The East Sea, a semi-enclosed marginal sea with shallow straits in the northwest Pacific, is marked by the nearly geographic isolation and the low sea surface salinity during the last glacial maximum (LGM). The East Sea might have the only connection to the open ocean through the Korea Strait with a sill depth of 130 m, allowing the paleo-Tsushima Water to enter the sea during the LGM. The low paleosalinity associated with abnormally light δ18O values of planktonic foraminifera is interpreted to have resulted from river discharge and precipitation. Nevertheless, two LGM features in the East Sea are disputable. This study attempts to estimate volume transport of the paleo-Tsushima Water via the Korea Strait and further examines its effect on the low sea surface salinity (SSS) during the lowest sea level of the LGM. The East Sea was not completely isolated, but partially linked to the northern East China Sea through the Korea Strait during the LGM. The volume transport of the paleo-Tsushima Water during the LGM is calculated approximately(0.5~2.1)×1012m3/yr on the basis of the selected seismic reflection profiles along with bathymetry and current data. The annual influx of the paleo-Tsushima Water is low, compared to the 100 m-thick surface water volume (about 79.75×1012m3) in the East Sea. The paleo-Tsushima Water influx might have changed the surface water properties within a geologically short time, potentially decreasing sea surface salinity. However, the effect of volume transport on the low sea surface salinity essentially depends on freshwater amounts within the paleo-Tsushima Water and excessive evaporation during the glacial lowstands of sea level. Even though the paleo-Tsushima Water is assumed to have been entirely freshwater at that time period, it would annually reduce only about 1‰ of salinity in the surface water of the East Sea. Thus, the paleo-Tsushima Water influx itself might not be large enough to significantly reduce the paleosalinity of about 100 m-thick surface layer during the LGM. This further suggests contribution of additional river discharges from nearby fluvial systems (e.g. the Amur River) to freshen the surface water.

동아시아 지역에서의 원자력 수요는 경제 발전을 뒷받침하기 위해 급격히 증가하고 있다. 9.11 사태 이후 전 세계적으로 핵비확산은 세계적인 현안이 되고 있으며 이와 함께 타 지 역과는 달리 동아시아 지역에서는 향후 10년 후 몇몇 국가들이 원자력을 새로이 도입하려는 움직임이 있다. 이와 같은 현안에 대처하기 위해 공급 확약과 핵비확산을 목적으로 새로운 지역적인 다자간 원자력 협력 체제가 제안되었다. 이러한 새로운 제안은 신뢰성 증진, 자발적 참여 및 동기 부여의 원칙을 바탕으로 하고 있다. 또한 동아시아에서 다자간 체제를 실행하기 위해 단계적인 접근 방법을 제안하고 있다.

Astronomical research in Asian Pacific region has been growing rapidly in recent years. However, most important papers have been published in well established existing journals in US and Europe because we do not have high impact international journals in this region. I review the current trends of the local journals of East Asian countries and propose to establish a new regional journal by combining domestic journals.

I report here about the future direction of cooperation of astronomy in East Asia region, which has been a long-years subject of the EAMA since 1990. During this EAMA-6 we had many positive discussions and remarkable progress toward the promotion of our cooperation. We also had an 'East Asian Observatory' WG meeting yesterday with many attendants, and actively discussed this important subject in some detail. The following report is to summarize the fruitful products we had in the EAMA-6 discussions and in past EAMA activities, and to propose a direction and some action items toward the bright future of astronomy in East Asia.

The situations and locations of the Asian astronomical observatories are overviewed. I propose to construct a medium size Infrared Telescope at a good site in the Asian district.

Subaru Telescope proposes to hold Subaru East Asia Youth School (Tentative Name) in 2005.

We are undertaking an extra-solar planet search around G-type giant stars by means of Doppler technique using an iodine absorption cell installed to the high dispersion echelle spectrograph for the 188 cm reflector at Okayama Astrophysical Observatory (Okayama Planet Search Program, OPSP). Having detected the first planet candidate (Sato et al. 2003)the search has been proved very promising. Taking advantage of this success, we are trying to develop OPSP to an international collaborative work. We here report the current status of our efforts for establishing such collaborations, namely, those with Chinese and Korean astronomers. We also propose to establish an East-Asian network to search for extra-solar planets around G-type giant stars with the transit detecting technique as well as the Doppler technique, asking other persons/groups to join us to enjoy the planet search.

We had the first committee meeting of the East Asia VLBI Consortium during the EAMA6 meeting held in Seoul. A VLBI network composed of telescopes in the East Asia region could provide extreme properties, and the coordination of them has been expected. The Committee of the East Asia VLBI Consortium is a standing committee to promote activities of the consortium, in which participating countries at present are China, Japan, and Korea over eight institutes/observatories. Here we introduce the Consortium and Committee.

All architectures in the history have certain attitudes of aesthetic expression of their own. Depending on the culture, such aesthetic attitudes are not the same but different. This paper aims to identify the nature of the difference of aesthetic attitude in the architectures of the East and the West. As a way of approach for this purpose, two keywords are employed as representative concept. They are: 'proportion' and 'vitality'. Proportion, of course, represent the attitude of the Western, while, vitality, the Eastern. Although these two words are subjective selection, it is hoped that the nature of aesthetic attitudes could be observed through the windows of these two representative concepts. We all know that the architects and students of architecture of this period, are very much concerned about the aesthetic expression of their design. However, the value judgement of aesthetic quality seems quite confused in modem period. If the nature of aesthetic attitudes of the Eastern and the Western architecture is well understood, such understanding will help much for the direction of architectural aesthetic of future architecture.

The bricks in Myung Dong Cathedral Church are now deteriorated by the weather such as temperature, humidity, and winds. Thus it is necessary to replace the old bricks to the restored bricks for the load bearing capacity as well as to prevent the penetrations of rains from outside. However the mortar composition is not well defined at this moment and there are literary about the mortar completions. Thus it is necessary to verify the mortar compactions between old bricks and results to bring the restoring the mortar for the replace of new bricks. The particles of mortar was collected from Myung Dong Cathedral Church and particle size was analyzed by the mortar and pestle and mechanicle floater. The X-ray diffraction and XRF of each particles are analyzed. The quartz and feldspar such as albite, kaolinite are observed in large particles(>1mm). However, the clicite was observed at lower than $43{\mu}m$ particles. In XRF analysis, the $SiO_2\;and\;K_2O$ are observed at large particles$(1mm-208{\mu}m)\;and\;CaCO_3$ is observed at small particles$(208-43{\mu}m)\;and\;CaCO_3$ is observed at small particles($208-43{\mu}m$). This is well coincide with XRD results. The optimum volume ratio of lime mortar would be 1: 2 ($CaO: SiO_2$).

동해의 심층수 형성은 크게 대륙주변부 대류와 외양대류에 의한 것으로 알려져 있다. Vladivostok 연안과 subpolar front사이에서 겨울철에 발생하는 심층수의 형성은 외양대류에 의한 가능성이 높은 것으로 설명되고 있으며, 침니 현상이 이러한 결과를 됫받침 하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 외양대류에 의한 심층수 형성과정의 초기단계 즉 침니 현상의 전 단계에 나타나는 현상을 포텐셜 와도, 지형류, 수온, 염분, 용존산소의 분포로부터 확인하였다. 포텐셜와도의 분포에서 나타난 와동류는 Vladivostok 연안과 subpolar front 사이에 위치하며, 와동류의 분포 위치는 겨울철 심층수 형성 가능성이 높은 해역과 잘 일치한다. 특히 대륙의 지형적인 특성으로 인한 바람장의 변화는 본 연구에서 나타난 시계반대방향의 와동류가 형성될 수 있음을 보여주며, 그 결과로 나타나는 dome 구조의 밀도 분포는 외양대류의 초기 단계에서 나타나는 현상을 잘 보여준다.

We investigated the characteristics of the thermohaline structure and phytoplankton community from the southwestern areas of Jeju to the nothern areas of Taiwan in the Ease China Sea, in June 2004. According to the analysis of a T-S diagram, three characteristic of water masses were identified. We classified them into the mixed water mass by the Chiness continental coastal waters and Yellow Sea cold water (Region A), Chinese continental coastal waters (Region B) and Taiwan warm current (Region C). Region A was characterized by low temperature, low salinity, high density and high Chl-a concentration. Region B was characterized by high temperature, low salinity, low density and high Chl-a and Region C was characterized high temperature, high salinity, low density and low Chl-a concentration. The phytoplankton community identified a total of 56 species belonging to 31 genera. The dominant species was mainly dinoflagellates, Gymnodinium breve, Scrippsiella trochoidea, Ceratium fusus, Prororcentrum triestinum, centric diatoms, Chaetoceros lorenzianus, Leptocylindrus danicus, Proboscia alata, Skeletonema costatum and pennate diatoms, Pseudonitzschia pungens, Cylidrotheca closterium. Standing crops of phytoplakton fluctuated between 0.1×102 cells/L and 5.7×104 cells/L by dominance of dinoflagellates. In the phytoplankton community, the Region A was characterized by the various species composition in 39 species, the dominint species with di-atomes, Pn. pungen, Ch. lorenzianus and standing crops from 6.9 cells/ml to 56.6 cells/ml, Region B by the various species composition in 37 species, the dominant species with dinoflagellates, G.breve, S. trochoidea and standing crops from 4.6 cells/ml to 26.7 cells/ml, and the Region C by low species number with 28 species, the dominant species with one dinoflagellate, S.trochoidea and one diatom, L.danicus and very low standing crops from 0.1 cells/ml to 5.7 cells/ml. Phytoplankton productivity in the East China Sea was controlled by Chinese continental coastal waters which include a high concentrations of nutrients.

All architecture in the history were based on a certain concept of architectural unit that functioned as a base model of architectural design. As we know, such model was not the same in the East and the West, and therefore, their architectures are not the same. This paper aims to identify how and why such base model of the two cultural area are different. As one way of discussing this issue, the concept of particle and field, as two representative idea of the West and East respectively, the employed. This kind of discussion can not follow the way of scientific verification as method of argument. However, the understanding of such concept of unit model is crucial for the understanding of the architecture of the culture in general. In basic sense, the tradition of Western architecture is rooted in the model of particle, where, architecture is conceived to be as a independent unit standing on earth as if it is a box like object. While, the tradition of Eastern architecture is rooted in the model field, where, architecture is conceived to be a part of field organization. In present days, we are used to the model of particle as if it is the only possible model of architecture. But, in fact, what man need to achieve in their architecture and city, is the balance between the two models.

참외 시설하우스는 거의 대부분 단동형이며 논의 형태에 따라 동·서동, 남·북동으로 설치되어 있다. 동·서동의 경우 남쪽이랑과 북쪽이랑을 만들어 참외를 재배하는데 이랑위치에 따라서 초기생육 차이가 크다. 본 시험은 동·서동 하우스내 이랑위치별 온도, 조도 및 초기생육을 구명하기 위하여 금싸라기은천참외에 신토좌 접목묘를 1월 18일 정식하여 12온스 보온부직포를 이용하여 무가온 재배하였다. 2월 15일 터널내 최저온도는 남쪽이랑은 11.3℃, 북쪽이랑은 12.5℃, 최고온도는 남쪽이랑은 34.7℃, 북쪽이랑은 36.7℃로 남쪽이랑에 비하여 북쪽이랑에서 최저온도는 1.2℃높았고 최고온도도 2.0℃높았다. 일사량은 9시부터 10시 30분까지는 남쪽이랑과 북쪽이랑이 비슷하였으나 10시 30분부터 11시 30분까지는 남쪽이랑에서 일사량이 많았고 1띠 30분부터 17시 30분까지는 북쪽이랑에서 일사량이 많았다. 정식 55일 후까지의 생육은 남쪽이랑에 비하여 북쪽이랑에서 초장, 경경, 엽수 등 생육이 월등히 우수하였다 암꽃 개화 및 첫 수확일수도 남쪽이랑에 비하여 북쪽이랑에서 빨랐으며 남쪽이랑에 비해 북쪽이랑에서 상품율은 6.7% 10a당 수량은 218kg 더 많았다.

지리산 동부지역 중 거림계곡, 백무동계곡, 한신계곡, 중산리계곡. 세석평전, 천왕봉일대 등 6구간의 관속식물상을 조사한 곁과 89과 260속 404종 66변종 8품종 1교잡종 총 479종류(Taxa)로 조사되었다. 또한 지리산 지역에서 자라는 한국특산식물, 산림청.임업연구원(1997)과 환경부(2001)의 특정식물종, 조림종과 재배종을 포함한 귀화식물종을 조사한 결과 한국특산식물은 지리산고사리, 구상나무, 좀고채목 등 총 26종류, 특정식물종은 자주솜대, 금강애기나리, 누른종덩굴 등 총 15종류, 귀화식물종은 달맞이꽃, 돼지풀, 지느러미엉겅퀴 등 총 17종류가 확인되었다. 특히 특정식물종은 등산로 주변에서 출현 빈도가 높게 나타났으며, 환경부에서 위해식물로 지정된 돼지풀이 전구간에서 많은 개체가 자라고 있었다.