The purpose of this study was to provide basic information regarding desirable body image recognition by examining body image recognition 395 middle school students in the Chungnam area. The average age of the subjects was 13.7 years for boys and 12.6 for girls. Their average height and weight were 165.4 ㎝ and 57.1 ㎏ for boys, and 155.7 ㎝ and 48.8 ㎏ for girls. As for body shape, girls thought that they were overweight more often and wanted to lose weight compared to the boys. Over half of the respondents answered that their weight control efforts were not systematic such ad via professional counseling. Weight control by students was attempted by themselves in order to control their weight by skipping meals. Further, the subjects exhibit dietary behavioral problems such as overeating, skipping meals, unbalanced diet, and eating speed. In conclusion, correct body image recognition is needed and families and schools should make efforts to help students properly control their weight and adopt proper eating habits.

한우(韓牛, Korean Cattle, Bos taurus coreanae)는 모색에 따라 황소, 칡소, 흑소로 나 누어지고 있다. 칡소는 현재 1,700여두가 전국에 사육되고 있는 것으로 추정하고 있다. 그러나 종모우로 활용 가능한 수소의 숫자가 매우 적어 근친의 위험도가 높다. 본 연구 에서는 우량 칡소를 선발하기 위하여 성장단계별 체형을 측정하고, 12개월 및 30개월 령 에 신선정액과 동결융해 정액의 활력을 비교하였다. 칡소의 발육단계별 체형은 체고, 흉위, 십자부고, 체장, 흉심, 흉폭, 고장, 요각폭, 곤폭, 좌골폭을 각각 6개월, 12개월, 18개월, 24개월 및 36개월 이상으로 구분하여 측정하였다. 정액 채취는 인공질을 이용하여 채취하였고, 정액동결용 완충액은 Triladyl를 이용하였다. 칡소 수소의 성장단계별 체형을 조사한 결과, 12개월령 흉위, 체고, 십자부고, 체장, 흉 심, 흉폭, 고장, 요각폭, 곤폭 및 좌골폭이 각각 평균 156.0 cm, 113.2 cm, 118.6 cm, 122.6 cm, 59.5 cm, 31.7 cm, 43.0 cm, 34.7 cm, 36.6 cm 및 19.8 cm였고, 30개월령에 는 각각 평균 214.8 cm, 140.5 cm, 140.5 cm, 179.3 cm, 83.2 cm, 48.6 cm, 62.3 cm, 53.9 cm, 51.0 cm 및 34.7 cm로 조사되었다. 칡소 육성우의 모색을 조사한 결과, 전체 호반 무늬를 가진 개체는 9.6%, 부분 호반 무늬는 59.0%, 호반 무늬 없이 갈색인 개체는 20.5% 그리고 흑색인 개체는 10.8%였다. 15개월령 칡소와 30개월령 칡소의 신선 및 동 결융해 정액의 활력을 조사한 결과, 15개월령 수소의 정액량이 평균 2.3ml로서, 30개월 수소의 정액량의 평균 5.0ml로서 유의차가 인정되었다(p<0.05). 채정 직후의 신선정자의 생존율은 15개월 및 30개월 수소가 각각 평균 93.7% 및 88.3%, 운동성은 각각 97.0% 및 88.3%로서 운동성은 15개월령이 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 한편 동결융해 정자의 생 존율은 각각 평균 56.0% 및 58.0%였고, 운동성은 각각 평균 64.0% 및 70.7%로서 차이 가 없었다. 본 연구를 통하여 칡소의 동결정액 생산을 위한 체형이 우수한 개체의 선발이 가능하 였으나, 대량 증식을 위한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

The purpose of this research was to study food behaviors and nutrient intakes according to body mass index(BMI) and body image recognition in 211 female university students in Incheon. The majority of the surveyed subjects were in the normal range for BMI. Most of these female university students preferred a thin body type and were not satisfied with their body shapes. Most also controlled their body weight for appearance by exercising and limiting food intake. The obese group often ate processed foods(p<0.01) and ate out(p<0.05). The underweight group and normal-weight group took vitamins and supplements more frequently(p<0.001). Those students who recognized their body image as a ``fat shape`` had good appetites(p<0.05) and those who recognized themselves as ``normal shape`` considered food formulations ate every meal (p<0.05) and consumed vitamins and other supplements frequently(p<0.01). The mean calorie intake of all students was about 80% of the recommend amount, so there was a risk of lack of various nutrients. The ``fat`` students by body image recognition had lower calorie intakes in order to reduce body weight. In all the groups, there was a lack of vitamins B1 and B2, as well as the minerals Ca and Fe. Therefore, education on correct body image recognition and training on proper weight control are deemed necessary. In addition, education and counseling on nutrition that are tailored to individual status are needed.

This study aimed to find the differences in weight control status and eating behavior of satisfied and dissatisfied female high school students regarding their own body shape. The participants consisted of 238 students at two female high schools in Nonsan-si, Chungnam-do in May of 2008. Self-assessment evaluated present body shape and ideal body shape they would like to have by providing silhouette drawings. The subjects were divided into two groups, 'satisfied' and 'dissatisfied', according to the differences between present body shape and ideal body shape. In the distribution of subjects according to body mass index, 100% of overweight, 97.0% of normal weight and 48.7% of underweight belonged to the dissatisfied group. There were significant differences in weight control and eating behavior between dissatisfied and satisfied groups in terms of frequency and reasons of conducting weight control behavior, body weight return after weight reduction, skipping breakfast and consuming fast food. The satisfied group was two times more likely to not conduct weight control behaviors compared to the dissatisfied group. The main reason for trying to control weight differed according to the group; the reason was feeling fat in the dissatisfied group and desiring to be healthy in the satisfied group. The percentage of subjects that returned to their original weights after weight reduction was 5 times higher in the dissatisfied group. The percentages of subjects that regularly skip breakfast and consume fast food were both higher in the dissatisfied group than in the satisfied group. The dissatisfied group responded 'eating alone' more frequently among nine binge eating behaviors compared to the satisfied group. Both groups, however, did not show any difference in overeating of meals, eating speed, intake frequency of regular meals, food preference, preferred cooking method, carbonated beverage intake and snack eating behavior. In summary, the dissatisfied group tried more unnecessary body weight reduction and had poor eating behavior. Accordingly, to correct the biased perception of body shape by the majority of female high school students, the values of our society should change toward the pursuit of beauty of health.

The purpose of this study was to provide basic informations for educating juveniles on desirable body image recognition by examining their body image recognition and comparing and finding problems according togender and body mass index (BMI) in middle school students. The average age of the subjects was 15, their average height was 162.5㎝, their average weight was 53.5㎏, and their average BMI was 20.1㎏/㎡. Male students wanted togain weight and female students wanted to lose weight. As for body shape, female students thought that they were fat more often than male students. Also the more overweight the students were, the higher their concerns and experiences toward weight control. Among weight control methods, exercise scored highest in all BMI groups. Over 80% of the respondents answered that their weight control effort were not systematic such as via professional counseling. As for the frequency of eating breakfast and dinner in female students, the more a student was overweight, the lower their frequency of eating breakfast and dinner. Many respondents answered that a typical meal time was ``10∼20 minutes``. The average eating habit score for all subjects was 38.0. The eating habit scores of male students were significantly higher than those of female students, and there were no significant differences among BMI groups. Eating habit score of ``I have more than two meals with rice everyday`` in female overweight group was significantly higher than those of other two groups. These results indicate that the female students` degree of preference for a slim body shape were higher than those of male students. In addition, weight control by students is not systematic through professional counseling; instead they attempt to control their weight by themselves such as a meal skip, which lead to potential danger that they may lose weight carelessly. Therefore, correct body image recognition is greatly needed, and families and schools should make ceaseless efforts to help students properly control their weight and have correct eating attitudes.

As a preliminary research of body characteristics analysis of Korean obese woman, this study aims to select optimal obesity judgment tools for reliable sampling of obese subjects from 2,425 female measurement data out of 2004 Size Korea project’s raw data. From previous researches related to obesity, 7 obesity judgment tools were chosen. 2007 obesity rate(26.3%) of Korean female adults was refered in selecting optimal obesity judgment criteria in the study. The results are as follows. Firstly, it was verified that BMI was the most suitable in judging and sampling the obese subjects by the percentile analysis. Röhrer index was also reliable in grouping the obese subjects from a population. Secondly, it was concluded that the obesity ratios of relative weight 120 and higher group, Röhrer index 1.6 and higher group and waist girth 80cm and higher group were the most similar to obesity rate of Korean female adults by 2007 National Health & Nutrition Survey. Thirdly, 30 direct measurements, age, 2 drop values and 6 ratios of 7 groups by the obesity judgment tools showed the significance each other at p<0.001 level. On the other hand, “bust point to bust point” and “waist to hip length” measurements didn’t show the significant differences among 7 groups. Conclusively, 4 to 5 satisfactions out of 7 obesity judgment criteria were adequate and sufficient in sampling the obese subjects. If it is needed the strict criteria for judging the obesity, 5 satisfactions and higher group will be the best choice as the obese subjects. However 4 satisfactions and higher group generally, will be adequate for sampling of the obese subjects.

The purpose of this study is to classify body shapes of aged women by using 3D body scan data. For the body shape analysis and classification, 3D body scan data of 270 aged women were used, and 16 main measurements consisting of a human body were used to conduct factor analysis, cluster analysis and discriminant analysis. The analysis were performed on all ‘the method using the absolute value’, ‘the method using index of height and weight’, and ‘the method using index of height,’ and according to the classification results, the method which categorizes body shapes best in terms of their shapes was adopted. As the factor analysis result using the numerical value of height to categorize the body shapes of the aged women, factor 1 was the thickness and width for the height, factor 2 was the height of the upper part of the body for the height, factor 3 was the height of hips for the height, and factor 4 was the height of belly for the height. When the body shapes were categorized with the deducted factors as variables, they were divided into two types. Type 1 was a short and fat body shape(▅ type) and 55.6% of the subjects were of this type. Type 2 was for the body shape whose vertical height, including weight, was long but all kinds of width and thickness were small, that is, tall and thin body shape(▋ type), and 44.4% of the aged women were in this case.

This study is to classify the shape of the body by means of the drop value of the middle-age women. Drop value is based on the circumstances of the body deciding the dimentions of the clothes. Therefore, the study based on the drop value seems to decided the measurement of the clothes in making mass production of ready made clothes. In order to put measure items on this study of the value on 'The fifth survey of body measure of Korean', select 785 people in middle-aged women aged from 40 to 59. And considering the characteristic of upper-drop and lower-drop, and swelling belly by accumulated fat, selected five items(Bust Circumstance - Waist Circumstance, Hip Circumstance - Waist Circumstance, Hip Circumstance - Bust Circumstance, Waist Circumstance(Omphalion) - Waist Circumstance, Hip Circumstance - Waist Circumstance(Omphalion)). The result of the study is summarized as follows. Type 1, M type of the body showed the distribution of 32.5% and belonged to low body development style. The line of human body is the nearest of the four bodies in middle-age woman out of whole shapes of 4 types and the line of human body is close to middle-age woman. Type 2, X type of the body showed the distribution of 40.8% and the line of human body remarkably showed. Type 3, H type of the body showed the distribution of 12.4% and the line of human body appears least. This group was larger than any other group in having more fat in the belly above the circumstance of the hip than other groups. Type 4, Y type of the body showed the distribution of 14.4%. This type was upper half of body development style, waist was slender, and there was seldom the bend around the circumstance of belly and hip.

The growth of the middle school girls show big difference among the individuals and the development of each area of the body is not uniformed but diverse which could be understood as the period that the problems on the fit of the clothes occur extensively. Therefore, in this study, the somatotype of the middle school girls are intended to be categorized for the highly applicable clothes design. For this, the 3 middle schools in Jeonju were selected for anthropometric measurement of 324 middle schools. The items of measurement are related to the somatotype of middle school girls, clothes design which is consisted of total of 50 items. For the basic data of clothes was judged that the classification of somatotype related to the tops and bottoms would be rational; hence, it is classified into the upper part and lower part of the body to extract the body shape consistent factor. As a result of analyzing the factors, the upper body consistent was extracted as the 4 items: upper body circumference, upper body length, breast growth and arm length. It was displayed as 75.26% explicability. The lower body consistent factors are extracted as lower body height, lower body circumference, hip length, and rear shape with 78.62% explicability. To classify the somatotype of upper body and lower body, each factor score is made into the independent viable for group analysis. As a result, the upper body was classified into the 'upper body with small breast and long' and 'upper body with big breast'. The lower body was categorized as 'lower body with long hip length' and 'standard lower body'.

Withsuffering financial crisis in 1997, Korea's fashion market has grown in the direction that satisfies the reasonable price and diverse consumer's sensitivity and needs. The aim of this study is to examine whether the cutting portion in the waist line is surely necessary for designing the jacket pattern in men's wear, by closely examining the effects of the cutting portion in the waist line on the external appearance and functionality given designing the jacket pattern in men's wear for the standard body type in 20s. The results of the study are as follows. As a result of evaluating the external appearance, when having evaluated by dividing into 14 items such as the whole surface, the side, and the back side, the experimental clothing, which wasn't cut the waist line, obtained the highest mark in 13 items and, the significant difference was indicated in 10 items except 4 items. As a result of evaluating performance, the experimental clothing, which wasn't cut the waist line, obtained the highest mark in 13 items among 25 items in the total. Next, the cutting portion in the waist line obtained the highest mark in 10 items for the experimental clothing with opening in 1.0cm. The next was indicated to be in order of the experimental clothing with 1.5cm and the experimental clothing with 0.5cm. Given seeing the above result, the cutting portion in the waist line given designing the jacket pattern for the standard body type in 20s could be known that the experimental clothing with the most excellent mark in the evaluation of performance was all the experimental clothing with 0.0cm whose waist line wasn't cut.

The purpose of this study was specifically focused on the lower garment sizing system of adolescent apparel, especially on trousers for adolescent boys. Research Method was performed by using the physical measurements of adolescent boys (14～19 years old, n=1,344) based on the ‘he fifth Korean national physical standard reports’ surveyed by SIZEKOREA. The basic materials for this study are obtained from the observations of physical characteristics and classification of physical figures based on the characteristics from waist down. The results from this study are as follows. 1) according to the analyses of physical changes, most items including height, circumference, length, breadth and depth were increased at the age of 14～18 and gradually reduced at the age of 19. 2) The factors which compose the lower body resulted were appeared that the first factor was vertical factor, the second factor was horizontal factor, the third factor was hip length, and the last factor was buttlock-popliteal length. 3) Formalization of physical figures for adolescent boy's lower body analyzed from factors grouped three types. 4) The basic parts that we used to propose the apparel sizing system distinguished by physical figures were Waist Circumference (Omphalion) (every 3cm regular gap) and Hip Circumference (irregular gap). Physical figures assigned 5 to Type T, and 4 to type M. The reference measurement items were divided into 7 items which are correlated with apparel manufacture.

The study analyzed the body shape perception, weight control attitude, nutrition knowledge, and dietary habits of 529 high school students in Jeju surveyed from January 14-18, 2008 according to students' body shape satisfaction, with the aim of providing basic nutritional education data to aid in appropriate weight control for high school students. The data were analyzed by descriptive analysis, T-test, Chi-square test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficients, using the SPSS Win 12.0 program. The body mass index (BMI) of subjects was in the normal range. With regard to weight distribution, 59.4% of subjects showed normal weight and girls were significantly more underweight than boys. More girls considered themselves to be fatter than boys and tended to be increasingly dissatisfied with their body shape. Both boys and girls were more interested in weight control for obesity and were significantly less satisfied with their body shape. Efforts at weight control and reduction had occurred significantly more often for girls than for boys. Dietary attitude scores were significantly higher in girls than boys. BMI positively correlated to weight control concern and nutrition knowledge positively correlated to dietary attitude. BMI negatively correlated to the body shape satisfaction, which in turn negatively correlated to food ingestion disorders. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a systematic nutrition educational program that can induce changes in dietary behavior and increase accurate perception and satisfaction of body shape.

Somatotype is a very important factor for the comfortable and safe work environments. Many researches are trying to find the characteristics of somatotype according to age. Thus, the main objective of this study is to analyze somatotype of male residents in Seoul. The data used in this study included 267 men subjects who are living in Seoul. In order to analyze a detailed somatotype of citizens, age groups are divided into six groups. In order to compare and analyze data, Coefficient of Variance, Cronbach's Alpha, Rohrer Index and Drop Value were used in this study. The results of this study can be applied to the comfortable and safe work environments for workers.