최근 수경재배에서 가장 많이 사용되는 친환경 유기배 지인 코이어 배지를 사용하였을 때 코이어 칩과 더스트 비율, 급액량에 따라 멜론의 생육과 과실 품질을 분석하고 봄 재배시 코이어 배지를 이용한 멜론 수경재배의 기초 자료를 제공하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 실험에 사용한 2 종류의 코이어 배지는 칩과 더스트의 비율이 각각 3:7, 5:5이었으며, 배액률 10, 20, 30% 수준으로 급액하였을 때 멜론의 생육과 품질 변화, 배지의 물리적 ·화학적 변화를 분석하였다. 배액률 10%를 기준으로 양액을 공급한 처리구는 총 급액량이 주당 91L로 급액량이 가장 많은 배액률 30% 처리구에 비해 약 30% 절감되었다. 총 배액량 또한 급액량이 가장 적은 배액률 10% 처리구에서 주당 10L 이하로 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 더스트 비율이 높은 칩:더스트 3:7 배지는 5:5 배지 보다 총 배액량이 약 30-70% 감소하였다. 급액량이 많고 더스트 비율이 높은 3:7 배지를 사용했을 경우 엽생육과 과실 비대가 좋았고 당도는 품종 간 차이가 컸다. 배액률 30%를 기준으로 급액하면 배액률 10% 기준으로 급액하였을 때보다 과중이 21% 증가하였다. 더스트의 비율이 높은 3:7 배지는 5:5 배지보다 용기용수량, 공극 률 등 배지 물리성이 우수하였고, 재배 기간 중 네트발 현기 이후 배액 EC가 3.0-6.8dS·m-1로 높은 값을 나타내 었다. 재배 품종 특성 및 재배 조건 등을 고려하여 적정한 양수분 관리를 하면 코이어 배지를 이용한 수경재배 시 고품질의 멜론을 생산할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

We investigated the correlation between density of air and the infection rate of airborne microorganisms in mushroom cultivation facilities and found that the correlation was low in places where the infection rate during cultivation was less than 1%. The farms with an infection rate of 2~5% showed a high infection rate in the inoculation room in spring and summer seasons, and in the incubation room in autumn, and the farms with an infection rate of more than 6% showed infection in all the rooms regardless of the season. The farms where the Trichoderma sp. was investigated at the time of the mushroom cultivation showed the highest infection rates of 3.17%, 2.74%, and 2.64% in summer, spring, and autumn, respectively. The farms infected with Neurospora tetrasperma showed a lesser rate of infection than the ones infected with Trichoderma sp., and the highest infection rate of 0.56% was observed in summer. Based on these results, the type of infection could be classified into five groups, where type I was farms where the infection rate is less than 1% in all seasons. Three farms belonged to this type, and the infection rate in this type was lower than that in the other types.

봄철 천식환자 가정집 9곳에서 실내 공기를 포집하여 부유진균의 농도 및 다양성을 조사하였다. 조사된 천식환자 가정집의 평균 부유진균 농도는 거실 143 CFU/m³, 방 142 CFU/m³ 이었으며 외기보다 낮았다. 이는 다중이용시설 실내공기질 기준법의 권고기준 기준치 500 CFU/m³를 초과하지 않았음을 보여준다. 총 59균주를 분리하였으며 5속 33종으로 동정하였다. 이 중 병원균으로서 인체에 위해성을 가지고 있는 진균은 4속 12종이었다. 동정된 종 중 Cladosporium crousii, Penicillium maximae, Aspergillus protuberus는 국내에 보고되지 않은 미기록 진균 종으로 확인하였다. 이 중 A. protuberus는 국외에서 인체에 질병을 유발시키는 균으로 알려진 진균이다. 이상의 결과는 천식환자 가정에서 진균의 관리는 정량적 수준에서뿐만 아니라 유해종을 파악하여 관리하는 정성적인 수준에서도 이루어져야 함을 제시한다. 본 연구는 봄철 천식환자 가정집에 존재하는 실내 공기 중 부유진균의 농도 및 다양성에 대한 최초의 연구이다.

During the breeding season, some Eurasian Oystercatchers (Haematopus ostralegus osculans) in Yubu Island foraged in the open mudflat area nearby the breeding ground, instead of the tide water line area, main feeding site throughout the year. We found significant differences in foraging behavior and prey species diversity between the two different feeding site types. Even though the birds took more steps for most probably searching preys, their feeding success was much lower in the open mudflat area than the tide water line area. The multiple peck and boring methods were more frequently adopted to catch polychaetes on the open mudflat area, whereas the single peck method was dominant and gastropods and bivalves were main preys in the tide water line area. This study suggests that the bird shows flexible foraging strategy of shifting feeding site, foraging behavior and preys for better reproductive success.

The objective of this study is to find a way to enhance winter traffic safety. This study has four main contents as follows. Firstly, the characteristic of winter traffic during the snowfall was examined in terms of traffic capacity, travel speed and standard deviation of travel speed. Next, the winter culture including prerequisites for driving and driving skills as well as the standard for snow removal were reviewed. Then, the cases of traffic management in UK, Germany and Japan were reviewed. Finally, the countermeasures to enhance the traffic safety were examined. After that, the variable sectional enforcement for speeding was proposed as a countermeasure to enhance traffic safety by reducing severe travel speed variation. The criteria for the operation of the variable sectional enforcement for speeding were set from 20% to 50% reduction of speed, depending on the amount of snowfall. The sections in which the accidents happened often during the snowfall were considered as the locations to implement the variable sectional enforcement for speeding.

This study investigated the chemical composition of burdock (Arctium lappa L.) leaves essential oil, and the quantitative changes of the major terpene compounds according to the specific harvesting season. The essential oils obtained by the hydrodistillation extraction (HDE) method from the aerial parts of the burdock leaves were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The essential oil composition of this plant was characterized by the higher content of phytol and 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone. Seventy seven (98.28%) volatile flavor compounds were identified in the essential oil from the burdock leaves harvested during the spring season of 2012, and phytol (33.47%) and 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (32.47%) were the most abundant compounds. Eighty eight (99.08%) compounds were identified in the essential oil from the leaves harvested during the autumn season of 2012, and in this case, phytol (37.35%) and 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (34.67%) were also the most abundant compounds. These two volatile components were confirmed as the major oil components of the burdock leaves during the time of any harvest. The ratio between the two components contained in the burdock essential oils did not differ significantly by harvesting season. But overall, the essential oil harvested during the spring season contained 65.94% of the two major components, while for the essential oil harvested during the autumn season, the total amount of these two major components was 72.02%. While the main ingredients of the essential oils were found to be unchanged from one harvest time to the next, it was found to differ in content. For the burdock leaves, the quality index of the volatile constituents according to the harvest time would be more useful for utilizing the total quantity other than the proportion between phytol and 6,10,4-trimethyl-2-pentadecone.