2000년도 이후로 많은 분자 연구 논문들이 육각강에서 진행되었으며, 그 결과 방대한 양의 미토콘드리아 유전자 염기서열이 생산되었다. 본 연구에서는 2000년도부터 2009년까지 육각강에 보고된 COI 염기서열과 이들을 활용한 분자 연구 논문들을 분석하기 위하여, 58,323개의 COI 염기서열들을 바탕으로 보고된 488개의 분자 연구 논문들을 26개 목들과 사용된 COI 염기서열들의 5', 3', 중간 위치에 따라 재분류하였다. 세 지역의 COI 염기서열을 이용한 연구 논문의 수는 26개 목들에 따라 매우 다양하였다. 하지만, 7개 목들은 특정 지역의 COI 염기서열들이 선호되었음을 나타내었다. 예를 들어, 파리목과 메뚜기목에서는 5' 지역의 COI 염기서열을 사용하는 논문의 수가 가장 높았으며, 이에 반해 딱정벌레, 이목, 잠자리목, 더듬이벌레목, 대벌레목에서는 3' 지역의 COI 염기서열을 사용하는 논문의 수가 가장 높았다. 2000년 이전에 보고된 84개의 분자 연구 논문들과의 비교를 통해, 2000년부터 2009년까지 딱정벌레목, 파리목, 이목, 대벌레목에서는 1999년 이전에 각 목들에서 주로 사용되었던 COI 염기서열의 특정 지역과 같은 지역을 사용하는 경향성을 보여주었다. 본 연구는 육각강에서 2000년에서 2009년까지 보고되었던 분자 연구 논문 뿐만 아니라 이들 논문에서 사용된 COI 염기서열에 대한 전체적인 경향을 이해하는데 유용한 정보를 제공한다.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) has great potential for causing huge economic loss and was the first disease identified by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) in its official list of free countries and zones. This study examined the governmental expenditures for five FMD epidemics that occurred in the Republic of Korea between 2000 and 2011. The costs of an epidemic ranged from 26 billion Korean won (KRW, approximately 23.6 million US dollars, ) to a maximum of 2,044 billion KRW (US 1.9 billion). For two epidemics in which vaccinations were implemented, the costs were higher than those epidemics without vaccination. The mean cost for an outbreak ranged from 0.5 billion KRW (US 4.5 million) for the 2010/2011 epidemic to 18.2 billion KRW (US 16.5 million) for the 2000 epidemic. Mean costs per infected premises were 7.0 billion KRW for cattle farms (95% CI: 4.72∼9.28), 1.38 billion KRW for pig farms (0.88∼1.87), 0.11 billion KRW for deer farms (0.08∼0.14), and 0.10 billion KRW for goat farms (0.07∼0.13). The highest cost for an outbreak in cattle seemed associated with the number of outbreak cattle farms in two epidemics in which vaccination was implemented.

본 연구는 우리나라에 내습하는 태풍에 의한 피해를 줄이기 위하여 태풍의 경년변화 경향을 살펴 피해에 대비하고자 한다. 태풍의 변화경향을 살펴보기 위하여 태풍의 특성을 1990년대와 2000년대로 나누어 비교·분석하였다 . 태풍의 특성은 경로, 발생 수, 남해안 수온, 풍속, 중심기압, 반경으로 총 6가지의 다양한 요소들을 선정하였다. 각 요소들을 분석한 결과를 토대로 태풍으로 인한 피해를 검토하고 변화 경향을 예상하였다.

서울을 비롯한 수도권 일대는 우리나라 인구의 약 40%가 집중되어 갑작스럽게 닥치는 지진재해에 매우 취약한 곳이다. 역사문헌 분석에 의하면 과거 2000여 년간 서울 지역에서 발생한 피해 지진의 최대 크기는 MMI 진도 VIII-IX로 평가되며, 이들 지진으로 건물의 큰 흔들림, 담장과 성첩의 붕괴, 민가 붕괴, 다수의 사상자가 발생하였다. 서울 지역에서 MM 진도 VIII 이상의 피해지진은 1세기(A.D. 27년, 89년)에 2회 발생하였으며, 약 1430여년의 긴 휴지기 후 16-17세기(1518년, 1613년, 1692년)에 다시 3회 발생하였고, 그 후 현재 까지 휴지기 상태이다. 1518년 서울 지진(진도 VIII-IX)시에는 약 19일에 걸쳐 24회 이상의 여진이 발생하였으며, 서울 인접 지역과 황해도 지역에도 20여 일간에 걸쳐 많은 유발지진을 발생시켰다. 역사문헌에 근거한 서울 지역의 발생 가능한 최대 피해 지진은 진도 VIII-IX 이며 이러한 지진의 발생은 약 1400-1500여년의 긴 간격을 보인다.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristic changes of the Changma season in the 2000s. To accomplish this goal, we have used daily rainfall data collected over nearly 40 years (1971 to 2010). The average summer precipitation data including the Changma season were collected from 16 weather stations that are placed across the three major regions (i.e. central region, southern region, and Jeju region) as Korea Meteorological Administration divided. These precipitation data were analyzed to find out characteristic changes of the Changma season. Results of the precipitation data comparison among the major regions that, monthly average precipitation in the central region was the highest in July; its precipitation tended to increase from May to September. In the southern region, the precipitation amount was lowest in June and tended to increase in May, September, and August. In the Jeju region, the precipitation has been the highest in June and July for the past 30 years, whereas September has been highest month in the last 10 years. The precipitation amount in the Jeju region decreased both in June and July, whereas it tended to grow in May, August and September. A correlation coefficient formula by Karl Pearson has been used to find out correlations between the Changma season and the precipitation of the major regions in 2000s and normal years. It was found that the correlation coefficient has decreased from 0.723 to 0.524 in the 2000s (2001 to 2010) compared to normal years (1971 to 2000).

This paper describes the epidemiological characteristics of bovine tuberculosis in Korea during January 2000 to September 2004, when the incidence of bovine tuberculosis increased markedly: a total of 1,054 herds (4,197 cattle) were confirmed to be infected with Mycobacterium bovis during this period. Based on the record of epidemiological investigation, introduction of purchased cattle (22.9%, 125/545) into a farm was the most frequent transmission route of M. bovis infection. On 31.7% (335/1,054) of the infected farms, recurrent infection occurred more than once before the disease has been eradicated completely. The highest rate of recurrence was detected around 70 days after the initial test of the infected herd, which seems to be related to current regulation on the test of animals that cohabited with those previously diagnosed with infection in farms, rather than to the characteristic of the disease. Although the current eradication program has been effective in controlling the disease in dairy cattle in Korea, control measures more specific to beef cattle may be needed because infection rate in beef cattle continues to increase in recent years.

In traditional taxonomy on the family Cantharidae, color pattern of the body and the structure of the male genitalia have been often used as diagnostic characters in identification of the specific level. However, these characters caused the difficulty in identifying the female in case a species was described only by male specimens or has the several color types among individuals. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the species reality of Asiopodabrus fragiliformis which was often difficult to be identified due to individual variation in color pattern and lack of information of female, through searching for new morphological diagnostic characters as well as DNA barcoding analysis, including their closely relative species from Russia and Japan. The results showed that A. fragiliformis was represented as three clusters strongly supported by high value of boots trap (>99%) and over 3% branch length. The pairwise distances between species of Asiopodabrus were detected larger, ranged from 3.4–9.5%, than the intragroup distance ranged from 0–2.9% indicating presence of a barcoding gap. And then, the three clusters were respectively determined as A. fragiliformis, A. kurvatovi and a new species through the analysis of morphology and COI gene. Therefore, we suggest that the species delineation on polymorphic species and the female specimens of closely resembling species would be more exactly and effectively determined if DNA barcoding and the traditional taxonomy are used as complementary methods for identification.

The advent of various arts and remarkable development of mass media since 1980s accelerate fashion photographs' advancement. The expression of fashion through photographs can represent characteristics of ages, societies, cultures, traits of designers and techniques of photographers. In addition, that is the tool which contains economical role as a product and artistic role as photos. Therefore, this study examines hyprt-reality images in editorial fashion photographs. Hyper-reality means the reproduction which represents the reality of life more actually. Hyper-reality through photographs elevates reality of virtual things and creates the confused situation which haunts the boundary between reality and reproduction. This study classifies the hyper-reality in editorial fashion photographs into three groups by their external traits, ideal reality, collapse of reality, and restoration of reality. First, ideal reality is represented as harmony among fashion, characters, and space, causality of fashion with time and circumstances, positive will, and melting with nature. Second, collapse of reality is expressed as in harmony between fashion and situation, violence, fetishism and symbol of death. Third, restoration of reality is shown as recurrence to nature and images of utopia to express dignity of life.

The purpose of this study is to analyse the research trends and to find a future direction in the area of clothing construction in Korea. The data were included articles on clothing construction published in the five major journals from 2000 through 2008 in Korea. The identified 513 articles were categorized in eight areas: design related clothing construction, study of body types, study of patterns, size of apparel, fitting of clothing, protective clothing and functional clothing, sewing and the others. In the results of examining the percentage of articles on clothing construction among articles published in each journal, the percentage of articles on clothing construction was highest as 21.2% in the Journal of Korean Home Economics and next, 19.3% in the Research Journal of the Costume Culture. As to the percentage of research on clothing construction according to theme, research on protective clothing and functional clothing were largest as 28.2%, and next, research on body types as 18.9%, and research on garment size systems as 10.5%. Research on protective clothing has increased remarkably since 2000, and particularly in 2004 it was so active that it occupied 44.1% of research on clothing construction. Next, with regard to the subjects of research, research with female subjects was more frequent than that with male subjects according to gender, and research with men and women in their twenties was most frequent according to age. These results show somewhat unbalanced tendencies in terms of research subjects.

The aim ofthisstudy istoexaminetheextenttowhich foreign wordsare used in Korean movie titles.Forthis purpose,this study analyzed the titles of Korean movies released in or after 2000 and obtained the frequency with which foreign words are used in Korean movie titles. First,thisstudyclassifiedKoreanmovietitlesonthebasisofthewords used asfollows:native,Chinese,mixed,andforeign.Asaresult,mixed movie titles are the most frequent,followed by Chinese movie titles, native movie titles and foreign movie titles.Especially forthe foreign movie titles, this study also classified them according to their morphologicalstructures,the number of their syllables/words,year of release, and their genres. When the movie titles were sorted by morphologicalstructures,movie titles with word-type were the most frequent, followed by the titles with phrase-type and those with sentence-type.And when the movie titles were sorted based on the numberofsyllables/words,theaveragesyllablenumberwas4.75andthe averageword numberwas1.9.Finally,thisstudy observed thepatterns intheuseofforeignwordsinKoreanmovietitlesandfurtherexamined thetypesofmisusageintermsoftheirKoreanRomanization

This study is to analyze the examples of the modified Youth policy and work in the developed countries (Japan, England and Finland) after 2000 from the point of four parts; Promoting System of Youth Policy, the Categories of Youth, the Goal of Youth policy and work aim. This study also suggest a developing plan for Youth Policy and Work of Korea. In the case of Japan in 2003, the government rearranged the Youth age less than 30-year-old, and it has two main goals of policy; supporting independence and special supporting for the handicapped youth. Ministry of Education Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology has pushed youth experiential activities connected with school education. Also Cabinet Office has focused on supporting independence, youth safety, and international exchange. The government of England announced 'The Children's Plan' in December 2007, and arranged the comprehensive countermeasure to make the welfare state for children. It also changed the Promoting System of Youth Policy and has encouraged the total policy connected with kid, school, and family in the new Department for Children, School and Family. The government of Finland reformed from the Youth Work Act to Youth Act in 2006, and defined the age of Youth less than 29. Also, it made the Youth Policy Development Programme for 5 years and has encouraged mainly supporting independence of youth growth. For advanced Korea society, Youth policy and work has to remake a plan based on sustainable Holistic Flexibility and Stability of Youth Policy and Work. The government will have to make a goal with preparing a basic capacity of life and constructing a safety network. To achieve the above things, first, it should make the total service of education, welfare and health from birth to youth who can become independence. Secondly, it should build the total service system for user. Thirdly, it should make a national standards, and need to propel them systematically.

선박에서 발생하는 진동은 여객의 안락감을 결정하거나 승조원의 근무환경에 미치는 영향이 크므로 매우 중요하다. 선박에서 발생하는 진동은 선박의 속도를 좌우하는 추진방식의 발달과 가장 밀접한 관계가 있다. 이와 갈이 추진력을 발생하기 위하여 선박의 기관실에는 디젤엔진의 연속적인 폭발과정에서 기인하는 강력한 진동이 발생하게 된다. 진동이 인체에 미치는 피해는 생리적인 피해와 심리적인 피해로 발생하게 된다. 진동 환경에 인체가 노출되는 경우, 선내의 진동에 대한 평가는 국제표준화지침인 ISO 6954:2000(E)에 의해 정하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 선박에서 진동이 인체에 미칠 수 있는 영향을 평가하기 위해 ISO 6934:2000(E)에서 규정하는 지침에 의해 선박진동의 영향이 가장 큰 기관실, 기관제어설, 각종선실 및 선교 등에서 발생하는 진동의 크기를 측정 비교하여 평가한다.