Share of total accidents in construction accidents construction site accident 70% of small embroidery Reducing the rate of Construction of the entire construction accidents decreased overall is a very meaningful work. Disaster reduction continues to increase despite the efforts of a small construction site(Amount less than 2,000,000,000) for Disaster Reduction In order to identify more clearly the cause of the system and provide the urgently needed measures.

In Seoul, total 27 places of foot-bridges were chosen to evaluate the damping ratio through vibration measurement by mobile-phone application. Model vibration test was performed to compare the natural frequency and damping ratio between the conventional accelerometer and mobile-phone application. Measured average damping was compared with the one of Bachmann. The relation between the damping ratio and span was also investigated. Measured average damping ratio was greater than that of Bachmann. It was shown that there is no distinct trend between damping and span.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the level of satisfaction and clinical competence on simulation-based practice in woman’s hospital and to figure out the factors that level of satisfaction affect to clinical competence. Method The subjects in the experimental group were 93 students who did simulation-based practice and subjects in the control group were 70 students who practiced in woman’s hospital. Data was analyzed using ex post factor experimentation during second semester in 2013. Results: There was statistically no significant difference between the two groups, but positive correlation between the main variables. The most significant affecting factors to clinical competence in experimental group were satisfaction of contents and duration(R2=.24). The most significant affecting factors to clinical competence in control group were satisfaction of evaluation and practice stressor (R2=.32). Conclusion Since there was no difference between the two groups, once the difficult part in clinical practice of maternity nursing is practiced repeatedly, student’s competence can be improved. Hence the continual study was required.

Paik, Kyungsook. 2014. “They make me feel guilty”: An analysis of some pragmatic effects of Korean college students’ e-mail messages in English about their grades. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 22(3). This study investigates some pragmatic effects of Korean college students’ e-mail letters about their grades sent to English speaking professors. The pragmatic effects of 51 naturally occurring e-mail messages were evaluated by 4 native professors of English from the U.S. and New Zealand. The results show that Korean students at their intermediate proficiency level in English were found to be not very successful in writing e-mails inquiring about their grades. Their inappropriate pragmatic behaviors include structural informality of the letters, illegitimate goal of the letters, rude or not specific enough requests, some irrelevant or inefficient supportive moves and casual languages and symbols. Based on the students’ pragmatic failures in their messages, some relevant pragmatic norms of the native English professors were identified first, which were then compared to some Australian students’ linguistic behaviors in the same speech event to elicit the common core of the pragmatic rules of native speakers of English. Some additional interviews with the native evaluators were also carried out to clarify their baseline norms regarding some controversial aspects of the messages and to acquire some ethnographic information about their relationship with the students as well as other off-line interactions and practices in their academic community. This study finally discusses some implications of the results from the perspectives of applied linguistics and intercultural rhetoric.

순천시 동천의 둔치를 대상지로 식재된 조경식물 종의 생육적합성을 알아보기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 순천 동천에 하천 볼거리 경관으로 도입한 식물인 층꽃나무, 마가렛, 금불초의 3종의 식재지 6구역을 대상으로 식재 후 2년 동안 비료·농약 등을 처리하지 않는 일상적인 관리를 전제로 생육적합성을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 3종 중 마가렛이 자생력과 침투력이 가장 좋은 것으로 나타나 3종 중에서는 마가렛이 순천 동천에서 생육적합성이 있는 종으로 확인되었다. 3종의 식재지 6개 구역 18개 플롯에서 총 종수는 39종으로 나타났고, 평균종수는 10.7종 출현하는 것으로 나타났다. 6개 구역, 3종의 식재지에서 공통적으로 양이온치환용량과 인산 등의 함량이 많은 토양이 양호한 구역에서 출현 종수가 많은 것으로 나타났다. 주변의 식재지로부터 가장 많이 침투한 종은 금계국이었고, 삼잎국화도 절반 정도에 침투하고 있어서 하천권역에서 볼거리를 제공해 주는 데에 중요한 역할을 할 것이며 자생력이 있는 종으로 판단되었다. 주변의 식재종이 아닌 종으로는 자주괭이밥, 소리쟁이, 토끼풀, 바랭이의 상재도가 Ⅴ로서 침투력이 큰 것으로 나타나 지속적인 관리에도 불구하고 어디서나 출현하는 종으로 나타났다. 여름과 가을의 출현 종수의 차이는 약 1종 이하로 주기적인 관리로 차이가 거의 없었다.

In this study, we recognize that the interest about construction safety and disaster increases, and check the status of current research about construction safety. And we obtain the direction of future researches and implications for development. For this study, we analyzed the published researches in the last 11 years about construction safety, and addressed annual trends and research topics for a lot of construction safety research. And the future prospects of construction safety research were analyzed with the latest news articles.

본 연구는 원주시 완충녹지를 대상으로 잠재적 과밀 수목의 재활용 가능성을 파악하고자 현재의 식재수량 및 식재밀도를 조사하여 법적수량 및 수목 가중수량의 산정을 시도하였다. 가중산정 기준에 따라 완충녹지 재활용 이식수목을 선정하여 이를 토대로 원주시 과밀녹지의 조경수목 재활용 가능성을 파악하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 원주시 기존 완충녹지 중 2001년 조성되어 가장 과밀하다고 판단되어지는 무실택지변 완충녹지 3개 필지를 조사대상지로 선정하였으며 단위면적당 수목 밀도를 산정하고 표준수량을 기준으로 대경목 식재에 따른 가중치를 적용하여 법정현행 조경기준과 비교 후 식재밀도의 적정성을 검토하였다. 그 결과 임목밀도의 문제점을 파악하고 현재의 과밀수목에 따른 이식, 재활용 가능 조경수의 수목 및 수량을 파악할 수 있었다. 이러한 시도는 지방자치단체의 재정건전성확보와 녹지·공원 조성률 향상 및 연간관리비를 절감할 수 있을 것으로 기대되며 이후 효율적인 도시 재생공원 및 녹지조성에 기여할 수 있는 기초자료 제공에 그 목적이 있다.

디스플레이의 화질평가에는 일반적으로 주관적인 화질평가와 객관적인 화질평가로 나누어진다. 객관적인 화질평가는 디스플레이의 물리적 특성을 측정하고 평가한다. 주관적인 화질평가는 시청자의 주관에 따른 디스플레이의 화질을 평가하는 방법이다. 디스플레이의 화질평가에 있어 객관적인 화질평가 방법은 화질의 정도에 대해 정량적으로 평가가 가능하나 관찰자의 감성, 관심영역, 외부환경이 등이 고려되지 않아 객관적인 평가방법이 시청자의 주관적인 평가의 결과와 일치하진 않는다. 반면에 주관적인 평가는 많은 시간이 소요되고, 정량화의 방법 또한 어렵다. 이에 따라, 디스플레이의 화질 평가에 있어 인간 시각 특성에 대한 분석과 정량화가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 모바일 디스플레이의 화질을 평가함에 있어 인간의 주관적인 특성에 대해 인지 백색점과 인지 색 재현을 모델링하여 주관적 화질 평가의 정량화 방법을 제안한다. 이를 모델링함에 있어 주관적인 실험을 통해 선호 백색점과 11개의 primary 색에 대해 선호 색 좌표를 찾고, 이에 대해 평가 할 모바일 디스플레이의 특성화 된 영상과의 색 좌표의 거리를 통해 인지 화질평가의 정량화 방법을 제안한다.

The objective of this study is to investigate consumer preferences, perception and consumption patterns for fish products. To investigate the difference in consumer responses according to the characteristics of the population parameters, data were collected from the survey of 404 Koreans and analyzed. The results are as follows: First, the differences of age; for the question of the reason why do you eat fish products, the younger generation (20〜30s)’s most answer was‘The Taste’while the older age groups(40〜50s and over 60s)’most respond was‘For Health’. Second, the differences of sex; women relatively considered‘The Quality’of fish products more important than men when selecting the products. Whereas, men thought‘The Taste’of fish products more important than women when they choose fish products. In addition, when the bad news or hygiene accidents about fish products are reported on media, women reacted more negatively for fish products purchase than men. Third, the differences of family members; the respondents who lived with 3 or more family members showed higher preference rates about purchasing trimmed fresh fish at the store than respondents who lived with 2 or less family members. On the other hand, single households relatively bought processed fish products and RTE(Ready To Eat) fish products more than other family member groups. In addition, single households preference rates about eating fish products as a main dish were very high compared to other groups.

본 논문은 소비자학과 경영학에서 소비자 행태분석 및 시장 트렌드를 파악하기 위한 경험적 조사방법론으로 쓰이고 있는 타운워칭(town watching)법을 이용해 떠오르는 여가조성지의 공간적 특성을 파악하고 유입인구의 행태를 분석한 사례연구를 바탕으로 진행되었다. 디자인 전공생들이 타학문의 조사방법론 을 통해 수집한 정보를 분석하고 그 내용을 시각화함으로써 공 감각적 능력을 키우고, 입체적인 사고력과 정보를 디자인하는 능력, 독창적 표현법을 훈련할 수 있었다. 타운 워칭은 마포구 서교동 와우산로 지역 일대를 대상지로 선정하여 23명의 학생 들이 6개의 조로 나뉘어 팀별 5회 이상 현장조사를 실시하였 다. 팀원들이 관찰일지를 작성하고 사진촬영과 인터뷰를 병행 하며 타운워칭의 비교법, 정점법, 탐정법등을 통해 공간의 특성 과 유동인구의 특성을 분석하여 이 지역의 트렌드와 소비자 라 이프스타일을 도출하였다. 공간에 대한 분석 결과를 인포그래 픽(infographic)으로 시각화함으로써 공간을 구성하고 있는 매 장의 구성별, 속성별, 층별, 소비자 그룹별 지도를 창의적으로 제작하였다. 개발된 인포그래픽은 도표형, 2D 그래픽 지도형, 스토리텔링형 총 세 가지 형태로 분류된다. 도표형 인포그래픽 사례 두 가지는 이 지역을 구성하고 있는 매장에 대한 분석 정 보를 가장 객관적이고 사실적으로 전달하고 있다. 업종의 층별 구성상황을 전달하기 위해 건물을 이미지로 제작해 층별 위치 와 업태를 식별하기 쉽게 그래픽으로 표현하였으며 구성 비율 을 파이차트로 나타냈다. 또한 평면적인 지도 형태로 매장의 위치를 정확히 파악한 두 번째 사례 역시 업태를 도식화하여 파이차트로 제공하고 있다. 2D 그래픽 지도형 인포그래픽은 두 가지 형태가 개발되었는데 두 사례 모두 업종의 속성별로 그룹 핑을 했으며 이 지역으로 유입되는 사람들의 목적에 따라 매장 의 속성과 매치시켰다. 스토리텔링형 인포그래픽은 세 가지 형 태로 개발되었다. 특히 문화예술 소비 공간으로 부상하고 있는 지역의 특성을 반영하여 인터랙션의 효과를 넣음으로써 사용자 를 참여시키는 어플리케이션을 개발한 사례와 타깃별로 맞춤형 지도를 제안하고 팔찌형태의 독특한 인터페이스를 고안했다. SNS를 즐기는 젊은 층이 특히 많이 오는 지역으로 이들에 의 해 재생산되는 지역관련 이미지들을 차용해 고정된 이미지의 지도가 아닌, 살아 숨 쉬며 변화를 거듭하는 인터랙티비티가 강조되기도 했다. 스토리텔링형 인포그래픽의 사례 세 가지는 모두 사용자의 참여를 기반으로 소통하며 함께 만들어갈 수 있 는 스토리 재생산의 여지를 남겨두고 제작이 된 것을 알 수 있 다. 그동안 인포그래픽이 정보를 공급하는데 있어 복잡한 내용 을 한 장으로 정리하는데 주력한 도표형, 지도형 등이 많았다 면 앞으로의 인포그래픽은 정보 수용자의 유형별 속성별로 맞 춤형 정보를 제공함으로써 공감을 이끌어낼 수 있어야 한다. 스토리텔링형 인포그래픽이 보다 설득력을 가지며 인터랙션이 있을수록 수용자의 능동성을 높이며 살아있는 정보가 될 수 있 다. 타운워칭의 정보를 보다 효과적으로 전달하고 활용하기 위 해서는 융합디자인 교육에서 참여형 인터랙티브 인포그래픽에 대한 지속적인 연구가 필요하다.

Animal-assisted-activity programs are often used in pediatric hospital settings to provide emotional support and diversion, however there is little research about their efficacy. AAA for using insect affect children was examined in this study of 50 elementary school children. Self-reported (self-esteem, sociality and stress) were measured. Self-esteem and sociality rating of the children, and display of positive affect were enhance in the AAA group. This study provides further support to the numerous health benefits of AAA, particularly for children in elementary school.

본 논문의 연구주제인 자유주의적 공동체주의자인 마이클 샌델의 자기이해 사상과 존 스타인벡의 팀쉘에 대한 재해석을 통한 자유의지 사상의 접점을 찾는 연구 혹은 관련 연구는 예가 많지 않다. 본 논문의 목적은 샌델의 자기이해 사상과 스타인벡의 자유의지 사상의 접점과 샌델의 자유주의적 공동체이론에 비추어 '에덴의 동쪽'에 드러나는 공동체의 필요성을 고찰하는 것이다. 스타인 벡과 샌델의 사상 사이의 접점으로 그들은 모두 개인의 선택의 중요성과 진정한 공동체의 필요성을 강조한다. 스타인벡은 샌델이 진정한 공동체라고 주장하는 ‘구성적 공동체’를 전제한다면 어느 누구라도 자유의지를 통해서 자기이해를 실현할 수 있음을 보여준다.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to analyze the requirements of the road traffic safety moderator robot when road repairing. The road traffic safety moderator robot is road traffic safety equipment and to conversions mechanical engineering and IT when road repairing. METHODS: The study used AHP based on the survey from road repair related expert that field engineers, design engineers, public officials and professors. The survey used paired comparison. The survey items were safety, convenience and economics. The safety is classified as visibility or efficiency, the convenience is classified as utility or mobility and the economics is classified as initial investment cost or maintenance $ management cost. The survey alternatives were the road traffic safety moderator robot, traffic regulation by human, traffic regulation by mannequin and traffic signs. The software for AHP is Expert Choice 2000. RESULTS : The results of AHP analyze, the weighted value of safety was analyzed with the highest at 0.488 of survey items. The weighted value of convenience was analyzed at 0.295, the weighted value of economics was analyzed at 0.218. The results of the road traffic safety moderator robot, the weight value of efficiency and utility were analyzed with the highest at 0.284 and 0.259 of alternatives. The weighted value of initial investment cost and maintenance & management cost were analyzed with the lowest at 0.203 and 0.211 of alternatives. The consistency test results of each items, null hypothesis is rejected because the CR values were 0.000 respectively. Therefore, the study results are consistency. CONCLUSIONS : The result of this study, overall value of the road traffic safety moderator robot came off second-best of other alternatives. The road traffic safety moderator robot has been received highest praise by the result of the study as good road traffic safety equipment when road repairing because the weighted values of efficiency and utility were analyzed with the highest of survey items. The efficiency mean securing safety and the utility mean practical assistance when road repairing. The results of this study showed that the road traffic safety moderator robot will effective for traffic safety when road repairing. economics and visibility are that supplementation of the road traffic safety moderator robot because the weighted values of economics and visibility were analyzed with the lowest of survey items. The consistency test results are consistency because the CR values were 0.000 respectively.

PURPOSES : The bridge section of the expressway has a worse driving environment than the general section. However, traffic safety countermeasures are focused only on the bridge section. Traffic safety countermeasures on the section before entry to the bridge and the section after exit from the bridge are applied only when the bridge has a long-span section. Accordingly, this study will verify the necessity of extending the application of traffic safety countermeasures to areas that are affected by the bridge. METHODS: This study determines the areas that are affected by the bridge as well as the areas that are affected by locations with frequent traffic accidents and suggests the risk factors by affected areas through canonical discriminant analysis. For the analysis, traffic accident data for 3 years, which occurred on bridge sections in six major expressway lines, were used. RESULTS: The numbers of traffic accidents were 469 before the bridge, 281 on the bridge, and 468 after the bridge. The variables that have impact on the seriousness of accidents are as follows: speeding, excess manipulation of the steering wheel, and failure to secure safety distance for accidents that occurred before the bridge section; speeding, excess manipulation of the steering wheel, and dozing off for accidents that occurred on the bridge; and speeding and failure to secure safety distance for accidents that occurred after the bridge section. CONCLUSIONS : Areas affected by the bridge show higher accident rates than the bridge section; therefore, imposing traffic safety countermeasures on the integrated section of the bridge and the affected areas is required. It is believed that the results suggested in this study could be effectively used in the prevention of traffic accidents by imposing custom-made safety countermeasures for each section.

PURPOSES: Daejeon is basically divided into an old downtown and a new downtown, and the recent relocation of the Chungcheongnam-do Provincial Government of Republic of Korea from the old downtown and the opening of governmental buildings in the new downtown as well have made this new downtown only densely populated with industrial and business facilities. Such changes in the downtowns have promoted the conditions of the new downtown while, consequently, dragging down the old downtown. Out of concern for those unbalanced developments of the two downtowns, Daejeon is now carrying out several city projects to revive the old downtown. In the light of that, as a part of the project to promote the old downtown, this study aims to conduct an evaluation on landscape of the culture and arts street in Daeheungdong which was built upon those ideas of a theme street project by Daejeon. METHODS: Based on the findings from the questionnaire not only on the components that would design the streetscape of the culture and arts street but also on the public satisfaction with the streetscape, the study defined how those changes in the components affect emotional factors of the pedestrians. In order to achieve the research goal, the study made changes in D/H ratio of the street structural components as well as the roadside trees. In terms of the questionnaire method, the study used the SD scale, and proceeded with its investigation through the frequency analysis, the principal component analysis (the factor analysis) and the structural equation model. RESULTS : According to the results from the factor analysis and the regression analysis, of those three factors, such as the openness, the comfortable sensation and the safety, the openness followed by the comfortable sensation and the safety was determined to have the most positive influence on the total satisfaction. The structural model analysis reported that the D/H and the structural components of the roadside trees and planting have a positive effect on the emotional image, and this emotional image also appeared to be positively related to the total satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS : This study looked into how the changes in the street structural components of the culture and arts street in Daeheungdong would affect the satisfaction with the streetscape, and finally confirmed that the D/H and the planting are what would have a positive effect on this satisfaction. What has been learned from this study will be the basic data to figure out how to promote and improve the culture and arts street in Daeheung-dong as this data will also help designing and developing of those specialized streets in other regions.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to analyse the longitudinal steel strain and stress of continuously reinforced concrete pavement(CRCP) with longitudinal and transverse direction at early age using stress dependent strain analysis method. METHODS : To measure the longitudinal steel strain, 9-electrical resistance and self-temperature compensation gauges were installed to CRCP test section (thickness = 250mm, steel ratio = 0.7%) and continuously measured 10min. intervals during 30days. In order to properly analyze the steel stress first, temperature compensation process has been conducted. Secondly, measured steel strains were divided into stress dependent strain (elastic strain) and stress independent strain (thermal strain) and then stress dependent strain was applied to stress calculation of longitudinal steels. RESULTS: Steel strains were successfully measured during 30days. To verify the accuracy of temperature compensation process, measured coefficient of thermal expansion(COTE,11.46×10-6m/m/℃) of longitudinal steel before paving was compared with that of unrestrained steel. Max. steel stress in the transverse direction shows about 266MPa at 23days after placement. CONCLUSIONS: Steel stresses in the longitudinal and transverse direction have been evaluated. In longitudinal direction, steel stress from the crack was rapidly reduced from 183MPa at crack to 18MPa from 600mm apart the crack. From this observation, stress effective length can be identified as within 600mm apart from the crack. In transverse direction, max. stress point was located near the center of pavement width and stress level(266MPa) is about 66% of yield stress of steel