 보여 주었다. 금속환원미생물에 의해 수용액의 Eh값이 떨어지는 동안 용존 황산염 혹은 산화철이 환원되고 맥키나와이트(FeS)라는 황화광물이 형성되기 시작하였다. 이러한 실험 결과를 바탕으로 일반 지하수의 산화/환원전위는 그 지하수에 생존하고 있는 지하미생물들의 대사 활동에 많은 영향을 받고 있다는 사실과 극환원된 지하수 및 생기원 황화광물들이 풍부한 지하 환경은 산화 핵종들이 환원된 형태로 침전되어 핵종 이동이 억제될 가능성이 높은 곳으로 판단된다.

In this study, Life Cycle Assessment(LCA) has been carried out to evaluate the environmental impacts of a metallic can. A 360 mL volume of an aluminum can bottle was used as the functional unit. The results of Life Cycle Inventory(LCI) showed that iron ore and coal were the major parts of the input materials, whereas aluminum can products, carbon dioxide, wastewater, and hazardous wastes were those of the output ones. According to LCA weighting, it was observed that the most significant impact potential was found to be global warming(49.11%) followed by abiotic resource depletion(47.72%). In the whole system, cold rolled steel coil showed the largest environmental impact potential(86%), followed by electricity(14%). Meanwhile, lubricating oil and industrial water had the minor portion of the total environmental impact potentials. It was suggested that the use of cold rolled steel and electricity should be the main source for CO2, resulting in the big impact on global warming.

The removal performances of divalent heavy metal ions (Pb2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Sr2+ and Mn2+) were studied using the Na-P1 zeolite synthesized from Jeju scoria in the batch and continuous fixed column reactor. The uptakes of heavy metal ions by synthetic Na-P1 zeolite decreased in the order of Pb2+>Cu2+>Cd2+>Sr2+>Mn2+ based on the selectivity of each ion to ionic exchange site of Na-P1 zeolite for single and mixed solutions in batch or continuous fixed column reactor. For mixed solution, each heavy metal ion uptake was lower than that in single solution, and especially the uptake for Mn2+ decreased greatly. In batch reactor, the uptakes of heavy metal ions by synthetic Na-P1 zeolite were described by Freundlich or Langmuir equation, but they followed the former better than the latter. In continuous fixed column reactor, the maximum ion exchange capacity obtained for each of heavy metal ions, was about 90% of that in batch reactor. The uptakes of heavy metal ions by synthetic Na-P1 zeolite increased with the increase of initial heavy metal concentration and solution pH, and the decrease of the amount and particle size of synthetic zeolite.