목적: 이 연구는 10주간의 유산소운동과 복합(유+무산소운)운동에 따른 대학생의 안면 피부상태와 주관적 안녕감의 변화를 사례연구설계로 알아보는 것이었다. 방법: 남녀 대학생 2명씩 4명을 대상으로 총 16주간(기초선 3주, 운동처지 10주, 운동철회 3주)의 실험을 진행하였다. 운동처치는 남녀 각 1명씩에게 유산소운동 혹은 복합운동을 무선으로 배정하여 실시하였다. 결과: 모든 참가자의 안면피부에서 수분은 운동처치 단계에서 증가하다가 운동철회 단계에서 감소하였다. 안면의 유분은 운동처치단계에서 감소하다가 운동철회단계에서 다시 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 주관적 안녕감의 하위요인인 긍정정서와 삶의 만족도는 전체 운동기간에 걸쳐 점진적으로 증가하였고, 다른 하위요인인 부정정서는 점차적으로 감소하는 추세를 보였다. 피부건강과 주관적 안녕감의 관계도 운동단계 별 추이를 통해 연관이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 결론: 유산소운동과 복합운동은 모두 안면피부상태와 정신건강에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 결론에 도달하였다.

한옥마을은 전주시의 대표적인 관광지로 주목받고 있으며, 연간 관광객이 2016년 기준으로 1,066만명에 이를 정도로 좁은 관광지역에 대규모 인파가 폭증함에 따라 교통체증은 물론 먹거리 문제, 이에 따른 폐기물 관리문제가 대두되고 있는 상황이다. 음식업소배출량을 제외하고 연간 3,551톤(약 10톤/일)의 생활폐기물이 길거리수거함에 배출되고 있으며, 종량제봉투(100L 기준)사용량이 월 5,000장 정도 소요되며, 총 12지점의 배출지를 확보하여 운영하고 있지만, 관광객증가 및 음식소비 등에 따른 발생량 증가에 대응하기에 한계가 있다. 주요배출원인 길거리 음식점의 1회용품에 의한 것으로 확인되며, 길거리 배출함내 일반 및 재활용성 폐기물이 혼합되어 배출되고 있고, 상가 및 거주 주민들의 생활폐기물도 무단배출되는 지역특성을 고려하여 현장조사를 통해 폐기물 발생특성을 확인하고, 단계별로 규모별 적정한 관리방안을 모색하려고 한다. 또한 한옥마을 관광형태가 한옥숙박과 함께 거리여행의 특성이 크고, 이동반경이 작은 만큼 실내 음식 소비형태보다는 길거리 요기형태의 소비가 높아 길거리 배출량이 증가하는 경향을 고려하여 한옥마을 도로에 대한 관광객 및 길거리 음식업주의 쓰레기 분리 및 수거상황을 조사를 통해 관리 실태를 확인하고자 한다.

Purpose - This work analyzes, in detail, the specification of vector error correction model (VECM) and thus examines the relationships and impact among seven economic variables for USA - balance on current account (BCA), index of stock (STOCK), gross domestic product (GDP), housing price indices (HOUSING), a measure of the money supply that includes total currency as well as large time deposits, institutional money market funds, short-term repurchase agreements and other larger liquid assets (M3), real rate of interest (IR_REAL) and household credits (LOAN). In particular, we search for the main explanatory variables that have an effect on stock and real estate market, respectively and investigate the causal and dynamic associations between them. Research design, data, and methodology – We perform the time series vector error correction model to infer the dynamic relationships among seven variables above. This work employs the conventional augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips-Perron (PP) unit root techniques to test for stationarity among seven variables under consideration, and Johansen cointegration test to specify the order or the number of cointegration relationship. Granger causality test is exploited to inspect for causal relationship and, at the same time, impulse response function and variance decomposition analysis are checked for both short-run and long-run association among the seven variables by EViews 9.0. The underlying model was analyzed by using 108 realizations from Q1 1990 to Q4 2016 for USA. Results – The results show that all the seven variables for USA have one unit root and they are cointegrated with at most five and three cointegrating equation for USA. The vector error correction model expresses a long-run relationship among variables. Both IR_REAL and M3 may influence real estate market, and GDP does stock market in USA. On the other hand, GDP, IR_REAL, M3, STOCK and LOAN may be considered as causal factors to affect real estate market. Conclusions – The findings indicate that both stock market and real estate market can be modelled as vector error correction specification for USA. In addition, we can detect causal relationships among variables and compare dynamic differences between countries in terms of stock market and real estate market.

게이미피케이션 기술은 차세대 박물관 경험을 위한 중요한 기술 중 하나임에도 불구하고 국내 박물관 교육과 해설 활동에 활발하게 적용되고 있지 않으며 학문적 연구의 실증적 고찰 또한 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 박물관 게이미피케이션 국내외 대표적 사례를 연구하여 박물관 게이미피케이션 기술 전략을 도출하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 해당 사례의 관람 방식, 관람경험의 개인화, 프로그램과 관람객 간의 상호작용 정도를 비교 분석하고 이를 MDA 프레임워크에 적용함으로써 디지털 기술 기반 프로그램의 특정 구조가 박물관 경험에 미치는 영향을 구체적으로 살펴보았다. 이와 같은 연구를 통해 관람객이 주체가 되어 박물관과의 상호작용을 주도하는 과정에서 게이미피케이션은 첫째, 시각적 자기 표현, 둘째, 박물관 공간 활용, 셋째, 시공간에 구애받지 않는 주도적 학습, 넷째, 타인과의 상호작용에 기여 하는 방식으로 디자인되어야 그 제 기능을 다할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

As a result of the application in accordance with the assessment procedures given in the Detailed Guide (plan) for the precision safety diagnosis of the external tendon in Prestressed Concrete, it was evaluated with reasonable procedures and results.

After Po-Hang earthquake(Magnitude 5.4, Nov.15. 2017), total 55 cut slopes along the expressway within 25km from earthquake source were examined if there were any signs of instabilities such as rockfalls, surface failure, cracks and wood tumbles. Examination revealed that no cut slope showed any abnomality. This result raise an issue if design of slope against seismic activity is necessary. In this paper, necessity and seismic analysis method are discussed.

In this study, We introduce a case of reconstruction of ASSM tunnel with various leakage paths. The Reconstruction method applied NATM waterproofing system to ASSM because of various leak paths and leakage

The Bridge Safety Department of Seoul Metropolitan Government has regularly conducted precise inspection and precision safety inspection to maintain the bridge's function and safety. During a precise safety inspection in 2015, oil leakage progression was found on the cable anchorage system within the stiffened girder of Nilsen Arch bridge and as a follow-up measure, the cable replacement for the cable ACD11 was carried out in order to identify the relevant cause of the oil leakage and evaluate the integrity of the existing cable. The mechanical properties and fatigue performance tests of the cable strands of bridge inservice for about 20 years and comprehensive analysis of oil leakage were carried out. They were described hereby.

This study is a case of construction after bridge demolition due to the aging of bridges operating the railway. Due to the influence of the pier vibration on the railway, the influence of the railway line, the construction period, etc., the P.B.S technique was applied to the coping pile foundation. It was completed in 5 days per 1 bridge pier by the PBS method. Since it is constructed in the dry season (from October to April) without vibration and noise, it can be installed safely on the rail rail of the pier of the bridge .

The 'Housing Act (‘14.04), which permits the remodeling of old apartment buildings, has been implemented. In particular, vertical remodeling is generally implemented by adding 2~3 floors above the top floor of existing apartments. Technically, it is necessary to reinforce the existing pile due to the increase of vertical, horizontal, seismic load, etc. However, the existing piles are loaded simultaneously and so each pile was constructed at limited base space for application of reinforcement method. The bearing capacity of existing piles decreases due to vertical expansion so the bearing capacity of the piles must be confirmed by the indirect method(laboratory test etc.) in the first safety diagnosis and by the direct method(field test etc.) in the second safety diagnosis.

For the last several years, climatic changes have led to the increase of natural disaster attributed to climatic abnormality, for instance, sweltering heat, heavy snow, or heavy rain. Particularly, localized guerrilla heavy rain mostly occurring in summer often results in flood damage. Such damage may lead to fatal damage to the safety of underground structures having the water level as the load. Accordingly, this study is going to introduce the cases of safety analysis grounded on numerical analysis in order to understand the structural behavior of riverbed tunnels according to water level fluctuations.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the cause of corrosion associated with steel barrier wall corrosion, to review the current state of safety, and to describe the parts to consider in future design and maintenance.Also, when selecting the bridge type for the reduction of the long life and reducing the load, it is necessary to avoid the steel wall barrier of the entire cross-section of the barrier wall in the case of the steel plate type,I would like to discuss about reflection.

Domestic facilities are managed in accordance with the "Special Law on the Safety and Maintenance of Facilities", and are managed through periodical inspection and safety diagnosis. In the inspection and diagnosis of such facilities, Comprehensive analysis results from exterior and non-destructive survey, and the five grade of the facility is managed. Most of the non-destructive tests are carried out in consideration of operation. In this paper, the purpose of this study is to investigate the change of compressive strength and the characteristics of the core strength in the ○○ tunnel.

It is necessary to establish countermeasures to prevent spalling in the tunnel ceiling concrete lining from being linked to lack of lining thickness, leading to additional spalling. We analyzed the effect of thinning between the ceiling part and the lining thickness on the safety of the tunnel and confirmed the structural behavior of the lining based on the measured values after practically reinforcing the inside and filling the inside of the lining.

There are weaknesses of water-pipe buried at river because of difficulty like to invisible exposure by scour. These weaknesses cause flotation, deformation and damage of pipeline. Therefore, this paper presents the survey instrument applying GNSS that KISTEC has recently introduced. Also, we has verified reliability by discovering exposed water-pipe on field

In Korea, inspection and precise safety diagnosis is regularly carried out to maintain and manage the main tunnel(NATM) which has been passed ten years after completion. In this study, we collected the laboratory test results of the concrete lining in the existing road and railway tunnels, and analyzed the correlation between compressive strength and unit mass of concrete. It is hoped that it will be used for efficient maintenance and management work of tunnels in the future.

We have identified the subway of structures as subway station users complained of vibrations from a structures when they walked through middle stairs of escalator. As a result of converting the vibration level to the conversion rate, it was measured at 3.846mm/s(82.7dB) on the B1st floor and 0.966mm/s(70.7dB) on the B2nd floor. These results are higher than the domestic standard of 65dB and lower than the international standard of under 5mm/s. It is felt well with the human body, but the structure is considered to be harmless. Therefore, it is deemded the structure is safe to usue. As the result of measuring the national frequency, the stairs on the B1st floor to be 3.01Hz and the stairs B2nd floor to be 5.36Hz. We consider that the users feel discomfort and anxiety on the B1st floor, where displacement and vibrations are higher.