Our objective of this study is to design and develop a polyethylene glycol ( PEG2000)-modified multiwall carbon nanotube (PEGylated MWCNT) formulation for oral controlled metronomic chemotherapeutic drug delivery. Multiwall carbon nanotubes undergo various chemical modifications including oxidation with strong acids, conjugation of polyethylene glycol, and coating with cellulose acetate phthalate which resulted in the formation of aqueous dispersion and prevention of drug degradation in acidic environment. Advanced analytical procedure such as Fourier transform infra-red, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering techniques were used to evaluate physicochemical characterization. We also performed in vitro cytotoxic study by MTT assay and results revealed that carboplatin-loaded PEGylated MWCNTs did not show significant detrimental effect on the viability of MDA-MB-231 (human breast cancer) cells. The maximum encapsulation and drug-loading capacity were determined to be 71.58 ± 0.04 and 39.62 ± 0.07%, respectively. The release of carboplatin from PEGylated MWCNTs was investigated at simulated intestinal fluid (SIF), pH 6.8, after optimizing at simulated gastric fluid (SGF), pH 1.2, by enteric coating. Enteric-coated PEGylated MWCNTs exhibit pH-responsive drug activity in a sustained manner especially at pH 6.8. This surface modification strongly suggests that PEGylated MWCNTs could be a potential carrier for metronomic chemotherapeutic agent for high drug resistance, drug with maximum adverse effect and poorly oral bioavailable drugs.

The objective of this study is to develop education programs for cultivating smart aquaculture experts through a education demand survey of industries, high school students, university (graduate) students and field workers. The industry demand analysis was conducted as an in-depth interview on representives from seven companies. Education demand surveys were conducted on 96 students and field workers in the Jeonnam region. Results on the demand survey were analyzed using frequency analysis and cross-analysis. The company representatives responded that they want to participated in internship and retraining programs to proactively secure manpowers with convergence capabilities about smart aquaculture. Seven companies preferred manpowers with basic competencies on ICT (Information and Communications Technologies) or aquaculture. The most respondents in the demand survey want to participate in the education program for experience on advanced technology, self-development and enhancement of work capability. On the other hand, some respondents said that the education is time-consuming and that the education program does not fit their level. Thus, the education program should be developed in a way to minimize the spatial and temporal limitations of education targets and to improve understanding of non-majors by reflecting the demands of human resources in the industrial field.

우리나라는 세계적인 해운국이자 수산국임에도 불구하고, 최근 선원의 인권 침해에 대한 문제가 지속적으로 조사·보도되고 있다. 특히, 이주 어선원들의 인 권침해 문제는 심각한 수준이다. 국제연합의 인신매매방지의정서 상의 인신매매의 정의는 한국 사회에서 일반적으로 생각하는 ‘사람을 물건처럼 사고파는 것’과는 개념이 다르다. 인신매 매방지의정서 상의 개념은 사기, 강박, 피해자의 지위나 환경 등을 이용하여 성 이나 노동력 등을 착취하는 것을 인신매매로 보고 있다. 현재 이주어선원들의 인권침해 보고서 상에 있는 사례의 수준이라면, 우리나라는 인신매매의 경로국 이자 종착지이다. 미국은 인신매매예방을 위하여 매년 인신매매보고서를 발간하고 있으며, 전 세계 191개국을 조사·평가하여 등급을 정하고 인신매매예방 활동이 취약한 국 가를 3등급으로 지정하여 경제적 제재조치를 가하고 있다. 우리나라는 1등급 국가이지만, 매 년 어선원 문제의 개선에 대해서 지적을 받고 있는 실정이다. 이에 대한 실질적인 개선조치가 없다면 언제든지 2등급 국가로 떨어질 수 있기 때문에 이 분야의 종사자들은 경각심을 가져야 한다. 이 논문에서는 인신매매에 대한 개념을 이해하고 미국의 인신매매방지 활동 등을 살펴보고 우리나라가 이주 어선원들에 대한 인권침해 예방을 위하여 개선 하여야 할 사항 등을 제안하고자 한다. 선원인권침해예방을 위해서는 정부의 실질적인 규제활동과 선원행정집행 공무원들의 교육·훈련이 필요하다.

In this study, hair waste was converted into active carbon for the first time and its characteristics were analyzed. As chemical activation tool, zinc chloride ( ZnCl2) was impregnated and then carbonized under different temperatures (250–300 °C). Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images showed an increase in the pore density, radius and volume of pores. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) showed that the samples had an amorphous structure. In Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscope analysis, C=C and N–H vibrations observed in 1515–1520 cm−1 wave number of protein molecules were found to disappear with the increase in temperature. With Raman spectroscopy, the behaviors of D peak at 1344 cm−1 wave number and G peak at 1566 cm−1 wave number expressing structure layout in carbonized structures were analyzed depending on the temperatures. Between these intensities, (ID/IG) the rate was found to differ in direct proportion to temperature. XRD spectrums showed that the samples are converted into a more irregular crystal structure. All these results implied that the waste hair mass could be used as an adsorbant material.

We are proud that we are launching “Have 4,000 Students sign a Jeju 4.3 Petition to the U.S. Capitol” for enactment of “the Korea Jeju 4.3 Human Rights Act 2022” in 2022, which was result of various visits to offices of U.S. Congressman Mark Takano and Congresswoman Judy Chu on May 1, 2019. It was historic sentence for Jeju 4.3 Survivors, Mr. Dong-Soo Park of Sogil Village, Mr. Wonhue Boo of Hwabuk village, Ms. Hee-Chun Oh of Harye village dismissed all charges against the accused on January 17, 2019 by Presiding Judge Jaegal, Chang, Chung, Seung-jin and Seo, Youngwoo at the Korea Jeju Distict Court. “South Korean victims who were wrongfully charged with insurrection during an anti-communist crackdown from 1948 to 1949 and thrown in jail for defying violent paramilitary and military forces, are to receive more that $4 million in compensation for wrongful imprisonment following the Jeju 4.3 massacre, “South Korea Jeju Massacre victims awarded $ 4M in damages,” by Elizabeth Shim: UPI, August 21, 2019).

Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide and currently there are many approaches developing towards cancer treatment. Cancer treatments like chemotherapy and radiation therapy are often painful and have adverse effects. The mechanism of apoptosis is a complex process and it involves different pathways in its mechanism of action. Apoptosis can be caused by signals within the cell such as stress, or by extrinsic signals such as ligands binding to cell surface death receptors. The programmed cell death plays a important role in the several physiological and pathological processes. It plays important role in homeostasis. Flavonoids have gained importance as anticancer agents promoting cytotoxicity and apoptosis in cancer cells. Flavonoids are present in many medicinal plants which are a kind of ubiquitous natural products and essential active ingredients. They have strong biological activities with high efficiency and low toxicity, possessing good preventive and cure effects on different tumor forms. Flavonoids such as Scutellarein, Pectolinarigenin and Naringin have reported to possess significant anti-cancer effects on different cancer cell lines till date. In this review, we provide a summary about the anti-cancer effect of the three flavonoids and its mechanisms of action that can be used in future for understanding their potent anti-tumor properties.

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a lipid messenger mediated by G protein-coupled receptors (LPAR1-6). It is involved in the pathogenesis of certain chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In addition, it controls the self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells. Recent research has demonstrated the close relationship between periodontitis and various diseases in the human body. However, the precise role of LPA in the development of periodontitis has not been studied. We identified that LPAR1 was highly expressed in human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). In periodontitis-mimicking conditions with Porphyromonas gingivalis -derived lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) treatment, PDLSCs exhibited a considerable reduction in the cellular viability and osteogenic differentiation potential, in addition to an increase in the inflammatory responses including tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β expression and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activation. Of the various LPAR antagonists, pre-treatment with AM095, an LPAR1 inhibitor, showed a positive effect on the restoration of cellular viability and osteogenic differentiation, accompanied by a decrease in NF-κB signaling, and action against Pg-LPS. These findings suggest that the modulation of LPAR1 activity will assist in checking the progression of periodontitis and in its treatment.

HPT research studies and practices have been largely conducted in the corporate setting, leaving education as a neglected context despite its strong emphasis on performance in teaching, learning, and school management. In this study, we examine the application of the HPT standards and their effects on Korean teachers’ performance goal achievement for students. With HPT standards, we also investigate the interaction effect of teacher tenure on the relationship among HPT standards and goal achievement. The Hayes Process Model is adopted to examine the second-stage moderated mediation model. The findings support that the principle standards positively mediate the effect of the process standards on the teachers’ goal achievement, and teacher tenure moderates the HPT standards’ effects on goal achievement. The practical and theoretical implications of the results are discussed, as well as limitations and future research suggestions

The method of natural spawning is very passive and inconvenient for the study of developmental engineering in marine medaka, Oryzias dancena. The optimum concentration of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and carp pituitary extract (CPE) for ovulation and spawning, and the injection time for the artificial spawning of marine medaka were analyzed in this study. The success rate, survival rate, and hatching rate were highest with 100 IU HCG kg-1 BW and 5 mg CPE L-1 in both male and female marine medaka (p<0.05). After obtaining unfertilized eggs and sperm by the injection of HCG and CPE into the broodstock of marine medaka, artificial fertilization could be successfully achieved any time fertilized eggs are needed in this species. This result should be useful for developing a study program for marine medaka as an experimental animal.

본 연구의 목적은 유아교사의 인권의식, 전문성인식, 삶의 만족도가 다문화교 수효능감에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것이다. 본 연구를 위해서 예비조사및 본조사를 구분하여 진행하였고, 본 조사는 2019년 7월 10일부터 8월 20일까지 전라남도 지역에 위치한 유아교사 141명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 수집 된 자료는 설문 문항에 대한 신뢰도를 검증하기 위하여 Cronbach α 계수와 유아교사의 인권의식, 전문성인식, 삶의 만족도, 다문화교수효능감 간의 관계를 살 펴보기 위하여 Pearson 적률상관분석 및 유아교사의 인권의식, 전문성인식, 삶의 만족도가 다문화교수효능감에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 중다회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과로는 첫째, 다문화교수효능감과 삶의 만족도, 전문성인식 간에 유의미한 정적 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 다문화교수효 능감에 영향을 미치는 변수로는 교사의 전문성인식이 유의미한 정적 예측변인으로 나타났다. 이에, 본 연구결과는 다문화정책 지원을 위한 교사교육 프로그 램개발에 의미있는 기초자료를 제공해 줄 것으로 판단한다.

본 연구에서는 자연재해에 대한 집계구 단위의 인명 취약성 지수 평가 방법론을 제안하였다. 인명 취약성 지수는 자연재해에 대한 인명의 리스크 지수(Risk Index) 평가 시 필수적으로 요구되는 것으로써 인명의 노출도(Exposure)와 민감도(Sensitivity)가 고려된 취약성 대리변수의 결합으로 평가될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 경주시를 평가 시범지역으로 선정하여 자연재해에 대한 인명 취약성 지 수 방법론을 적용하였다. 자연재해 인명 리스크와 관련된 문헌조사를 통하여 6개의 취약성 대리변수(인구밀도, 직업, 취약계층, 성별, 교육수준, 외국인)가 선정되었으며, 선정된 취약성 대리변수는 기 설정된 점수화 기준에 따라 평가치가 산정된 후 정규화 방법에 따라 무차원화 되었다. 각각의 취약성 대리변수를 결합하기 위한 가중치는 인명 취약성 지수 관련 문헌에서 적용된 가중치를 메타분석(Meta- Analysis)하여 파악되었다. 인명 취약성 지수를 평가하기 위해 필요한 인구 통계자료 데이터베이스는 통계청에서 제공하는 집계구별 인구 통계자료를 기초로 구축되었다. 경주시에 대한 인명 취약성 지수 평가의 경우, 인명에 대한 노출도 및 민감도가 높은 공동주택 단 지에서 가장 취약할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 제안된 취약성 지수 평가 방법론은 집계구 단위 지역에서의 자연재해 리스크 를 신속하게 평가할 시 활용가능하다.

The US has huge interests in Hong Kong. In 1992, a few years before China resumed its sovereignty over Hong Kong in 1997, the US adopted the U.S.-Hong Kong Policy Act of 1992. The keynote of the Act is to enhance the cooperation with and maintain the treatment to Hong Kong. This tune has changed in the Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act of 2019, which is obviously the response of the US to widespread protests in Hong Kong arising from the Extradition Bill proposed by the Government of Hong Kong SAR. The new law includes several negative elements. It marks a change in the US policy towards Hong Kong and furthermore represents a change in the US policy towards China. The new law should not merely be understood as the US’s support for democracy and human rights in Hong Kong. Instead, it should be considered as a major leverage which the US may maneuver to engage a rising China.

법의 역사에서 ‘법의 지배’ 즉 ‘법치주의’가 가지는 의미는 매우 크다. 1215년 왕과 귀족 사이에 합의된 마그나 카르타(Magna Carta)는 법의 힘에 대한 신뢰에 바탕을 둔 귀족들의 이익에서 시작되었지만, 절대적이고 자의적인 왕의 권력을 능가할 수 있는 보편적인 ‘법의 지배’의 힘을 보여주는 것이다. 인권의 보호를 위해서도 ‘정의의 이념’과 함께 법의 지배는 중요한 의미를 지닌다. 아리스토텔레스, 롤즈, 오킨, 그리고 코넬 역시 ‘평균적 정의’와 더불어 ‘배분적 정의’를 실현하고자 하였다. 자연법론자인 풀러와 법실증주의자인 라즈도 ‘형식적 합법성’ 내지 ‘법 준수’ 라는 점에서 ‘법의 지배’에 대하여 직간접적으로 지지하고 있다. 타마나하 역시 인권과 인간 존엄을 보장할 것을 주장하며 광범위한 영역에서 법의 지배의 힘을 주장하고 있다. 법이 인간의 자유와 평등이라는 이상을 기초로 공정한 내용으로 제정되고 집행한다면, 모든 인간에게 유익하다. 이러한 점에 법의 지배의 중요성이 있다. 그리고 모든 인간에게 유익할 뿐만 아니라, 인간의 인권을 지키는 데도 중요하다. 법의 지배가 제대로 이루어진다면 시민들의 권리도 지켜질 뿐만 아니라 소수자의 인권 역시 지켜진다. 이 연구에서는 가장 소수자 중 어쩌면 가장 많은 수를 차지하는 여성의 인권을 ‘법의 지배’와 연관하여 분석하였다. 이는 형식적 법치주의 발전 단계에서 많은 권리에 여성에서 주어졌지만, 간과되어 왔던 권리를 현대법의 이상인 실질적 법치주의와 연계하여 보장하고자 하는 세계적인 흐름과도 부합한다.