A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass-spectrometric detection was developed and validated for the simultaneous analysis of 13 quinolones (orbifloxacin, sarafloxacin, marbofloxacin, ofloxacin, enrofloxacin, danofloxacin, pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, difloxacin, oxolinic acid, flumequine, nalidixic acid) in pork. The drugs were extracted from homogenized sample using acidic buffer (2% trichloracetic acid) and acetonitrile with ethyl acetate. Analysis was performed by liquid chromatograph with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in positive mode for all quinolones. Mass spectral acquisition was performed in the multi reaction monitoring mode (MRM), selecting two structurally significant transitions per compound. Good linear relationship (R2=0.999) was observed at 6 concentrations of 2.5～100 ng/g. Satisfied recoveries (73.3～105.4%) of all quinolones were demonstrated in spiked pork at three levels from 5 to 20 ng/g. The limits of quantitation (LOQs) for quinolones ranged from 0.25 to 5.0 ng/g.

[Introduction] Matsutake mushroom (Tricholoma matsutake), an ectomycorrhizal fungus has low activity for polysaccharide hydrolyzing enzymes such as amylase, cellulase and hemicellulase. Therefore, only glucose and a few other monoand di-saccharides can be used to grow this fungus. Then, we examined the possibility for the mass production of the mycelia using the saccharified rice bran as growth substrate. [Methods and Results] For the selection of Kouji-mold, 32 strains of Aspergillus spp. were tested. These fungi were cultivated in potato dextrose liquid (PDL) medium added rice bran and amylase activities were assayed. As a result, Kouji-mold from Isesou Mugi Kouji (Asp. oryzae) was selected to use for saccharification of rice bran. When the saccharified rice bran was used as the growth substrate, the mycelical growth was enhanced. In this mushroom, the dry weight mycelia increased at about 3.0 times (control : 50mg, saccharified rice bran : 160mg, 60days, 24℃) by using saccharified rice bran compared with that of the control without saccharified rice bran. From there results, we see that saccharified rice bran is a useful culture material for the mass production of matsutake mycelia. Chemical analysis in saccharified rice bran solution was done with TLC and HPLC. The large amounts of glucose and maltose were detected in the saccharified solution. Now, we are trying to hydrolyze of cellulose and hemicelluloses components in rice bran using Asp. kawachii or Asp. saitoi isolated from Shouchu kouji.

LC-DAD-ESI/MS를 이용하여 국내 자색벼 품종에 대해 개별 안토시아닌 조성 및 함량을 평가한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 자색벼 품종에서 분리된 모든 개별 안토시아닌의 화학구조는 MS fragment 패턴을 확인하여 cyanidin을 base로 한 unknown 화합물 1종을 포함, cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside, cyanidin 3-glucoside, peonidin 3-glucoside의 총 4가지 개별성분이 분리 및 동정되었다. 2. Cyanidin 3-glucoside 및 peonidin 3-glucoside이 주요성분으로 cyanidin 3-glucoside의 경우 90% 이상의 가장 높은 함량 비중을 나타냈으며, 개별성분별 평균 함량은 cyanidin 3-glucoside > peonidin 3-glucoside > cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside > unknown(cyanidin based)의 순으로 나타났다. 3. 흑진주벼의 총 안토시아닌 함량은 408 mg/100 g으로 흑남벼보다 약 6배 정도 높은 함량을 나타내었다.

A simple, selective and sensitive procedure for the confirmation of 14 sulfonamide antibacterials in milk was developed. The milk samples were homogenized, extracted and deproteinized by acetonitrile and defatted by n-hexane. Analysis was performed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in positive mode for all 14 analytes. Mass spectral acquisition was performed in the multi reaction monitoring mode (MRM), selecting two structurally significant transitions per compound. The calibrations were performed in sample matrixes and the interference effect of sample matrixes on the ionization was effectively eliminated. Good linear relationship (R2=0.992～ 0.999) were observed at 6 concentrations of 2.5～100 ng/g. Satisfied recoveries (86.3～110.2%) of all sulfonamides were demonstrated in spiked milk at three levels from 5 to 20 ng/g. The limits of quantitation (LOQs) for sulfonamides ranged from 0.25～2.1 ng/g.

빈산소 수괴는 전세계적으로 얕은 연안의 바다에서 생태적으로 위협적인 영향을 미치고 있다. 한반도 남해동부연안의 가막만에서도 2007년 6월 말에 빈산소 현상이 나타났으며, 빈산소 수괴 소멸기의 이화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 빈산소 수괴는 선소 인접지역에서 북서부 내만역의 연안을 따라 형성되어 있었다. 표층수와 저층수의 용존산소 농도는 빈산소 수괴에서 1.3mgL-1와 2mgL-1 이하, 그 외 지역은 각각 4.5~6.8mgL-1와 3.8~6.0mgL-1로 양호한 농도를 보였다. 빈산소 지역의 클로로필 a 농도는 표층 4.9~25.3μgL-1, 중층이 2.3~23.1μgL-1, 저층은 1.9~9.0μgL-1 범위였다. 가막만 빈산소 수괴의 발생은 3가지 수직적 형태로 나타났다. 첫 번째는 선소 주변에서 빈산소 수괴가 전 수심 층에서 발생되면서 어 패류의 폐사가 일어났다. 두 번째는 일반적인 빈산소 수괴 발생 형태인 저층에서부터 빈산소가 발생되어 있는 상태였다. 세 번째는 수온 역전 현상이 일어나면서 중층에서만 빈산소 수괴가 발생하였고 저층에는 빈산소 수괴가 발생하지 않았는데, 이러한 현상은 조사정점 9, 14 및 21의 호도마을 인접지역 연안에서만 발생하였다. 빈산소 수역에서는 해저면에 주로 서식하는 문절망둑 무리들이 수면위로 올라와 산소 결핍에 따른 입 올림을 하였으며 게류 및 고둥류 등이 갯가로 올라오는 등 이상행동을 하는 것이 관찰되었다. 폐사된 생물들은 주로 문절망둑으로서 3천 마리 정도였고, 게 및 고둥류 일부가 폐사하였다.

In this study, vertical extension type TMD(VE-TMD) whose vertically extended stories behave like a tuned mass damper, with Lead-Rubber Bearing(LRB) between the top of existing structures and the bottom of the extended stories was proposed. A shaking table tests for a 5-story reinforced concrete model, which is of 2.2 Hz natural frequency. A vertical extended model consisted of a steel frame, with two base isolators between the top of the RC model and the bottom of the extended stories. Those base isolators' lateral stiffness was equal to 31.392 kN/m which was calculated with the fundamental period plus 0.2 tonf, weight of a single story of the model. The test for the specimen was shaking table test excited by a harmonic loads for the fundamental period of the structure. The test results indicated that the VE-TMD improved seismic performance by 40 % in displacement responses for all of frequency-domain.

본 연구에서는 2006년부터 2008년까지 3년간 봄철에 PM10과 PM2.5를 채취하여 질량농도와 금속원소의 화학적 특성, 기상인자와의 관계 분석, 황사 및 비황사시의 미세먼지 특성 그리고 이동경로에 따른 농도의 특성을 고찰하였다. 연구기간동안의 PM10, PM2.5, PM10-2.5평균농도는 각각 126.2±89.8, 85.5±41.6, 40.7±54.9μg/m3이었으며 PM2.5/PM10 및 PM10-2.5/PM2.5 비는 각각 0.70, 0.48이었다. 우리나라의 북서쪽인 북경을 포함한 지역과 서쪽인 상해를 포함한 지역에서 공기덩어리가 이류 할 때 가장 높은 미세먼지농도를 나타내었다.

Bacillus thuringiensis (B. t.) strains are important microorganism because they produced a large amount of δ-endotoxin protein per bacterial cell and their toxins are highly toxic to Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Diptera depending on B. t. To date, more than a hundred Cry proteins have been identified and classified into 195 holotypes, based on the amino acid sequence identity. The Cry proteins or cry genes from the Korean native B. t. isolates in this study were not identified yet. The electrospray ionization of quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (ESI Q-TOF MS) was used to get the internal amino acid sequences of the endotoxin-spore culture mixtures of B. t. isolates, for which polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques were unable to detect the cognate genes. Most of Cry proteins seperated, excized, and extracted from the one dimensional - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1D-PAGE), instead of 2D-PAGE, were matched with protein databases using MS-MASCOT search program. The internal amino acid sequences which were submitted to protein BLAST (basic local alignment search tool) had partially homology with the Cry protein databases. Hence, present data strongly suggest that the de novo amino acid sequencing and ESI Q-TOF/MS analysis along with MASCOT search could be used as a simple and rapid method for detection of novel Cry toxins from B. t. isolates and identification of B. t. isolates.

Mamestra brassicae (cabbage moth) is a common European moth of the order Lepidoptera and the family Noctuidae. The larval stage is highly polyphagous and is known to feed on more than 70 species of host plants from 22 families, including Brassica species, lettuce, onion, potato, pea, tomato and apple. M. brassicae has become a significant pest also in Asia due to the damage caused to agriculturally and economically important Brassica crops. It is difficult to control M. brassicae using chemical insecticide because of its rapid development of resistance. The objective of our study, therefore, was the mass production and formulation of a local strain of M. brassicae nucleopolyhedrovirus-K1 (MabrNPV-K1) for the development of viral insecticide to control it. In production efficiency of MabrNPV-K1 using M. brassicae larvae, the mortality of the 3rd instar larvae was 100% when inoculated with 1.0 × 105 PIBs/larva and the yield of MabrNPV-K1 was maximal. Regarding the mortality, yield of polyhedra, inoculation doses and required time, the 1.0 × 104 PIBs/larva at 30°C was determined as optimal conditions producing polyhedra efficiently. To formulate MabrNPV-K1, feeding toxicities of various supplements including spreader and ultraviolet (UV) -protectant were determined. Tinopal UNPA-GX which is UV-protectants was effective for protection of polyhedra from UV and showed the increased mortality when added with 1% concentration. Other supplements did not influence significantly the mortality of MabrNPV-K1. Formulated MabrNPV-K1 with several supplements showed higher pathogencity than un-formulated MabrNPV-K1.