This study was undertaken to access the effects of collection method, room temperature at oocyte recovery and culture media on the oocyte quality, fertilization and cleavage rates of in vitro matured and fertilized oocytes of Korean native goats. Ovaries obtained from a slaughterhouse were transported to the laboratory and were divided into 2 groups. One group of ovaries was maintained at 30 to 35 of the room temperature and another group was remained at 20 to during oocyte recovery. The oocytes were recovered by follicle aspiration, slicing and aspiration+slicing methods from 3 groups of follicles according to size; <2 mm, 2 to 6 mm and >6 mm. The matured oocytes were inseminated with buck epididymal spermatozoa at a concentration of 3~3.510 m1 and fertilization was identified when 2 pronuclei were present in the cytoplasm. Although the recovery rate per ovary obtained by the combination of follicle aspiration + slicing(19.62.2) method was higher than aspiration(11.71.1) and slicing(14.81.8) collection, optimal recovery according to oocyte grades resulted form ovarian slicing compared to aspiration or combined methods(P<0.05). However, no significant differences were found in the mean number(2.51.8; 3.33.3; 2.92.4) and the proportion of favorable oocytes(Grades I, II and III) recovered(31.6%, 36.0%, 36.4%,) according to follicle size(<2 mm; 2 to 6 mm; >6 mm). Fertilization rate was 60.0%, 67.7%, 70.6% and 56.4% and the proportion of embryos/zygotes was 11.1%, 7.1%, 5.0% and 2.8% in 20~/BO, 30~35/BO, 20~/TALP and 30~35 /groups, respectively.

자연열(태양열)을 효율적으로 이용하기위해 1999년부터 2000년 까지 2년간 상면적이 100m2인 3동의 유리온실에 각기 다른 집열시스템을 설치하였다. 즉, 집열면적과 경사도가 각각 24m2, 50˚로서 현재 시판되고 있는 태양열 집열기(평판형, Solar hart Inc.)를 이용하는 방법, 직경과 송풍량이 각각 1m, 2.5m-3.m-2 .min로서 라디에이터가 부착된 2개의 유동팬을 천장부에 설치하고 천창을 밀폐한 후 온실상부의 열을 집열하는 방법, 온실의 중도리 전부를 물이 순환되는 각관 (75x45x3t, 1m 간격x10줄x온실길이 12m=120m)으로 설치하여 집열하는 방법 등으로 하였다. 각 동마다 지하에 26톤의 저수 능력을 갖는 D2000xW1500xL8600의 축열조를 설치한 후 중간을 막아 저온수조와 고온수조로 구분하였고, 수조 중간 1.5m 높이에 통수로를 내어 일정량의 물(약 15톤)이 지속적으로 순화될 수 있도록 하였다. 최저기온 9℃로 설정하여 1,000m2를 공간 난방할 경우 난방연료 절감율은 태양열 집열기, 유동팬 및 각관에서 각각 7%, 19%, 28%로 나타났다. 태양열 집열기를 이용하는 대부분의 농가에서는 40~50m2 정도의 집열면적을 갖는 집열기를 이용하고 있는데 이 경우 년간 난방연료 절감율은 14% 정도로서 경제성이 없으며, 유동팬도 집열효율에 비해 제작, 설치 및 유지비가 과다하게 소요되므로 경제성이 없다. 각관의 경우 관 자체의 자재비나 설치비에 추가부담이 적으면서 집열효율이 비교적 높기 때문에 관의 부식, 골조 표면적 증가에 의한 시설내 차광 증가, 중도리의 각형 구조로 인한 강도저하 등의 문제가 해결되면 집열 방법으로 고려될 수 있을 것이다.

1904년 Herz에 의해 한반도에서 보고된 밤나방과 종들을 재정리하고, 수정한 학명의 종목록을 보고한다. 또한 그에 의해 오동정으로 발표되었던 종들에 대해 설명과 함께 재동정 결과를 정리하였으며, 일부 종의 모식표본 정리와 함께 종에 대한 Lectotype을 설정하였다. 두 종, striata Herz 와coreana Herz을 각각 Coryta grisea Leech와 Apopestes indica Moore의 synonym으로 정리하고, 몇몇 주요 종에 대해 성충으 사진과 수컷생식기를 도해하였다.

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of superovulation treatments on ovarian responses, oocyte recovery rates and grades of collected oocytes using an ultrasound-guided transvaginal approach in Korean native cows. Superovulation in cows was induced with two different regimenes: 1) FSH-decreasing dose(n=8): the cows were received twice per day for three days of the total dose of 400 mg of FSH-p, 2) FSH-single dose(n=9): the cows were administrated a single dose of 400 mg of FSH-p in 25% PVP. The Observation of visible follicles and collection of oocytes were performed 12 hours following the last FSH in FSH-decreasing dose group and 48 hours after the FSH-single dose injection. All visible follicles larger than 6 mm were punctured and aspirated with a 6.5 MHz convex-array ultrasound transducer designed for intravaginal use. The mean number of visible follicles(> 6 mm) was significantly(P<0.05) higher in the FSH-decreasing dose treatment (22.811.9) and FSH-single dose treatment (20.612.0) groups than the non-treatment group(7.08). The mean recovery rate of oocytes was not significantly(P<0.05) different between the treatment and control groups, but the mean number of collected oocytes was significantly(P<0.05) higher in the FSH-decreasing dose treatment( 12.611.5) and FSH-single dose treatment (11.813.6) groups than the non-treatment group(3.70.5). In conclusion, the FSH-single dose treatment at superovulation in cows for ultrasound-guided aspiration might increase the number of aspiratable follicles and the recovery rate of follicular oocytes as the FSH-decreasing dose treatment.

This experiment was carried out to study the behavior of the estrus cycle in sows shortened uterine horns and to see whether the embryos could be recovered nonsurgically. The uteri of sows(n=4) were surgically shortened. It took about 3 hours to surgically remove the middle section of both uterine horns. The lengths of the shortened uterine horns were 18.7 to 29.5cm. After treatment, two sows exhibited natural estrus and the intevals from surgery to estrus were 8 days and 15 days, respectively. But the sows were not successful on synchronization and superovulation with PMSG and PGF. In the resurgery for confirmative examination, the sows had 6 and 7 corpus lutelin in ovaries, respectively. One sow had a small adhesion between the infundibulum and ovary, and the other sow had unilateral uterine obstruction at the sutured position and purulent materials in the uterus.

경북지방일대(慶北地方一帶)에 자생(自生)하는 산야초(山野草) 중(中) 목초자원(牧草資源)으로서의 활용가치(活用價値)가 높은 자원(資源)을 수집(蒐集)하였다. 수집(蒐集)된 목초자원(牧草資源)은 본(本) 대학(大學) 포장(圃場)에 재배(栽培)하여 각각의 특성(特性)을 조사(調査), 기록(記錄)하였다. 수집자원(蒐集資源)의 종자(種子)는 정선(精選), 선별(選別) 한 후(後), 천립중(千粒重)을 측정(測定)하고 포장(包裝)하여 냉장고(冷藏庫)에 보관(保管)하였다. 수집(蒐集) 및 특성조사(特性調査)된 수집자원(蒐集資源)은 다음과 같다.

1. 잡초종 54종을 수집 보관중이며 이들을 대상으로 발아력을 검정한 결과 치상후 15일째에 31종이 발아력을 보이고 그 가운데 50% 이상의 발아력을 보인것은 14종에 불과하여 대부분의 잡초종은 휴면의 정도에는 차이가 있지만 어떤 형태로든지 휴면성을 갖고 있는 것으로 구명되었다. 2. 우리나라에 발생하는 피속 잡초종은 외형적으로 여러종이 발생하는것 같았으나 2종만이 존재하는데 한 종은 강피이고 다른 종은 돌피와 변종으로 물피가 존재하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 3. 종자의 단백질 패턴 검정으로 종자 형태학적으로 분류한 종들을 재점검해 본 결과 강피는 돌피와 물피와는 달리 B zone에 주요 band가 있어서 쉽게 구분되었으나 돌피와 물피의 단백질 패턴이 유사하여 구분이 쉽지 않았다.

대두 자주빛무늬병에 대한 저항성인자원 선발을 위하여 한국에너지연구소, 방사선농학연색실이서 보존하고 있는 수집재내종을 자연감염율과 인공접종법에 의한 저항성검정을 실시하였다. 공시한 수집재래종 467 계통중 는 이하의 감염율을, 약 는 이상의 감염율을 보였으며 이 자연감염율은 결협초기의 기상조건과 밀접한 상관을 보였다. 종자접종에 의한 자반의 형성은 자연감염율과 정의 상관을 보여 일차적인 저항성 검정방법으로서 효과적이었으며 만숙대두계통은 병해도피에 의한 저항성을 보였다. 그리고 갈색무늬병균의 병원성과 관계되는 종자의 자반정도는 배양기의 착색정도와 높은 상관을 보였다.

초 록 본 실험은 몇가지 우화기구를 사용하여 기구형에 따른 우화상내 온도변화가 솔잎혹파리의 우화소장에 미치는 영향 및 유충의 월동기간중의 온도변화와 우화소장간의 관계를 알아 보기 위하여 각처리별 우화소장을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 우화기구별 상내 최고온도는 현저한 차리를 나타내어 대조구에 비하여 Vinyl형은 월평균 가 높았고 다른 처리구에 있어서도 가 높았는데 다른 처리구에 있어서도 가 높았는데 표준형의 순이었다. 2) 처리별유충의 월동기간중의 최저온도분포는 현저한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 3) Vinyl형 처리구에서는 우화최성일이 5월 15로 대조구에 비하여 20일 앞당겨했고 표준형구와 Cage-50구도 14일 빨라졌다. 4) Funnel형 처리구에 있어서는 최고온도 및 적산온도의 분포가 대조구에 비하여 높았음에도 불구하고 우화최성일은 6일이 지연되었다. 5) 유충의 월동기간중의 온도처리효과는 12월중순과 3월중순의 최고온도의 상승이 우화최성일을 앞당기는 효과를 나타내었다.

본 실험은 솔잎혹파리의 성충우화수 조사기구를 개발하기 위하여 경기도 안양시 안양리 산 160번지와 수원시 서울대학교 농과대학에서 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 솔잎혹파리의 우화기간은 5월 중순부터 8월중순이었고 우화최성기는 기구별로 차이가 있어 표준형은 5월 29일-6월 2일, Funnel-A형은 6월 3일-7일, Suction형 Trap은 6월 8일-12일간이었다. 2. 우화율은 실내실험구의 Funnel-A형에서 였다. 3. Suction형 Trap은 밀도가 낮은 우화초기와 말기에 보호효과가 현저히 우수하였다. 4. 기존 표준우화상의 결점을 보완하기 위해 Funnel-A형과 Suction형 trap의 개발이 바람직하다.

Spent nuclear fuel temporary storage in South Korea is approximately 70% of total storage capacity as of the 4th quarter of 2022 amount is stored. In addition, according to the analysis of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society, saturation of nuclear power plant temporary storage is expected sequentially from 2031, and accordingly, the need for high-level radioactive waste disposal facilities has emerged. Globally, after the conclusion of the EU Taxonomy, for nuclear energy in order to become an ecofriendly energy, it is necessary to have a high-level radioactive waste disposal site and submit a detailed operation plan for high-level radioactive waste disposal site by 2050. Finland and Sweden have already received permission for the construction of high-level radioactive waste disposal facilities, and other countries, such as Switzerland, Japan, the United States, and Canada, are in the process of licensing disposal facilities. In order to establish a repository for high-level radioactive waste, the performance and safety analysis of the repository must be conducted in compliance with regulatory requirements. For safety analysis, it needs a collection of arguments and evidence. and IAEA defined it as ‘Safety case’. The Systematic method, which derives scenarios by systematizing and combining possible phenomena around the repository, is widely used for developing Safety case. Systematic methods make use of the concept of Features, Events and Processes (FEP). FEP identifies features that affect repository performance, events that can affect a short period of time, and processes that can have an impact over a long period of time. Since it is a characteristic of the Systematic method to compose a scenario by combining these FEP, the Systematic method is the basic premise for the development of FEP. Completeness is important for FEP, and comprehensiveness is important for scenarios. However, combining all the FEP into one scenario is time-consuming and difficult to ascertain the comprehensiveness of the scenario. Therefore, an Integrated FEP list is being developed to facilitate tracking between FEP and scenarios by integrating similar FEP. In this study, during the integrated FEP development process, a method for utilizing experts that can be used for difficult parts of quantitative evaluation and a quantitative evaluation process through the method were presented.

Based on the results of a review for various precipitation methods phosphorylation (phosphate precipitation) of metal chlorides considered as a proper treatment method for recovering of the fission products in a molten salt. In previous precipitation tests, the powder of lithium phosphate (Li3PO4) added into LiCl-KCl molten salt containing metal chlorides as a precipitation agent. The reaction of metal chlorides containing actinides and rare earths to recover with lithium phosphate in a molten salt known as solid-liquid reaction. The powder of lithium phosphate disperse in a molten salt by stirring thoroughly in order to enhance the precipitation reaction. As a result, metal phosphates as the reaction products precipitate on the bottom of the vessel and cutting at the lower part of the salt ingot considered as one of the recovery method of the precipitates. Recently, the vacuum distillation of upper part of the salt proposed as another recovering method. Cutting method of precipitate at the lower part of the salt ingot would be difficult to handle the increased size of the salt ingot produced from the practical scale equipment. In this presentation, a new method for collecting the precipitates of phosphorylation reaction into a small vessel is introduced with test results in a molten salt containing uranium and rare earths such as Nd, Ce, and La. As the first step of a series of test lithium phosphate ingot was prepared by melting the powder at a temperature 1,300°C, and the ingot put into LiCl-KCl molten salt at 500°C for more than three hours to examine the shape of ingot to be deformed or not. The phosphorylation experiments using lithium phosphate ingots carried out to collect the metal phosphate precipitates and the test result of this new method was feasible.

By Foreign Trade Act and the relevant laws, any organization which intends to export strategic items shall be classified whether the products, S/W, or technology are strategic items and obtain an export license from the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission (NSSC) in case those are nuclearrelated strategic items. The NSSC and KINAC conduct outreach activities to enhance the recognition and implementation of nuclear export and import control. However, ensuring that all target organizations identify and comply with relevant legislation and laws is difficult. Therefore, the government and regulators should continuously make efforts to reduce blind spots for nuclear export and import control. KINAC established the National Nuclear Technology Information Collection and Analysis System (NNTICAS) to find nuclear-related companies through online website information of various companies and to list organizations that handle nuclear-related strategic items. Based on the NICE corporate information website, NNTICAS finds related companies using dynamic collection methods through interactions such as search word input, search button input, check box click, and collected text from each company website using static collection methods through URL address access and HTML source code extraction. After that, the text contained on the company website is analyzed to check whether the predefined normalized word is included, and if the normalized word appears at a certain number or higher, it is judged as a potential target company dealing with nuclearrelated strategic items. Information on the potential target company is compared with the export controlled item list and finally classified as a target company dealing with nuclear-related strategic items. According to the comparison a manually analyzed result of potential target companies and finally selected target companies NNTICAS, it is confirmed that predefined normalized words need to be more detailed, and a controlled item list such as axes (0B001.b.2) needs to be additionally processed. In addition, if the collection is repeated without completing the previous classification of the collected corporate information, it is also possible to collect companies in cosmetics, semiconductors, and displays. Although it was confirmed that some supplementation is needed to use this system to select target companies for the outreach activity, it is also confirmed that target companies for outreach activity can be expanded through this system and is expected to increase the implementation rate and reduce the blind spot for nuclear export and import control.

KINAC (Korea Institute of Nuclear Non-proliferation and Control) is entrusted with the NSSC (Nuclear Safety And Security Commission) to conduct threat assessments for nuclear facilities. As part of the threat assessment, DBT (Design Basis Threat) must be established every three years, and a threat assessment report must be developed for DBT establishment. This paper suggests a method for collecting and analyzing cyber threat information for the development of a cyber security threat assessment report. Recently, cyber threats not only in the IT (Information Technology) field but also in the ICS (Industrial Control System) field are rapidly increasing. As cyber threats increase, threat information including related attack techniques is also increasing. Although KINAC is conducting a threat assessment on cyber security at nuclear facilities, it cannot collect and analyze all cyber threat information. Therefore, it is necessary to determine a reliable source of threat information for threat assessment, and establish a strategy for collecting and analyzing threat information for DBT establishment. The first method for collecting and analyzing threat information is to first collect threat information on industrial fields with high similarity to nuclear facilities. Most of the disclosed cyber threat information is in the IT field, and most of this information is not suitable for closed-network nuclear facilities. Therefore, it is necessary to first collect and analyze threat information on facilities that use networks similar to nuclear facilities such as energy and financial sector. The second method is to analyze the attack technique for the collected threat information. The biggest factor in DBT reset is whether there is a new threat and how much it has increased compared to the existing threat. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze which attack technique was used in the collected threat information, and as part of the analysis, a cyber attack analysis model such as a kill chain can be used. The last method is to collect and manage the disclosed vulnerability information. In order to manage vulnerabilities, it is necessary to analyze what assets are in the nuclear facility first. By matching the reported vulnerability with the CDA (Critical Digital Asset) in the facility, it is possible to analyze whether the CDA can be affected by a cyber attack.As cyber threats continue to increase, it is necessary to analyze threat cases of similar facilities, attack techniques using attack models, and vulnerability analysis through asset identification in order to develop a threat assessments report.