Waste management in Jeju Province, Korea, has recently emerged as an urgent problem. The increasing waste discharge requires more landfills but, since it is an island, the available land is restricted. Accordingly, an efficient waste management urgently requires environmentally sustainable policies. In this article, the waste discharge characteristics (such as the amount of waste, its composition, etc.) of Jeju Province have been compared with those in the rest of Korea. The current industrial waste management of two cities on the Island, Jeju City and Seogwipo City, has been also analyzed to suggest policies for an efficient management. The local government’s endeavor to enhance environmental awareness of the community has been known to reduce the private cost of policy compliance, and have individuals recognize the results of their policy compliance. Policies to achieve the above are then proposed.

Background: The ginsenosides Rb1 (G-Rb1) and Rg1 (G-Rg1) are used as marker compounds, and are the principal bioactive compounds assessed in the quality control of white ginseng. This study was conducted to analyze white ginseng samples of different and to obtain useful data for the quality control of white ginseng. Methods and Results: The variation in the content of G-Rb1 and G-Rg1 was evaluated among 35 samples of 4-, 5-, and 6-year-old white ginseng. The content of both G-Rb1 and G-Rg1 did not significantly differ among ages, and the relative ratio of the maximum to the minimum content of these within ginseng of the same ages was more than two. However, the ratio of G-Rb1 to G-Rg1 content in the 5- and 6-year-old ginseng was significantly higher than that in the 4-year-old one. According to the ‘Ginseng industrial act’, the standard (w/w, %) minimum G-Rg1 and G-Rb1 content is 0.10% and 0.20% or more, respectively. Among the 35 samples examined, the content of G-Rg1 was found to be 0.124 - 0.399% with none being less than the standard level, while that of G-Rb1, was 0.147 - 0.595%, with 4 samples (11.4%) failing to meet the standard levels. The content of G-Rg1 and G-Rb1 did not show a constant relationship with the size of ginseng. Conclusions: In our study, the content of both G-Rg1 and G-Rb1 varied widely, and there was no significant difference among cultivation ages. The results of the present study might provide useful information for the quality control of raw ginseng and processed white ginseng using marker compound.

Background : Wild-simulated ginseng (WSG, Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) in Korea which depends on an artificial forest growth method. Methods and Results : WSG samples were collected from 8 different regions in Korea in October, 2017, and these were analyzed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF MS) using optimized analytical methods to compare the metabolite patterns to cultivated regions. Furthermore, their metabolite compositions differed according to individual plant samples. The metabolite profiling data were processed by multi-variate statistical analyses such as PCA and PLS-DA to determine the differences among geographical origins. To identify significant metabolites according to regional variances of WSG, more sophisticated multi-variate statistical analyses such as metabolite selection should be performed. Conclusion : This metabolomics approach can also be applied to evaluate the overall quality of WSG, as well as to discriminate the cultivars for the medicinal plant industry.

Background : This study examines the main growth characteristics, physiological stress, or diseases damage for 3 and 4-years-old ginseng in the new lines cultivated in Gyeonggi for development of new lines of Ginseng. Methods and Results : Eumseong 13, 14 and 15, which are two-years-old seedling in the new line ginseng were transplanted in 7 lines × 9 rows (70 plants)/1.62㎡ in 2015 along with Gumpoong and Yeonpoong as the control lines while Eumseong 16 and 17 as well as Chunpoong as the control line were transplanted in the same way in 2016. The ginseng shading was installed with the front post of 170 ㎝ high and the rear post of 100 ㎝ high using the rear line while as the sun blocking material, the aluminum shade plate was used. As for the new growth lines of 3 and 4-years ginseng in the new growth line, the aerial parts of the ginseng and underground part of ginseng were examined. In addition, the physiological stress such as the leaf discoloration, rusty root and root rot as well as the resistance against the disease were examined. It was found out that as for the aerial parts of 3-years-old ginseng in test line, Eumseong 16 and 17 were better in the growth than the control lines were while in 4 years old ginseng, Eumseong 13 and 14 were better in the growth than Gumpoong as the control line was. As for the root weight of the 4-years-old ginseng for the underground part, there was no significant difference compared with control line while in 3-years-old ginseng, Eumseong 16 and 17 were heavier. The leaf discoloration did not happen to both 3 and 4-years-old ginseng. As for the root rot, 3-years-old Eumseong 16 and 17 suffered less root rot in the same way as for the control line. 4-years-old Eumseong 14 and 15 had less root rot in the same way as for the control line. 3-years-old Eumseong 16 and 17 have less rusty root in the same way as the control line while as for 4-years-old ginseng, Eumseong 13, 14 and 15 showed a lot of rusty roots in the same way as the control line. Conclusion : Finally, considering the growth characteristics, physiological stress and root rusty of the aerial parts and underground parts of the ginseng, we selected Eumseong 16 and 17 as the excellent lines for 3-years-old ginseng.

Background : Atractylodes macrocephala is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the family Asteraceae and should be cultivated in field soils with good water dripping due to plant characteristics. However, cultivating farmers mainly have recently been cultivated in paddy soil due to their regional characteristics, which causes the decrease in yield due to poor drainage. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the cultivation in high ridge and subsoil breaking effect for stable paddy soils cultivation technology of A. macrocephala. Methods and Results : Soil was paddy soils in the fall of 2017, and the pH (1 : 5) was 6.61 ± 0.15 as a result of chemical and physical properties. EC was 0.49 ± 0.05 dS/m, and organic matter content was 28.69 ± 69 g/㎏ and effective phosphoric acid was 306 ± 17.8 ㎎/㎏. As a result of the soil layering survey, the surface layer was 0 - 26 ㎝ deep as paddy soil mounded with sandy loam in the past. In the surface layer, there was a light layer after 17 ㎝ depth, and volume density was 1.71 ± 1.3 g/㎤. The porosity of the plow pan was 33.41 ± 2.34%. The cultivation methods were cultivation in high ridge (30 ㎝ or more) and level row (10 ㎝ or less) at 2 levels and 3 repetitions. In subsoil breaking, the depth of the plow pan was increased from 17.1 ± 0.5 ㎝ before treatment to 31.1 ± 3.6 ㎝ after treatment and the hardness was 24.8 ± 1.5 ㎜. In the case of rotary plowing, the depth of the plow pan was 17.1 ± 1.9 ㎝ before treatment and 26 ± 2.4 ㎝ after treatment and the hardness was 25.8 ± 2.9 ㎜. The medium growth characteristics of A. macrocephala per treatment showed the tendency of increase in plant length, culm length, number of nodes, number of leaves, and fresh weight in level row cultivation after subsoil breaking. Root growth of cultivation in high ridge after subsoil breaking tended to be good with rhizome weight of 11.6 g per hill. The survival percentages were 98.8 - 100% and the bolting rate was 93.4 - 96.2% Conclusion : In cultivation in high ridge after subsoil breaking in the paddy field of Gangwon area, the decrease of yield of A. macrocephala due to drainage was expected to be alleviated, but final conclusion should be drawn after analyzing soil temperature and soil moisture data.

Background : Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) is a multi-year-cultivated plant that causes many insects and disease damage during the growing season. The Ginseng Rain-sheltered Shade House is one of the efficient cultivation techniques as reducing the damages caused by natural disaster such as blight, high temperature & humidity, dry, and heavy rain & snow. This study was conducted to investigate the growth characteristics of 4-years-old ginseng using rain-sheltered shade house suitable shading materials for the Gyeongsangbuk-do. Methods and Results : The rain-sheltered shade house shading materials were PE film with layered polyethylene net 90%, Light diffusion film with layered polyethylene net 75%, blue-white duplicated film. In order to determine proper shading materials of the rain-sheltered shade house, ginseng growth characteristics such as plant length, stem diameter, leaf length, root length and root diameter were investigated at 4-years-old ginseng. As a result, the evaluations of aerial part growth by measurements were good in the following order: PE film + polyethylene net 90%, Blue-white duplicated film and light diffusion film + polyethylene net 75%. The evaluations of root weight by measurements were heavy in the following order: Blue-white duplicated film, PE film + polyethylene net 90% and light diffusion film + polyethylene net 75%. The net photosynthetic rate was higher in blue-white duplicated film than other shading materials treatments during growth season including summer high-temperature period. Conclusion : In the 4-years-old ginseng cultivation in Gyeongsangbuk-do using the rain-sheltered shade house, aerial part growth in PE film + polyethylene net 90% was better than other shading materials. In addition, root weight in Blue-white duplicated film was heavier than other shading materials. It will be possible to know which shading material is the most suitable for Gyeongsangbuk-do area after further growth.

Background : The cultivation area of Rehmannia glutinosa Liboschitz is 156 ㏊ ('16), which is one of my representative medicinal crops. However, since it grows by roots, the damage of the repeated cultivation and the degeneration of the seedstock are increasing. To solve these problems, we are developing new varieties every year by testing the regional adaptability of high quality system. In recent years, as the quality and quantity of new varieties have been proven to increase, the need for continuous development of excellent varieties is increasing. Methods and Results : The test material used a jihwang-1 as standard variety, the system was planted in 3-year (RGES 20), 2-year (RGES 21, 22, 23) and 3-year (RGES 24, 25). The root lengths were cut at intervals of about 2 to 3 ㎝ and immersed for 20 minutes in a fludioxonil suspension concentrate (1,000-fold dilution) and shaded for 1 day. Sowing was planted on April 30th, and planting interval was 30 ㎝ × 15 ㎝. Growth investigation was carried out on the overground growing (plant length, leaf length, leaf number, plant type, etc) and degree of generation of pests. As a result of the growth investigation, the third year RGES 20, the second year RGES 22, and the first year RGES 25 were excellent. RGES 20 was upright type and superior in overground growing, RGES 22 had strong pest resistance. RGES 25 was characterized by strong at high temperature, but growth is not as good as other high quality system. Conclusion : Recently, the difficulty of cultivation of zucchini has been increasing due to abnormal weather. Especially in this year, high temperature of 35℃ or more continued for about 30 days, and the need to cultivate varieties resistant to high temperatures is increasing. Therefore, it is expected that RGES 25 can be registered as a promising strain that is resistant to high temperature if the yield is corrected.

Background : For cultivation of varieties of ginseng, the pure line selection method, which is to select the best among those cultivated in farms for pedigree breeding, replicated yield trials and regional adaptation trials before registering as a new variety, is widely used. Although there are 25 registered varieties of ginseng in Korea, the quality of ginseng is declining together with the amount of harvest being decreased by 15 - 20% due to the heat injuries and diseases from the warming & abnormal climate. Thus, the needs for development of disaster-resistant varieties with better chances of surviving through high temperature, salts and disease are increasing. Therefore, this study is to cultivate disaster-resistant varieties among those selected for their disaster tolerance and salt tolerance through regional adaptation trials. Methods and Results : As a result of examining the growth characteristics of the selected 2-6-years-old varieties used in the study, among the 6-years-old crops, Eumseong 9 and Eumseong 10 showed superior growth in aboveground parts, Eumseong 10 showed superior growth in underground parts, among the 5-years-old crops, Eumseong 15 showed superior growth in both above and below aerial parts, and among the 4-years-old crops, Eumseong 9 and Eumseong 16 showed superior growth while the growth in the underground parts were satisfactory in the order of Eumseong 16 > Eumseong 10 > Eumseong 12 > Eumseong 9. Among the 3-years-old crops, the most superior growth in both above and below aerial parts was observed in Goryeo 2 with the weight of the underground part, in the 2-years-old crops, Eumseong 26 showed the most superior growth in both above-ground and underground parts. Conclusion : Based on the above results, Eumseong 10 among the 6-year-old crops, Eumseong 15 among the 5-years-old crops, Eumseong 9 & Eumseong 16 among the 4-years-old crops, Goryeo 2 among the 3-years-old crops and Eumseon 26 among the 2-years-old crops showed the most superior growth among the selected varieties. The growth characteristics of both above and below aerial parts in each year will continuously be monitored.

Background : Panax ginseng C. A. meyer is currently cultivated throughout the Korea Peninsula except for Jeju Island. We divided into 3 sectors according to latitude, north, middle, and south, and compared ginseng growth and environmental factors. Methods and Results : We surveyed 11 farms, and while temperature, plant density, sunshade material, and soil properties were varied between the farms, most north part used sunshade film and transfer-seeding, and middle-south and south part used sunshade net, and direct-seeding. From 1st to 10th of June, 2018, the temperature inside of sunshade of each farm which ranged 20.5 - 24.5℃ did not concerted with the local meteorological air temperature nor latitude. The average plant length was 66.0 ± 8.1 with a significant difference between local farms (p < 0.001). Plant length showed high correlation with stem length, stem diameter, leaf length, and leaf width, but not with chlorophyll content, thus plant length was used to compare the effects of environmental factors on plant growth. The temperature had negative correlations between plant length (r = -0.396, p = 0.056) and stem length (r = -0.420, p = 0.041), but not with others. When local farms grouped into 3 sectors, the temperature inside sunshade was lowest in south than others, and stem diameter, leaf length, and leaf width of north sector were higher than other sectors. Conclusion : The temperature of local farm might affected by micro environment such as sunshade and geometrical properties, and partially devote on the growth difference between the local farms.

북한은 수력발전이 전체 발전량의 약 63%를 차지할 만큼 비중이 높고, 지리적으로 수력발전 개발에 많은 이점을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 33 개의 북한 댐개발 가능지점에 대해 DEM자료를 이용하여 유역분석 및 저수량을 산정하고, MWSWAT 모델을 이용한 30년간의 장기유출 분석 결과를 적용하여 연간가능발생전력량을 추정하였다. 33개 지점의 연간가능발생전력량은 현재 북한 수력발전량의 약 28% 수준으로 평가되었다. 또한 도별 공업지구 규모를 추정하고, 장래 인구 변동을 전망하여 도별 댐개발 우선순위를 선정하고, 저수량과 연간가능발생전력량을 기초로 도내 댐 개발 우선선위를 선정하였다. 도별 우선순위는 평안남도, 함경남도, 함경북도, 황해북도, 평안북도, 자강도, 량강도, 황해남도, 강원도 순으로 나타 났다. 본 연구의 결과는 북한지역의 수력발전댐 개발사업의 진출을 위한 초기 검토 자료로 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

This study was carried out to investigate the optimum cultivation distance for high yielding cultivation of the new variety of Gomchwi in highland and lowland. The test material was used ‘Sammany’ variety and the area was cultivated with a highland of 750 m above sea level and a lowland of 20 m above sea level. The planting distance was 5 treatments of 20 x 20 ㎝, 20 x 30 ㎝, 30 x 30 ㎝, 35 x 40 ㎝ and 40 x 40 ㎝, and the plant was cultivated at 35% shading net in the open field. The annual growth of ‘Sammany’ variety was higher in the highland than in the lowland, but the number of leaves was higher in the lowland than that in the highland. The leaf number per plant was the highest in the 40 x 40 ㎝ plot and the more the planting distance was, the more tendency was. However, the leaf weight per plant was higher in the highland than in the lowland. The number of leaves per 10a were higher in the lowland than that of highland and the tendency was more as the planting distance was narrower. Yields were slightly higher in the highland than that of lowland and the highest treatment plot was 2,983 ㎏/10a in 20 x 20 ㎝. In the second year, the growth was high in the highland, and the highland was high in the leaf number and leaf weight and the same tendency in the yields. Among the planting distances, Yields in both areas were the highest in the 20 x 20 ㎝ treatment, with 3,369 ㎏/10a in lowland and 7,257 ㎏/10a in highland. The growth of the third year was slightly better in the highland than that of the lowland but the difference was not significant. However, the number of leaves and leaf weight per plant were higher in the lowland than that of highland. And, in terms of leaf number and yield per 10a, it was also higher in the lowland than that in the highland. The narrower the planting distance was increased yields, and the highest yield was 6,051 kg/10a in 20 x 20㎝. The lowland was high in yield until the third year, but the highland was the highest in the second year and decreased slightly in the third year. The narrower the planting distance in the both areas, the higher the yield, and the leaf size tended to be small.

베트남 북부 네안성 뀌홉지역에서 희토류 원소의 광화작용과 관련된 이상대 확인을 위해 토양 지구화학탐사를 수행하였다. 시료채취 간격은 가로 250 m 13 line (총 4.2 km), 세로 300 m 25 line (총 7.5 km)으로 총 325개의 시료가 채취되었다. 또한, 토양지구화학탐사 결과를 바탕으로 총 희토류 (Total rare-earth oxides, TREO) 함량이 높은 8개 격자점을 대상으로 피트탐사를 수행하여 73개의 토양시료를 채취하였다. 조사지역은 반찌응(Ban Chieng) 흑운모 화강암 복합체가 편암, 편마암, 석회암으로 구성된 부캉(Bu Kang)층을 관입하고 있다. 본 지역의 주요 광화작용은 주석, 루비, 그리고 화강암 복합체의 주변부 변질대에 분포하고 있는 것으로 사료되는 함희토류 모나자이트(Monazite)와 제노타임(Xenotime)의 산출이 특징적이다. 채취한 토양시료의 ICP-MS 분석 결과, 총 희토류 평균 함량은 지각의 총 희토류 함량(248 ppm)보다 평균 약 1.4배 높게 나타났다. 한편, 경희토류의 평균 함량은 44.6 ppm으로서 지각 평균(200 ppm)보다 결핍되어 있고, 중희토류는 평균 함량(44 ppm)이 지각평균(26 ppm)의 약 1.5배 부화되어있다. 피트탐사에서 채취한 토양시료에 대한 희토류원소의 화학성분 분석 결과, 6개의 피트에서 총 희토류 함량(TREO)이 1,000 ppm 이상의 값이 확인되었다. 이는 뀌차우(Quy Chau)지역의 탐사 및 분석 결과와 비교해보면, 북동-남서 방향으로 희토류 이상대가 발달하고 있는 것으로 사료된다.

This study is conducted to propose urban park utilization and master plan in rural areas. Urban parks designed for the rural areas can be divided into three types: a themed type for rural tourism, a community type for hub regenerations and a waterfront type for using agricultural reservoirs. To use the themes and characteristics of ruralness, these types are required a multi-layered spatial structure. And ecological, cultural and economic networks of local tourism resources have to be integrated by utilizing agricultural reservoirs. Therefore, urban parks in rural areas can be defined as a part of the public benefit project aiming to revitalize the local economy. Also, urban parks are necessary to use attractions and amenities in rural areas. Based on theoretical backgrounds, this study proposed two sustainable master plans as the tourism resource development project for Baelyeonje, Gulye-gun. For ecological and cultural sustainability, this study proposed the environment restoration plan which reinforces the scenic resource of Nogodan in Mt. Jiri by developing the underdevelopment plan with consideration of the local landscape characteristics and resources. For economic sustainability, building the Mt. Jiri tourism complex and economic communities are needed to promote investments for securing mutual economic benefits. To achieve the sustainability, further studies related to the social equity and investment of private capital in rural areas are needed.

진주 월아산의 法輪寺와 靑谷寺는 寺格에서 조선 초기에 법륜사가 우월했으나 조선 중기에 접어들면서 차츰 변화가 일어나 청곡사가 우위에 서게 되었다. 이러한 변화의 주요한 요인은 사족들과의 인적 네트 워크에서 찾을 수 있다. 특히 牧隱 李穡과 愼齋 周世鵬 등은 조선 중기 진주지역 사족들의 청곡사에 대한 긍정적 인식, 청곡사의 사격 변화와 사세 유지·확장에 적지 않은 영향을 끼쳤던 인물이다. 청곡사의 사격이 높아지자 16세기 중반에 이르러 진주지역의 사족들도 그곳을 유람과 독서의 장소로서 자주 찾거나 머무는 장소로 삼았다. 이로써 청곡사는 지역 사족들의 다양한 경험이 매개된 장소로서 의미를 갖기 시작했다. 이들은 남명학파로 분류되는 지역의 이름난 사족 가문 출신이었다. 이는 1592년 10월 왜군에 의해 燒盡된 청곡사의 중창 불사가 비교적 빠른 1601년 겨울부터 시작될 수 있었던 사회·문화적 배경이었다. 浮査 成汝信과 鳳岡 趙㻩은 17세기 전반에 이루어진 청곡사의 중창 불사를 重建 記文으로 남겼다. 이는 청곡사 역사에서 남아 전하는 첫 문헌적 근거라는 점에서 의미가 적지 않다. 성여신의 ｢靑谷寺重建記｣ 와 조겸의 ｢靑谷僧堂記｣에 의하면 청곡사의 중창 불사는 1601년 겨울부터 시작되어 1624년에 1차, 1644년에 2차에 걸쳐 모두 70여 칸 이상의 전각이 완성되었으며, 이 절의 승려 性侃, 戒行, 克明, 道引, 宗修, 惠嚴 등이 주도하였다. 또 두 기문에는 청곡사의 寺勢를 엿볼 수 있는 내용이 구체적으로 나온다. 이러한 청곡사 중창의 시기에 진주지역 남명학파는 정치적 격변을 겪었다. 특히 서인정변 이후 진주지역 사족 집단은 정치적 측면에서 정체성의 혼란을 겪었다. 이 같은 때 성여신 등은 정치적 불안과 혼란에 대응하여 自靖하고 뒤이어 그들은 청곡사를 은거의 장소로 삼았다. 이는 1602년 이후 청곡사의 중창 불사로 인한 寺格과 寺勢의 변화가 초래한 공간적 요인만이 아니라 정치적 오해를 불식시킬 필요성과 무관하지 않다고 본다.

This study aims to offer base line data for efficient conflicts control measures by first, analyzing the current situation of the regional comprehensive development project and second, identifying level, type and cause of the conflicts appeared during the development business promotion. For this purpose, theoretical side of this study establishes a basic frame by reviewing the existing researches in order to analyze the characteristics of the conflicts between the participation subjects in the development business, and the empirical side conducts survey and analysis on the awareness on these conflicts. As a result of the analysis, the survey revealed the followings. First, the respondents were aware of the overall promotions of the business quite positively, second, the conflicts were considered as a major obstacle against the development project promotion just as the other negative factors, third, majority of the responses on the seriousness of the conflicts were neutral which meant that the conflicts could be deepened by situations, fourth, most respondents had positive recognition on the needs of conflict control training and its effectiveness, and last but not least, most respondents of the survey revealed their intentions to take parts in trouble shooting from the conflicts. Based on the results above, we were able to extract several elements to consider preparing the countermeasures for the conflicts. First, specific plan should be arranged and institutionalized in order to control the conflicts between the residents at the initial stage of the development business or even before. Second, the specific plan must lower its threshold for easy participation of the residents in that region and make the residents main body of the conflict control. Third, enhanced conflict control education must be provided to the residents of the region where comprehensive development plan is in progress or being prepared.

본 연구의 목적은 한국의 지역별 연평균 강우침식인자 값을 갱신하기 위한 것이다. 2012년 환경부는 표토의 침식 현황조사에 관한 고시를 공포하면서 전국 규모의 토양침식량을 추정하기 위한 모델로서 범용토양유실공식 모델을 채택한 바 있다. 이 고시에는 범용토양유실공식을 적용하기 위해 필요한, 158개 지점에 대한 지역별 강우침식인자가 포함되어 있으나, 이 값은 1997년 이전에 만들어진 데이터를 바탕으로 하고 있기에 개선될 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 우리나라 전국 단위의 연평균 강우침식인자 데이터를 수집하고 분류, 통합하여 분석에 사용하였다. 연구결과 1961~2015 년 기간의 54개 지점에 대한 연평균 강우침식인자를 재산정하였으며 새로운 등강우침식도를 제시하였다. 또한 실무에서 활용이 용이하도록 국내 167개 시 ․ 군별 연평균 강우침식인자 데이터를 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 값은 표토침식량을 예측하기 위한 업데이트된 강우침식인자로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

설계홍수량 산정은 일반적으로 수자원설계 목적을 위해 요구되며 수자원 관련 계획, 안정성 그리고 수공구조물의 위험도를 평가하기 위해 추정된다. 그러나 설계목적을 위한 국내의 유량자료는 매우 제한적이며, 강우자료와 비교해 봤을 때 상대적으로 관측년수가 상당히 적은 실정이다. 이러한 점에서 본 연구에서는 기 수립된 하천의 재현기간에 따른 설계홍수량 및 유역특성인자(면적, 유역경사)로부터, 설계홍수량을 멱함수 형태로 지역화하여 미계측 유역에서 설계홍수량 산정이 가능한 모형을 개발하였다. 제안된 설계홍수량 지역화 모형의 매개변수 산정과 불확실성을 정량적으로 평가하기 위해 계층적 Bayesian 모형을 활용하였으며, 최종적으로 교차검증 관점에서 모형의 적합성을 검정하였다. 모형 적용 결과, 기존 면적기반의 홍수량 산정식에 비해 약 0.3 이상 높은 상관성을 가지며 홍수량을 추정하는 결과를 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 제안된 모형은 검증과 정과 도출된 결과를 통해 유역특성에 따른 재현기간별 설계홍수량을 효과적으로 재현하는데 유리할 뿐만 아니라, 동시에 모형의 매개변수 및 결과에 대한 불확실성 정보를 제공함으로써 미계측 유역의 홍수량을 평가하는 기초자료로써 활용 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

기후변화와 기후변화 외적인 요인으로 인해 지하수자원은 고갈되어가고 있다. 지하수자원의 효율적인 관리를 위해 유역 단위의 지하수자원 관리 취약시기 평가 방법을 개발하였다. 유역 단위의 취약시기 평가는 취약 지역 평가와 소유역에 대한 취약시기 평가를 독립적으로 진행하여 각각의 지수를 산정하였다. 취약 지역 평가 지수를 표준화하여 독립적으로 진행한 취약시기 평가 지수에 적용하여 유역 단위의 취약시기 평가 방법을 개발하였으며, 개발한 방법을 낙동강 상류 지역인 봉화군, 안동시, 예천군, 문경시, 상주시에 적용하였다. 그 결과 상주의 8월이 0.278로 가장 취약한 것으로 나타났으며, 안동시는 1년 중 8개월간 5개 지역 중 지하수자원 관리에 취약한 것으로 나타났다. 개발된 방법을 이용하여 지하수자원의 시공간을 고려한 효율적인 관리방안을 모색할 수 있을 것이다.

다변량 빈도해석과 지역빈도해석의 장점을 동시에 가지는 다변량 지역빈도해석은 다양한 변수를 고려함으로써 수문 현상에 대하여 많은 정보를 얻을 수 있고 많은 가용 자료 수로 인하여 높은 정확도의 분석결과를 도출할 수 있다. 현재까지는 우리나라의 강우 자료를 이용하여 다변량 지역빈도해석이 시도된 적이 없어 국내의 강우 자료를 대상으로 다변량 지역빈도해석의 적용성을 검토할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 다변량 지역빈도해석의 매개변수 추정, 최적 분포형 선정, 확률수문량 성장곡선 추정 등에 집중하여 이변량 수문자료인 연 최대 강우량-지속기간 자료에 대하여 이변 량 지역빈도해석의 적용성을 평가하였다. 기상청 71개 지점에 대하여 분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구를 통해 적용된 지역강우자료의 최적 copula 모형으로는 Frank와 Gumbel copula 모형이 선택되었고 주변분포형에 대해서는 지역별로 Gumbel과 대수정규분포와 같은 다양한 분포형이 최적 분포형으로 선택되었다. 상대제곱근오차(relative root mean square error)를 기준으로 지역빈도해석이 지점빈도해석보다 안정적이고 정확한 확률수문량 곡선 추정을 하였다. 이변량 강우분석에서 지역빈도해석을 적용하면 안정적인 수공구조물 설계기준 제시와 강우-지속기간 관계를 모형화 할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.