This study enrolled enterprise business owners/managers in the U.S. as the subjects to investigate the relationship among four factors: personal motivation, the social expectation of stakeholders, business performance, and their CSR toward the local community. The research results showed that: (1) small enterprise’s perceived expectation from stakeholders has a positive effect on their decision to engage in CSR toward community; (2) their perception of business performance has a positive effect on their decision to engage in CSR toward the community. Based on these research results, public policymakers or relevant units are advised to further achieve the goal of nurturing a flourishing community by increasing awareness of stakeholder’s expectations for small enterprise’s CSR commitment. Also, it is clearly pronounced in this study that regardless of their personal motivation to support the local community, unless financially successful, small businesses are less likely to engage in CSR toward the local community. This result makes a good sense that having a successful business operation is a necessary condition for small enterprises to pay attention to a higher-level value such as CSR toward the local community.

In the ongoing project, the major building technology companies in Finland are joining forces to research and develop a platform based ecosystem in the intelligent building context. From the business perspective, one of the main question is which kind of business model is needed in the future ecosystem. Keywords: smart buildings; platform economy; ecosystem; business model innovations

This paper presents the results of qualitative research based on semi-structured interviews with CEO and Marketing managers among Swiss luxury watchmaking companies. We present the highlights on innovative business models and how it could create competitive advantage creation in the highly competitive Swiss luxury watchmaking industry.

Ecosystem firms have been dominantly implementing knowledge sharing and collaboration between consumer interest groups, business firms and technology platform vendors (Adner, 2016). The ecosystem businesses create new value through business activity arrangements and individual offerings of the shared assets, standards, and interfaces upon a technology platform (Adner, 2006). Face with the highly dynamic and competitive environment, the multisided ecosystem platform firms specifically design mobile app to generate more participation in co-creation of value (Roma & Vasi, 2019). Little research has been dedicated for mobile app developers to understand user’s context-centric and user’s personalistic-centric mobility to formulate diversification or specialization in the cocreation strategic process. Our work focuses on the ecosystem users and customers as focal stakeholders who experiencing the peer-to-peer ecosystem platforms via mobile application could perceive context-centric and personalistic-centric mobility to fit, to make identification, to cocreate value, and to contribute to the ecosystem by their equity.

Professional sport leagues are both commercial products and public products. As China’s sports leagues transition from state-governed properties to a more commercial model, professional sports are facing a crucial turning point on balancing stakeholders pertaining to its commercial/market value and social value. How to develop a sustainable business and management model of professional sports teams, fitting Chinese culture and the calls on free economy, has become a major challenge to scholars, practitioners and entrepreneurs in China’s sport industry. Every organisation has its relationships with many groups ("stakeholders") that affect and are affected by its decisions, which are dynamic in a constantly changing world. Stakeholder theory was developed through concerns regarding the nature of these relationships in terms of both processes and outcomes for both organisation and stakeholders, and the changing nature of the environment.

The general contractor business in South Korea settled in the railway construction during the Daehan Empire, but depending on the construction intention and circumstances of the railroad, relationship among employer-contractor-subcontractor and their roles under the system of the construction process had changed. At the time of laying the Gyeongin and Gyeongbu-rail, the Empire, which had no capital and technology, passed all the power and responsibility of the rail laying to the contractor, who was involved in most of the process. After this, the empire tried to lay Gyeongui-railroad without the help of other countries. Japan prepared for the Russo-Japanese War and decided to construct the railway rapidly, and completed the railway in parallel with direct management work and contract work. From that time on, the general contractor would only do the work. During the construction of railroad in Daehan empire, the general contract business system was established. The ambiguous process was sorted out and divided. At this time, subjects in charge of design and construction has been divided. The internal organization of the project owner and the contractor were organaized and specialized.

This study examines the interactional dynamics revealed through teasing humor in the context of a startup business meeting. Using a quasi-conversation analytic approach to details of talk, as well as ethnographic information concerning the community of practice, this study aims to illuminate the construction of professional identities shown in members' participation in teasing humor. The dataset consists of three video-recorded weekly business meetings of a startup (210 minutes) and a supplementary interview and observation notes. The analyses show that, in this business context, the members' identities (e.g., the CEO, the co-founders versus non-co-founders) were revealed in the dynamics of participation in teasing humor. Teasing humor was also found to contribute to finding creative solutions to challenging issues under discussion. The non-co-founders, in particular, found opportunities to participate in the major business discourse through this teasing. By participating in the teasing segments, they were able to present themselves as legitimate members of the startup. The findings are discussed to highlight the sociolinguistic norms of a professional community in creating a constructive business culture.

Chinese business teaching aims to train the ability of learners in language applying, workplace communicating and inter-culture communicating. By now, however, most of the researchers have focused on the teaching designing or the method improving. Few of the scholars noticed the three “inter” dimensions in business Chinese teaching: interdiscursivity, intersubjectivity and interculturality. In detail, the interdiscursivity means the relationship between the text reading and the context understanding, while the intersubjectivity refers to the relationship between teachers and learners. Moreover, the concept “Interculturality” means the way learners understand the different kinds of culture. The study on those three “inter” dimensions in business Chinese teaching could not only help teachers in method applying in business Chinese teaching, but also provide a more efficient way in reading, writing and understanding.

본 연구는 기존 분양⋅임대혼합아파트와 관련된 연구를 바탕으로 문헌조사를 실시하고, 현황과 문제점, 대책에 대해 논의해보고자 한다. 사회적 혼합이란 주거지 개발의 방향을 다양한 계층의 주민들이 한 장소에서 함께 거주하도록 도모한다는 뜻으로 ‘소셜믹스(Socail Mix)’라고도 불린다. 최근 우리나라에서는 일반 분양아파트와 공공임대아파트를 한 공간에 혼합하여 건설하는 소셜믹스 아파트 단지가 대규모로 지어지고 있다. 사회적 통합에 기여하고자 하는 긍정적 목적에도 불구하고 현재의 소셜믹스 단지는 입주민 간의 갈등과 임대아파트 주민의 사회적 배제현상까지 나타나 진정한 통합을 이루고 있지 못하다. 이러한 상황을 개선하기 위해서는 입주민간의 교류를 강화하고 지역공동체 의식을 함께 갖도록 하는 기회가 많이 마련돼야 할 것이다. 향후 소셜믹스 아파트 단지 거주자를 중심으로 한 질적 연구를 통해 실질적인 대책의 강구가 필요하다.

본 연구는 2016년부터 2019년까지 3년에 걸쳐 수행 된 파라과이 KOPIA 센터의 참깨 시범마을 사업의 경영성과와 투자타당성을 분석하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 시범사업 참여농가는 1,172천~2,928천Gs/ha의 수익이 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 가구 기준으로 산출할 경우 연간 760$ 이상의 소득 증가가 발생하는 것으로 분석되었다. 시범사업 투자의 타당성에 대한 평가지표로 활용된 B/C Ratio는 1.52로 분석되어 경제적 타당성이 있는 것으로 평가되었다. 시범사업에 참여한 농가들의 만족도를 7점 척도로 분석한 결과 시범사업의 전반적인 만족도, 소득증가에 대한 만족도, 수량증가에 대한 만족도 모든 항목에 대해서 만족함, 매우 만족함에 응답하였다. 계속 참여의향 역시 매우 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 종자의 균일성에 대한 만족도가 6.9점으로 가장 높았다. 성공적으로 평가되는 파라과이 KOPIA센터의 참깨 시범마을 사업의 성공요인은 첫째, 적합품목의 선택, 둘째, 현지 적응 신품종의 선발 및 보급, 셋째, 수동파종기, 배무식 분무기, 공동경운을 도입하여 생산성을 향상하고, 노동력을 절감, 넷째, 적정시비량, 윤작체계, 친환경 엽면시비 등의 재배교육을 통해 농약과 비료비는 절감하고, 수확량 증가와 품질향상을 도모한 것 등이다. 특히, 수익성이 떨어지고 있는 목화의 대체품목이며, 생산 증가에도 가격하락 위험이 적은 수출품목인 참깨를 선발한 부분과, 단기간에 이루어지기 어려운 현지적합 품종을 선발했다는 점, 수동파종기와 배무식 분무기, 녹비작물, 지렁이액비 등 저소득 농업인이 지속적으로 수용 가능한 기술이 보급되었다는 점을 높이 평가할 수 있다.

비즈니스 선교의 용어와 개념이 세상에 소개된 지 20년이 되었고, 한국 선교계에 소개된 지 12년이 지났다. 새로운 선교 환경의 패러다임 에 적절히 대응할 수 있는 선교적 접근으로 비즈니스 선교를 구체적으로 고려할 때가 되었다. 이 연구는 다수 사례 연구로서, 힌두권의 한 도시에서 행해진 비즈니스 선교 사례들을 정리하고 분석했다. 이 연구 의 사례들은 모두 소규모의 비즈니스 선교 사례들이다. 이 연구의 사례들에서 발견한 점들은 다음과 같다. 초기 수년의 기간을 사업에 집중했을 때 사업의 매출 증대 뿐 아니라 안정화에 크게 도움을 주었다. 생존기에 시장과 고객에 신속히 적응하려고 노력하면 기업의 생존 가능성이 높아진다. 모든 사례들이 현지인을 주 고객으로 삼았다. 비즈니스 선교사들이 자신의 사역에 대해 전문 지식 없이 막연한 기대를 가지고 있었지만 유사한 지식이나 경험을 가졌고 전문가와 후원자들의 도움을 적극 받아들였다. 선교사들의 비즈니스 선교에 대한 이해에 따라 이들의 사역이 달랐고 사업의 성장도 다르게 나타났다.

전기통신사업법에 따른 통신자료제공제도는 수사기관에 법원의 영장 없이 전기통신사업자에게 이용자의 개인정보를 제공해달라고 요청할 권한을 부여한 제도이다. 이에 대한 수사기관의 권한남용을 통제할 수단이 미비한 가운데 전기통신 사업자는 수사기관의 통신자료 제공요청을 무분별하게 수용해왔고, 이용자들의 개인정보자기결정권과 익명표현의 자유를 비롯한 헌법상 기본권 보호는 뒷전으로 밀려났다. 통신자료제공제도를 둘러싼 갈등은 전기통신사업자의 통신자료제공행위의 위법성 판단기준이 명확하지 않은 데서 기인한다. 이에 전기통신사업자가 수사기관의 통신자료 제공요청에 대해 어떤 심사의무를 부담하는지 밝혀 통신자료제공행위의 불법행위상 위법성 판단기준을 설정하는 것이 이 글의 목적이다. 수사기관의 권한남용에 대한 궁극적 책임은 수사기관에 있으므로 전기통신사업자의 실질적 심사의무에 대해서는 일도양단적 태도를 지양하고 이익형량을 통한 조화를 시도할 필요가 있다. 전기통신사업자의 실질적 심사의무는 대법원 2016. 3. 10. 선고 2012다105482 판결의 취지대로 원칙적으로 부정하는 것이 타당하다. 그러나 개인정보 보호법 시행을 계기로 전기통신사업자는 개인정보 보호법에 따른 이익침해 심사의무를 부담하므로 전기통신사업자는 위 대법원 판결에서 설시한 “수사기관이 통신자료의 제공요청 권한을 남용하여 정보주체 또는 제3자의 이익을 부당하게 침해하는 것임이 객관적으로 명백한 경우와 같은 특별한 사정”이 있는 경우에 한해 예외적으로 실질적 심사의무를 부담한다. 예외적 실질적 심사의무는 수사기관의 권한남용이 객관적으로 명백한 때 한하여 적용되므로 일반적 주의의무 보다 주의수준이 경감되며 수사여건상 이용자의 표현행위 자체가 범죄구성요건에 해당하는 때 한해 인정될 것으로 예상된다.

Emerging technology trends can seem both elusive and ephemeral but some become integral to business and IT strategies and form the backbone of tomorrow’s business model and technology innovation. Companies (and Administrations) must examine the business impact of these trends and adjust business models and operations appropriately or risk losing competitive advantage to those who do. Rather the technology being difficult it is the implementation of it that could be a challenge. We’re working in an environment where volumes and complexity are increasing, but budgets are decreasing. How to sense and act upon a future that remains unclear? It is required to think very differently about the way to conceive and deliver technology services. The technology is the last step of the foresight process. The author aims to provide an answer to the above enquire starting from the identification of technologies and future technological concepts having potentially a significant impact on maritime traffic management and border control systems and the community in the medium to long term, i.e. 5 to 20 years. It is aimed at the idea of capacity building, not simply forecasting. A brief history of Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) followed by some systems engineering considerations are presented in paragraph 1 with connections to technology trends such as intelligent, digital and mesh in the next paragraph. On maritime domain these means, for instance, moving from traditional VTS to Maritime Service Portfolios (MSP) for e-Navigation. Bioinspired technologies forecasts are presented in paragraph 3 with examples of concrete practical use and possible further applications: drones, camera tracking and classification systems and passive as well as cognitive radars. Conclusions and a brief outlook will close the text.

A sharing economy has emerged through today’s trust-building mechanisms, and a sharing economy is called a future economic model through a positive future market prospect. In this context, while the overseas sharing economic business is becoming a global trend, the domestic sharing economic business is busy following the global trend. The purpose of this study is to investigate the development direction of sharing economic business in Korea. First, the sharing economic cases of 50 oversea and domestic businesses were analyzed by time series analysis. Next, a cross-country analysis to analyze the business distribution and KCERN's sharing economic model through sharing economic cube model was conducted. Finally, profit model analysis through business case study and the relationship between the derived factors were investigated. As a result of the analysis, this study found comparative trends between overseas and domestic including differences in cultural and institutional environments and profit models. This study suggested directions for domestic sharing economy business.

Lately, there have been tremendous shifts in the business technology landscape. Advances in cloud technology and mobile applications have enabled businesses and IT users to interact in entirely new ways. One of the most rapidly growing technologies in this sphere is business intelligence, and associated concepts such as big data and data mining. BI is the collection of systems and products that have been implemented in various business practices, but not the information derived from the systems and products. On the other hand, big data has come to mean various things to different people. When comparing big data vs business intelligence, some people use the term big data when referring to the size of data, while others use the term in reference to specific approaches to analytics. As the volume of data grows, businesses will also ask more questions to better understand the data analytics process. As a result, the analysis team will have to keep up with the rising demands on the infrastructure that supports analytics applications brought by these additional requirements. It’s also a good way to ascertain if we have built a valuable analysis system. Thus, Business Intelligence and Big Data technology can be adapted to the business’ changing requirements, if they prove to be highly valuable to business environment.

중ㆍ한 문화교류는 이미 오랫동안 발전한 역사를 가지고 있으며 미래에도 계속 발전할 것이다. 더욱 인터넷 매체의 발전과 폭넓은 응용은 중ㆍ한 문화 교류에 새로운 특징을 드러내고 있다. 그리고 이러한 변화는 새로운 도전을 직면하고 있다. 이번 연구에서는 중ㆍ한 문화교류의 필요성과 함께 현황ㆍ 내용ㆍ형식 그리고 인터넷 매체에 의한 중ㆍ한 문화교류의 새로운 특징과 새로운 도전을 분석하였다. 예를 들면, 인터넷 매체에 의한 중ㆍ한 문화교류의 구체적인 경로를 제시하였다. 이는 중ㆍ한 문화교류의 장기적 발전을 위하며 아울러 이론적 기초를 수립하고자 함이다.