This study is concerned with the efficient improvement in the shipboard training of trainees for the marine officers in the future. The shopboard training course is given much weight in the curriculum of the seamanship education for the characteristics of that. In spite of various earlier studies to improve shipboard training system, we don't have desirable one until now on this problem based upon practical and empirical analysis. It seems a matter of urgency should be settled to improve the training environment-training facilities and equipment including simulator education - for the efficient pratice off-shore during training vessels in port. And it is also desired to regulate downward the credit system needed to graduate that trainees should be immersed in their practice without regard to their school records if passed the course during the training period.

The purpose of this study was to survey several aspects of food-related knowledge, attitude and behavior of college students. Seven hundred male and female students in Seoul and Kyunggi-do area were randomly selected. And self-administered questionnaires were used. It was consisted of weight concern, nutritional knowledge, meal frequency, preference of snacks and psychological aspects of eating behaviors. The results were as followes: 1. The 66.5% of males and 87.9% of females were concerned about weight control. While 42% of male respondents wanted weight gain and 43% weight loss, most of female respondents wanted to lose weight. 2. The score of nutritional knowledge of males was significantly lower than the score of females (p<0.01). 3. The meal frequency was 3.4 times a day for male students and 3.6 for female students. But males showed higher frequency rates in three regular meals and females showed higher rates in snacking. Both male and female students considered that supper was the most important meal of the day and skipped breakfast frequently. 4. Fruits, beverage and milk were favorite snacking items for college students. But there were some differences in selection of food items by snacking time. Carbonated drinks and coffee were frequently selected by morning male and female snackers. Noodles and cookies were preferred by males and cookies were preferred by females as afternoon snack. Fruits were most often preferred by both males and females in the evening. 5. Physical tiredness and/or psychological factors were observed to influence the amount of food intake. After increase of food intake, male students felt more comfortable than female students who were afraid of their weight gain.

We have investigated intensively an optical telescope with 76cm diameter and CCD camera system in astronomical observatory of Kyung Hee university, in order to maximize instrumental functions of our observational equipments and to construct a more reliable photometric system. And computer softwares AUTO DOME, KH CCD and KH PHO for astronomical image observations and their automatic photometries with high accuracy have been made for observers w use our observational system conveniently and efficiently. Throughout careful examinations of these programs, it has been proved that the observing time by our program is shorter than that by manual operations, so that, fast and accurate observations can be executed with ease. For open cluster NGC 7063 observed with S/N value of 350 or more by KH PHO, we have found the magnitude measurements of 11 object stars would show 0.007 magnitude difference, comparing with magnitude data from IRAF/APPHOT. From automatic photometry of eclipsing binary, AB And observed by our software, total 220 data points with good quality have been acquired during 8 hours and so we could make a better light curve than that obtained from any observational results by domestic photoelectric photometry system.

This study was surveyed by 319 male and 336 female college students in Seoul for food behavior and effect of Western food on food life. The results were summarized as follows; 1. The recognition of Korean folk food was higher in female than male students. 2. Eating type of college students appeared that they prefered to cooked rice at breakfast, lunch, and dinner because of a general food type of their family. 3. The favorite food items in college students showed fruits in female and meat in male. 4. Eating out type with family appeared mainly Korean food, because of their preference. 5. The 29% of college students visited fast food restaurants more than 1~2 times per week. 6. In compared to Western food, the Korean food were favored by college students but cooking process of food were complicated. 7. The preference of Korean food against Western food was mostly higher in male than female. 8. The standard of food choice were taste and convenience of food. 9. Main factor of food habit change appeared convenience of buying easily. 10. The influence of the Western food in our food behavior were easy to buying but not fit our preference. 11. Opinion of students in order to keep Korean food were follows; Various food development, enlargement of consumption market, correct education about Korean food and change of people consciousness through consumer campaign.

조사대상자의 식습관은 서울지역의 식습관이 조금 좋은 것으로 나타났으며, 조사대상자의 영양지식 정도는 지역간의 차이를 보이지 않았고, 패스트 푸트점의 이용은 면류점을 가장 많이 이용하였으며 그 외에 햄버기점, 후라이드치킨점을 많이 이용하였다. 지역간의 차이는 서울지역에서 김천에 비하여 좀 더 많이 이용하였다. 패스트 푸드점의 이용 목적은 햄버거점, 피자전문점과 면류점은 한끼 식사용으로, 후라이드치킨점은 간식용과 한끼 식사용으로 이용하고 있었고, 아이스크림점은 간식용이나 음료용으로 많이 이용하고 있었다 패스트 푸드점의 이용 이유는 음식을 먹기 간편하고, 친구들과 어울릴 수 있는 장소로서 이용되고, 장소가 쾌적하고 용기가 위생적이며 시간에 구애 받지 않고, 음식이 신속히 준비되는 등의 이유가 가장 많았다. 패스트 푸드를 한번에 먹는 양은 식사가 될 정도로 많이 먹는 경우가 가장 많았고, 그 다음으로 식사 사이의 간식 정도나 약간 적다고 느껴질 정도였다. 패스트 푸드 음식 선택시 고려되는 사항은 기호와 가격이 가장 높았고 그 외에 음식이 준비되는 시간과 보기 좋은 것을 선택하였다. 조사대상자의 한달 용돈과 외식비는 서울지역이 높았다. 이것은 외식이 가능한 음식점의 지역적인 밀집도와 지역적이 식습관의 차이와 외식문화에 대 한 지역간의 식습관의 차이등을 들 수 있다.

1993년 경기도 부천시에 위치한 부천전문대학에 재학중이고 연령 18∼26세에 해당하는 남녀 대학생 202명 (남자 99명, 여자 103명 )를 대상으로 식습관과 혈청지질과의 관계를 살펴본 결과는 다음과 같다. 조사대상자의 91.6%가 자택에 거주하였고 친척집, 자취순으로 매우 높은 자택 거주형태를 나타냈다. 조사대상자의 신장은 남학생의 경우 평균 173.2㎝, 여학생의 경우 159.4㎝이었고, 체중은 남녀가 각각 63.7㎏, 50.8㎏으로 한국영양권장량 산출시에 사용한 성인의 이상적인 신장, 체중과 유사했고 남녀간의 차이가 뚜렷했다. 혈청지질 검사 결과 TC, HDL-C, LDL-C는 남자가 172.2㎎/㎗, 52.3㎎/㎗, 103.4㎎/㎗, 여자가 182.4㎎/㎗, 56.3㎎/㎗, 111.6㎎/㎗이었고, 중성지방은 남녀 각각 82.3㎎/㎗, 72.5㎎/㎗로, 성인의 다른 시기(26∼50세)와는 달리 중성지방을 제외한 TC, HDL-C, LDL-C에 있어서 남자가 여자보다 낮은 수치를 나타냈다. 총 식습관 점수는 남자가 65.0점, 여자가 69.2점으로 여학생이 남학생보다 유의적으로 매우 높은 점수를 나타냈다(p<0.01) 각 항목별 식습관 점수는 하루 식사횟수, 식사속도, 곡류섭취의 규칙성, 채소섭취의 규칙성, 과일섭취의 규칙성, 동물성 기름섭취, 음주빈도, 운동, 흡연항목에서 남녀별 유의적인 차이를 보였고 위 항목중 운동점수를 제외한 나머지 항목에서 여자가 남자보다 높게 나타났다. 식습관 점수와 혈청지질과의 상관관계를 살펴보면 식습관 점수와 LDL-C, LPH는 유의적인 양의 상관관계를 나타내어 식습관 점수가 좋을수록 LDL-C, LPH가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 남녀별로 구분하여 보면 여자의 경우만 식습관 점수와 LPH간에 유의적인 양의 상관관계를 나타냈고 남녀 모두 식습관 점수와 HDL-C간에 유의적은 아니나 음의 상관관계를 보임으로써 남녀 모두 식습관 점수가 좋을수록 HDL-C가 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 혈청지질과 식습관 항목간의 상관관계를 보면, TC는 하루 식사횟수와 음의 상관관계를, 외 식빈도, 음주, 흡연과 양의 상관관계를 나타내어 음주, 흡연은 확실하게 심혈관계질환의 위험인자 중에 속함을 입증했다. LDL-C의 경우 과일류의 매일섭취가 양의 상관관계를 나타낸 것을 제외하면, TC와 같은 경향을 보였고, HDL-C는 과식과는 양의 상관관계를, 콜레스테롤 섭취와는 음의 상관관계를 나타냈다 혈중 LDL-C와 HDL-C의 비율을 나타내는 LPH와 AI를 보면 항목별 같은 경향을 보였고 과일류의 매일섭취와 유의적인 양의 상관관계를 보여, LDL-C와 정비례함을 나타냈다. TG는 식습관 항목과 유의적인 상관관계를 나타내는 것이 없었다. 남녀별 혈청지질과 식습관 항목간의 상관관계를 보면 남자의 성우 규칙적인 아침식사를 할수록 HDL-C가 감소하친 따라서 LPH는 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 여자의 경우 곡류음식을 매일 섭취할수록 LDL-C가 증가하고 따라서 LPH, AI가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 신체 계측치와 식습관 항목간의 상관관계를 보면 신장과 체중은 매우 밀접한 상관관계가 있음을 나타냈다. 하루 식사횟수가 많을수록, 운동 횟수가 많을수록(매일 규칙적일수록) 신장과 체중이 증가하며, 식사속도가 빠를수록, 곡류, 채소류, 과일류, 동물성 기름을 많이 섭취할수록, 음주빈도가 많을수록, 흡연을 많이 할수록 신장과 체중이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 남녀별 신체계측치와 식습관 항목간의 상관관계를 보면, 남자의 경우 담배를 많이 피울수록 신장과 체중이 감소하며, 여자의 경우 과식할수록 신장이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 주목할 것은 다섯가지 식품군을 골고루 섭취할수록 남자의 경우 체중이 증가하는 반면여자의 경우 신장이 증가하는 것으로 나타나 매우 재미있는 양상을 보였다.

The purpose of this study is to investigate dietary pattern and health status related to food habit and degree of fatigue of evening college students. A sample of 476 evening college students in Chonbuk area were surveyed by questionaire examining their food habit, nutrient intakes, degree of fatigue and cornell Medical Index(CMI). In this study, the male and female students were classified into two groups, respectively, the first group is not having jobs and the second is having jobs. The results were summerized as follows: 1. Evaluation status of food habit score indicated that the subjects were included in Fair and Poor group generally. Food habit score of female was significantly higher than score of male. For female students, food habit score of job group was significantly higher than score of non-job group(p〈0.05). 2. Average intakes of calorie and protein were 1869.1 kcal and 68.3 g in male and 1612.4 kcal and 58.3 g in female. Other nutrients, such as vitamin B1(1.1 mg), vitamin B2(1.2 mg) and ascorbic acid(41.0 mg) in male, iron(13.5 mg), vitamin B2(1.1 mg) and ascorbic acid(46.5 mg) in female were lower than the korean RDA. 3. The means of degree of physical, mental, neurosensory and CMI scores were 3.1, 1.9, 1.5 and 4.7 in male and 4.0, 2.4, 2.4 and 7.1 in female, respectively. For female students, though significancy was found between job group and non-job group in physical, neurosensory fatigue and CMI score(p〈0.05, 0.01), but there were not significant differences in these score for male students. 4. There were significant positive correlation between three types of fatigue and CMI, whereas score of food habit was negative correlation for degree of physical, mental fatigue and CMI. The intakes of protein and vitamin B1 were significantly related to the mental, neurosensory fatigue and CMI.

This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between body mass index and the food habits of college students. For this purpose, 1030 students of Seoul National University were asked to fill out the questionnaires for the food habit and weight control. Actual weights were also measured, on the spot. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Average height and weight were 173.15 cm, 63.83 kg for male, and 160.52 cm, 52.73 kg for females. The prevalence of underweight, normal and overweight was 32.3, 61.7, 5.5%, respectively. 2. Food habit scores of obese females were lower than normal or underweight females. Male subjects did not show significantly different scores among three groups. 3. Female obese subjects have lower scores than the other groups on the balanced intake of five basic food groups and on the regular meal intakes. Male obese subjects have cholesterol-rich food and animal fat more frequently than normal and underweight males. Male underweight subjects have lower food habit scores on the balanced intake of five basic food groups. 4. Males want to gain weight slightly and females want to lose 4.65 kg weight. All females want to lose weights. Obese males and females want to lose 10 kg weights.