The rapid growth of complexity and scale can be witnessed in the design and development of modern systems. As such, the severity of damages in the occasional accidents has attracted great deal of attention lately. Although a variety of methods have so far been studied to overcome or reduce the disastrous results of hazards, the issues seem still persistent and even complicated due to the situation mentioned above. The concept of functional safety has been regarded as one approach to handling the matters by shifting up to the functions level from the consideration of each physical component itself. The outcomes of those efforts would be the international standards on functional safety such as IEC 61508 and its relatives including IEC 62278, EN 50128, ISO26262, and so on. In this paper, a method of how hazards can be analyzed to be coped with those standards has been studied. In the method proposed, the systems modeling language (SysML) is playing a key role to model and analyze the hazards from the viewpoint of functional safety. The approach taken has been applied in the analysis of the hazards in railroad systems. In spite of focusing on the individual components hazards, the method based on functional safety has analyzed them collectively with the added effect of identifying the cause originated from the interface between the functions.

The design of foot-bridge is often influenced by natural frequency. Consequently, vibration frequency becomes important. The empirical expressions used to quantify this parameter at the design phase have not been developed enough to give guideline to Korean foot-bridge. This paper is concerned with the vertical natural frequency of steel foot-bridges. It describes the vibration measurement methods employed for testing structures and presents reliable methods of assessing natural frequency from jumping vibration tests. Data from measurements on 16 structures in Seoul are given. Regression formulas of natural frequency for steel-framed foot-bridges are suggested. Finally, obtained formula are compared with empirical expressions of Seoul City's guideline.

A novel fullerene derivative with photoresponsive azobenzene group was designed and synthesized, and its photoresponsive properties were reported. Starting from 4-nitrophenol, compound 1, which is containing fullerene moiety connected to azobenzene group through covalent linkage was synthesized by 5 steps. All the intermediates and the final compound were characterized by ¹H, 13C-NMR, FAB-Mass or elemental analysis. Compound 1 exhibited the expected photoresponsive behavior. Chloroform solution(10-5M) of it served to maximize the absorption at 351 nm corresponding to the trans-azobenzene chromophore. Irradiation of this solution with 365 nm light resulted in photoisomerization to cis-azobenzene, as evidenced by decrease in the absorbance at 351 nm and an increase in absorbance at 450nm. A hotostationary state was reached within about 150 s. Thermal reversion to the original spectrum was observed over the course of about 6 h at room temperature in the dark. However, exposure to bright sun light for about 5 s also effect almost complete reversion to the trans-isomer. This indicates that there is no strong steric influence on the trans-cis reversible isomerization of compound 1.

문화관광축제는 축제를 통해 지역의 정체성이 조성되거나 지역의 자율성이 확보되기도 하고, 전통 문화가 보존ㆍ계승되거나 축제에 의해 발생한 비용과 관광객의 소비지출 등을 통해 지역경제 활성화에 크게 기여하고 있어 지역경제 활성화 정책의 하나로 이러한 축제를 도입하고 있는 지자체도 많이 생겨나고 있다. 이와 같이 문화관광축제는 지역의 전통 문화의 보존ㆍ계승 및 경제 활성화 측면에서 중요한 역할을 하고 있다고 볼 수 있는데 이는 경제·사회·문화 등 모든 면에서 지역을 활성화시킬 수 있는 커다란 이벤트의 하나라고 할 수 있다. 각 지역에서 개최하고 있는 축제들은 적극적인 홍보와 마케팅 전략으로 외지 또는 외국인 관광객을 유치하기 위하여 힘쓰고 있다. 특히 인터넷의 발달과 더불어 웹사이트를 통한 홍보는 국경을 초월하여 축제의 정보제공 및 이미지 창출에 크게 기여하고 있다고 할 수 있다. 최근에는 영어, 일본어, 중국어 등의 외국어 사이트를 설치하여 외국인 관광객에게 자세한 정보를 제공하여 참여를 적극적으로 유도하고 있는 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 2014년도에 문화관광축제로 지정된 40개의 축제 중에서 대표축제(2개), 최우수 축제(8개), 우수축제(10개)의 웹사이트에서 외국어 지원 상황을 파악하고, 그 중에서도 일본어의 운영 상황 및 내용에 대한 분석을 통해 문제점을 지적하고 개선 방안을 도출하고자 한다.

The current interest in atmospheric particulate matter (PM) is mainly due to its effect on human health.Exposure to outdoor PM is associated with a wide range of adverse health effects. Indoor air contains a complexmixture of bioaerosols such as bacteria, fungi and allergens. Children are known to be more susceptible tothe exposures of PM and bioaerosols which are represented by airborne bacteria, fungi, and allergens. Thisstudy is to assess concentrations of the atmospheric PM and bioaerosols indoors and outdoors at 15 daycarecenters for children located in Seoul. Particles were measured indoors and outdoors with automatic particlemonitoring using beta radiation absorption. Airborne bacteria and fungi were sampled by Anderson sampler.Analysis shows that average indoor PM10 was 95.7µg/m³ (SD 26.6µg/m³) and average level of airbornebacteria and fungi were 575.0CFU/m³ (SD 431.6CFU/m³) and 77.9CFU/m³ (SD 45.6CFU/m³), respectively.Finally, efficient ventilation and effective air cleaning strategies are necessary to reduce indoor concentrationsof particles and bioaerosols.

본 연구는 한우 번식 기록이 잘 유지되고 있는 4개 농장의 2007년 1월부터 2010년 10월까지의 번식 자료 수집하여 분석하였다. 수태 당 평균 수정 횟수와 평균 공태일은 A농장 1.7 ± 0.1회와 77.4 ± 4.8일, B농장 1.5 ± 0.1회와 150.8 ± 11.2일, C농장 1.5 ± 0.1회와 90.4 ± 4.5일, D농장 1.4 ± 0.1회와 71.4 ± 2.5일이었다 호르몬으로 발정을 유도하는 D농장을 제외한 3개 농장 531두의 번식 기록으로 분만 후 첫 수정 시기에 따른 평균 수정 횟수와 평균 공태일을 분석한 결과, 총 5개의 수정시기에 따른 수정 횟수는 30일 이전 첫 수정이 2.1 ± 0.2회로 31일 이후 첫 수정보다 유의적으로 높았다. 번식 장애우 58두에 2가지 배란 동기화법을 사용하여 수태율을 확인해 본 결과, Ovsynsh 법은 55.2%의 수태율을, CIDR-based TAI 법은 65.5%의 수태율을 나타냈다. 농장의 번식률을 높이기 위해서는 정확한 번식 기록 작성, 발정 관찰, 수정 후 임신 감정, 번식 기관 검진, 번식률을 고려한 첫 수정 시기 수정 등이 필요하다.

New paradigm to the technological advancement and policies for disaster management is required for the fast change of the social framework such as climate change, urbanization, and aging. In these circumstances, enhancing the capacity of disaster management of national has become important issues, which is based on the ISO/TC223(Societal Security) In this research, we analyzed international trend and proposed effective domestic strategy for adapting TC223; 1) establishing a new department for effective corresponding, 2) activating an accreditation related to public and private field.