Natural Artemisia extraction was extracted from Artemisia component using diethyl ether as a solvent, and we tested various pharmacetical and chemical characteristics of this extract. Characteristic experiments to use natural Artemisia extract tested antimicrobial experiment using microbe in pharmacetical material, and tested dye experiment using fiber in chemical material. From the result of characteristics experiment, some conclusions are obtained as follow. From the result of extraction experiment, it obtained about 10.4%-Artemisia extraction ratio as semi-solid state, and after dried in freezing from Artemisia extract of semi-solid state, it obtained about 10%-Artemisia extraction ratio as solid state of dark blue-green color. From result of antimicrobial experiment of Artemisia extract, number of staphylococcus aureus (ATCC-01) and aspergillus niger (ATCC-02) in microbe decreased more and more according to time passage. This phenomenon showed that Artemisia extract influences to antimicrobial effect. From the result of dye experiment of Artemisia extract, it appeared in direction of dark blue-green color after dyed to use cotton and silk with fiber to control in pH 7.5. Specially the result which confirmed dye of fiber with optical electron microscope (OEM), we could know that it appears darker silk than cotton.

Three-dimensional, statistical-mechanical formulations of problems are usually untractable analytically, and therefore they are commonly solved numerically. However, their one-dimensional counterparts are always to be solved analytically. In general analytical solutions sheds more insights to the problems than numerical solutions. Hence, solutions of one-dimensional problems may provide key properties to the problems, when they are extended to three dimensions. In this article, thermodynamic properties of one-dimensional fluid comprising molecules of rigid rods are analyzed statistical-mechanically. Molecules of rigid rods are characterized with repulsive or excluded volume effect. It is observed that this feature is well reflected in thermodynamic functions such as Helmholtz free energy. volumetric equation of state. chemical potential, entropy, etc.

We proposed the new nano-carbon ball (NCB) materials for eliminating the total volatile organic compounds(TVOCs) from the felt which is built in the car. The concentrations of acetaldehyde and formaldehyde of the original felts were varied upon the different production lots. Acetaldehyde in the felt can be eliminated to target level(0.2μg) after introducing 0.5 wt% of NCB into the felt. Detector tube method for analyzing formaldehyde gas was more accurate than HPLC method. Formaldehyde can be eliminated to target level (64 ppb) after introducing 0.5 wt% of NCB into the felt. We also found that TVOC can be reduced to target level (0.32μg) after introducing 2.0 wt% of NCB. Upon introducing small amounts of NCB into the felt, it was possible that the level of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and TVOC formed from the felts can be reduced to the target level. We also suggest the effective analyzing method of TVOCs.

This study is focused on the synthesis of urea and amide derivatives particularly, since the amide moiety is an essential binding group at the binding site. Urea derivatives 3-7 and 13-14 were obtained by reaction of 2-aminopyrimidines and other amines with diverse isocyanates in pyridine as a solvent under reflux. The urea derivatives were obtained in low yield because of the highly electron deficient nature of the amino group of the 2-aminopyrimidine. Amide derivatives 8-10 were obtained in moderate yields by reaction of compound 1 with aryl chloride derivatives. Also, arylamine 11 was synthesized by Buchwald-Hartwig amination in moderate yields. Most of the compound did not show good activity against A375P melanoma cells, compared with Sorafenib as control compound.

본 논문에서는 청색 인광 발광 물질인 bis(3,5-Difluoro-2-(2-pyridyl)phenyl-(2-carboxypyridyl) iridium (III) (Flrpic)과 녹색 인광 발광 물질인 fac-tris(2-phenypyridine) irdium(III) (Ir(ppy)3)와 적색 인광 발광 물질인 his(5-benzoyl-2-phenylpyridinato-C,N)iridium(III) (acetylacetonate) ((Bzppy)2Ir(acac))를 각각 적층하여 백색 유기 발광 다이오드를 제작하였고, 각각의 발광층 사이에 혼합된 스페이서인 4,4'-N,N'-dicarbazole-biphenyl (CBP):4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BPhen)을 적층하여 그 때의 영향에 대하여 연구하였다. 최적화된 구조에서의 전력 효율은 0.014 mA/cm2에서의 19.7 lm/w를 나타내었으며, 0.127 mA/cm2에서의 11.5%의 외부 양자 효율을 나타내었고, 8 V에서 Commission Internationale do I'Eclairage (CIEx,y) coordinates (x=0.36, y=0.44)의 색좌표를 나타내었다.

Curing behavior and structural property of an inorganic compound added urea-formaldehyde(UF) and urea-melamine-formaldehyde(UMF) were studied. In addition, tensile strength and formaldehyde emission of plywoods made of those resin binders were studied. Curing temperature and structure were not changed, but tensile strengths of plywoods manufactured both with a UF resin and a UMF resin were decreased slightly as increased amount of inorganic compound. Formaldehyde emissions from plywoods were reduced as increased amount of inorganic compound. Wheat flour as an extender was helped to reduce of formaldehyde emission. From the result of this study it might be estimated that using appropriate amount of inorganic compound and proper resin system can be strengthened bond strength and reduced formaldehyde emission.

This study investigated the effect of kilning condfition on the diastatic power and activities of protease, α-amylase, and β-amylase in rice malt. Common rice (Oryza sativa) was steeped at 30℃ for 50 h, germinated at 30℃ for 7 days, and kilned at 50℃ for 24 h. The moisture content and enzymatic activities were determined under various kilning times. As a result, the moisture content was reduced from 42.1 % to 3.9% after 24 h of kilning at 50℃. The protease activity of rice malt showed lower value than that of barley malt. All enzymatic activities were decreased during the kilning stage. Results indicated that after prolonged kilning at 50℃, the inactivation of hydrolytic enzymes might be occurred. Even though the amylolytic activity of malted rice showed low value, the rice malt shows the potential characteristics as ingredient for the brewing and cereal industries.

Nowadays, Tra catfish fat is given attention as an appropriate material for biodiesel production in Vietnam. The aim of this work is to investigate the optimal conditions of refining biodiesel and recovering glycerin by the transesterification from Tra catfish fat using KOH catalyst. As our results, the yield of transesterification was achieved to 94.17% at 50℃ for 45 min with 6:1 molar ratio of methanol to fat in the presence of 0.8% KOH catalyst, and wherein the biodiesel was refined by washing with distilled water at 70℃ and dried in a microwave oven. The yield of raw glycerin recoveries from the transesterification process was 78.58%. The purity of raw glycerin was 84.14% by the conditions of neutralization state with H3PO4 solution (pH = 5), 70℃, and 60 min. Activated carbon (3.0 wt.%) was used for the bleaching process at 80℃ for 20 min. The biodiesel was obtained in accordance with for ASTM D 6751 (biodiesel standard). The ash and water of raw glycerins were 7.32 and 8.01%, respectively, and implied that the raw glycerin is very promising candidate to be used as a raw material for textile and cosmetic industries.

It is well understood that developing new drugs is one of the highest value-added businesses in a country; however, the current governments' spending in pharmaceutical research and development(R&D) is minimal in Korea. This paper suggests that different governmental bodies should take in charge of different stages of the R&D process in order to maximize the use of limited government research funding. First, during the initial phase of the drug development, including clinical trials, the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology is the most appropriate governmental organization to support the research. For later procedures such as supporting the industries for exporting developed drugs, legislative approvals, and building infrastructure for future clinical trials should be supported by the Ministry of Knowledge and Economy and the Ministry of Health and Welfare along with the Korea Food and Drug Administration(KFDA). The KFDA, which is the main governmental agency approving newly developed drugs in the market, will need to take a crucial responsibility in the initial phase of the pharmaceutical R&D by guiding the industries with timely and proper information. As a first step, it is recommended to set up and operate a center for supporting new drugs, so that the industries can facilitate the development of marketable drugs which meet customers' needs. Later, in order to expedite the process of exporting and getting approvals of the newly developed drugs from foreign countries, it is necessary to develop new approval system, which includes introduction of the Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP), mandatory validation system, and education program for supporting expertise. Lastly, the KFDA needs to take an active role in developing Korean pharmaceutical industries by communicating with other foreign governments with regards to the globalization of the Korean pharmaceutical industries. For example, as a follow up after the Free Trade Agreement(FTA), active discussion on GLP of Mutual Recognition Agreement(MRA) with the United States of America, should be seriously considered.

In order to fine antioxidant and whitening agent source from nature, the comparisons of antioxidative activity and tyrosinase inhibitory activity were carried out for various ethanol extract on Polygoni Multiflori Radix, Polygonati Rhizoma and Ephedrae Herba. Comparing for three ethanol extracts, the highest electron donating ability was found at Polygonati Rhizoma (86.6%), but, the highest SOD-like ability, at the Ephedrae Herba (47.8%). Xanthine oxidase experiment exhibited 95.7% of hindrance effect in Ephedrae Herba, and 84.0% in Polygonati Rhizoma. A tyrosinase inhibitory activity assay was conducted to evaluate the whitening effects of the extracts, The tyrosinase inhibitory activity was 6.5% in the Polygoni Multiflori Radix, 32.6% in the Polygonati Rhizoma, 64.0% in the Ephedrae Herba. Based on these results, we suggest that the ethanol extracts of Polygoni Multiflori Radix, Polygonati Rhizoma and Ephedrae Herba can be used as food and cosmetic ingredients.

To prepare a solution type acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive, quarter polymers were synthesized from butyl acrylate(BA), 2-ethylhexylacrylate(2-EHA) as a base monomer, methyl methacrylate(MMA) as a comonomer, each of methacrylic acid(MAA), acrylic acid(AA) as a functional monomer. Acrylic solution type pressure-sensitive adhesives(PSA's) of isocyanate derivative crosslinking PSA's were prepared by crosslinking of BEMM, BEMA with toluene-2,4-diisocyanate. The structure of adhesive was identified by FT-IR. The viscosity was measured by using Brookfield DV-III and molecular weight was measured by using gel permeation chromatography. The physical properties of polyethylene film coated with BEMMT, BEMAT were measured as a function of the concentration. As the result, BEMMT(0.6, 0.8), BEMAT(0.6) showed peel adhesion of 160~180 gf/25 mm width and shear adhesion of more than 24 hours, and tackiness of 4/32~6/32 which was relevant to commercial usage.

In this study, positive plates of lead acid battery of Pb-Ca alloy and Pb-Ca-Sn alloy were fabricated and the mechanical characteristics of positive plates were measured. This study observed how the changes of content of Ca & Sn affect interface corrosion which is located in between grid & active materials and lead acid batteries as well. The mechanical characteristics of grid alloy is better when Ca is 0.05 wt.% then 0.1 wt.%. This study said that the corrosion rate between the active material based on the charge/discharge cycle of lead acid battery and grid interface is much faster than a grid which contains Sn. And furthermore, according to the study the rate 30 of Sn/Ca which is added to grid shows the best performance.

We make high-functional inorganic-composite pearlescent pigment material that coated with carmine on the plate-type particle such as mica. In this experiment, we synthesized composite powder using pH control precipitation method. We make an experiment with changing as synthesis factors that are concentrations of starting material and precipitation materials. We analyzed pearlescent powder's shape, and crystallization with FE-SEM, XRD, and EDS. Optimum condition for preparation of carmine coated mica pearlescent pigment is pH 4.5~5.5.

This research is related to the process of refining the raw material, industrial 2-propanone to the 2-propanone of the electronic grade. With this view, the high purity of 2-propanone was obtained through the complex preprocessing(physical adsorption method), distillation process and membrane-filtration of distillate. Impurities were identified by GC and UV, and then we assayed the water content in 2-propanone passing adsorption step made of activated carbon and Zeolite 4A. Furthermore, the distillation was performed with the packed column distillation apparatus to eliminate impurities such as acetaldehyde. Particulates were removed by reduced-pressure filtration through 0.5μm membrane filter and the number of the particulates was measured by particulate counter to confirm the removal of impure particles.

To investigate the synergy effect on the pyrolysis of mixture of polyethylene(PE) and polystyrene(PS), the pyrolysis of PE, PS and the mixture of PE-PS was carried out in a batch reactor at the atmospheric pressure and 450℃. The pyrolysis time was from 20 to 80 mins. The liquid products formed during pyrolysis were classified into gas, gasoline, kerosene, gas oil and heavy oil according to the distillation temperatures based on the petroleum product quality standard of Korea Institute of Petroleum Quality. The analysis of the product oils by GC/MS showed that the new components produced by mixing were not detected. The synergy effect according to mixing of PE and PS did not also appear. The conversion and yield of mixtures were in proportion to the mixing ratio of sample.

The acrylic coating emulsions were prepared by the emulsion polymerization to protect the surface of steel plate from the corrosion chemicals like acid, base and salt water. MMA(methyl methacrylate), styrene, BA(butyl acrylate), and 2-HEMA(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) were used as monomer. KPS(potassium persulfate) and SBS(sodium bisulfite) as redox initiator and SDBS(sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate) as emulsifier were used on the emulsion polymerization reaction. The most stable in-situ coating was obtained when 10% of MMA was added. Both particle size and quantity in emulsion were decreased as increasing the mount of SDBS. the most stable prepared coating emulsion with polyisocyanate crosslinker showed very high anticorrosion properties on the coated steel layer to salt water, whereas no significant improvement of anticorrosion property to acdic and basic condition it showed.

It is inevitable to use chemical germicidal agents like paraben, imidazolidinyl urea and phenoxyethanol to preserve the emulsions which is usually used in cosmetics. Although these chemical preservatives are good enough to reduce the microbiological contamination, they are irritative, allergenic to the skin. Several kinds of polyols are used in cosmetics as moisturizer and solvent. In this study, we evaluate the effects of polyols on anti-microbial activities, safety and resistant index. MIC(minimal inhibitory concentration) of polyols determined against 6 germs including Staphylococcus aureus. The order of MIC was PG ≅ DPG ≅ 1,3BG 〉 HG 〉 1,2-PD 〉 1,2-HD ≅ 1,2-OD. The 2~3 wt% of 1,2-HD(hexanediol) shows good anti-microbial effects in emulsions without allergenic response. Resistant index of 1,2-HD was less than 2 and this value was smaller than that of chemical preservatives. The mechanism of antimicrobilogical effect might be disturb the membrane of germs by investigating using electron microscope. Added to that, using this paradigm, low preservative contents, paraben-free system, and even preservative-free systems can be expected from these results.

The synthesis of cyclic carbonate from butyl glycidyl ether (BGE) and carbon dioxide was performed in the presence of three different types of ionic liquid : quarternary ammonium salt, alkyl pyridinium salt, and alkylimidazolium salt. Ionic liquids of different alkyl groups (C3, C4, C6 and C8) and anions (Cl-, Br- and I-) were used for the reaction which was carried out in a batch autoclave reactor at 60~120℃. The catalytic activity was increased with increasing alkyl chain length in the order of C3 〈 C4 〈 C6. But the ionic liquid with longer alkyl chain length (C8) decreased the conversion of BGE because it is too bulky to form an intermediate with BGE. For the counter anion of the ionic liquid catalysts, the BGE conversion decreased in the order Cl- 〉 Br- 〉 I-.

Methyl methacrylate(MMA) was grafted onto microcrystalline cellulose(MCC) with ceric ammonium nitrate(CAN) as a redox initiator at the various conditions. The cellulose triacetate(CTA) composite films added MCC and MMA-grafted MCC powders were prepared on a glass plate. The graft yield(GY) and graft efficiency(GE) of the grafted MCC were calculated with the simple equations by the weight balance method. The double bond of C=O on the grafted MCC surfaces was confirmed by the fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflection(FT-IT ATR) spectrophotometer. After grafting, the degree of crystallinity of cellulose powders was decresed by judging from x-ray diffraction(XRD) data. Scanning electron microscope(SEM) photos showed the only solvent and CAN solution could change the roughness of MCC powders and the effect of powder dispersions in composite matrix. The tensile strength of MCC/CTA composite films was decreased with increase of MCC powder contents. When 5% grafted MCC was added, the tensile strength of grafted MCC/CTA composite films was increased from 82.3 MPa to 97.2 MPa. The thermal property of powders was also analyzed by the thermogravimetric analysis(TGA).

Essential fatty acids (EFA) are fatty acids that must be obtained from the diet because they can not be biosynthesized by human or animals. Gamma fatty acids contain gamma-linolenic acid (GLA, 18:3n-6) and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DHGLA, 20:3n-6) as intermediate metabolites of linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6), which is an EFA found in vegetable oils. GLA is an important essential fatty acid that is required by human and animals to function normally. Recently, studies have indicated that GLA may be an essential component of the cell membrane, as well as an active component of dietary supplements and medicine. GLA must beadministered through the diet because it is converted into DHGLA in the body quickly and completely. DHGLA is a key material involved in the metabolism of LA. GLA is biosysthesized by the rate limiting step of δc6-desaturase, which is an enzyme that desaturates LA, there by allowing it to be converted into DHGLA via chain elongation. In addition, DHGLA exerts bioactive effects via action as a precursor of eicosanoid series 1. Breast milk contains an abundant amount of GLA; however, GLA is also available directly in evening primrose oil, black currant seed oil, borage oil and hemp seed oil. In addition, GLA enriched animal and plant can be produced using biotechnology, and highly pure GLA can be extracted using supercritical fluids, such as supercritical carbon dioxide, which will allow economically feasible production of GLA for use in medicines.