최근 국내외 화장품과 식품산업에서 다양하게 사용되어 지고 있는 콜라겐 단백질 제품은 점차 그 용도와 특성에 따라 보다 고도화, 기능화 되어 가고 있다. 피부 건강의 지표인 콜라겐은 다양한 용도로 개발되어 사용되고 있으 며, 콜라겐의 소비가 증가함에 따라 용도에 적합한 최적 화된 콜라겐 제품의 개발이 중요한 연구 분야이다. 특히 여러 기업과 연구기관들에 의해서 콜라겐의 흡수율을 높 이기 위한 다양한 노력이 이루어지고 있다. 따라서 본 연 구에서는 프란즈(Franz) 세포 시스템을 이용하여 국내에서 판매되는 다양한 분자량별 콜라겐 제품의 경피 및 구강 상피세포 투과성을 비교하였다. 그 결과, 피부 표피/진피 조직과 비교하여 구강점막 조직의 콜라겐 흡수율이 분자 량 500달톤과 1,000달톤의 경우 모두 통계적으로 유의하 게(각각 약 10배, 2배) 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 또한, 분 자량별 구강점막 조직 흡수율을 비교한 결과, 분자량 500 달톤의 콜라겐이 분자량 1,000달톤 제품에 비해 흡수율이 2-3배 증가함을 확인하였다. 분자량 500달톤의 경우 Cmax 와 AUCt 값이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 피부 표피/진피 세 포에 비해 구강점막세포 시험군의 모든 지표가 높은 것으 로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과는 피부 흡수보다는 구강 점막 세포를 통한 콜라겐의 흡수방법이 콜라겐 체내 흡수증가 에 유효한 수단임을 시사하며, 분자량 1,000달톤 이하에서 도 보다 더 작은 500달톤의 저분자 콜라겐의 흡수율이 증 가되는 것으로 보아 콜라겐의 분자량이 흡수율 증가의 주 요한 요소임을 확인할 수 있었다.

The lithium-ion battery has been utilized in various fields including energy storage system, portable electronic devices and electric vehicles due to their high energy and power densities, low self-discharge, and long cycle-life performances. However, despite of various research on electrode materials, there is a lack of research on developing of binder to replace conventional polymer-based binding materials. In this work, petroleum pitch (MP-50)/polymer (polyurethane, PU) composite binder for lithium-ion battery has fabricated not only to use as a binding material, but also to re-place conventional polymer-based binder. The MP-50/PU composite binder has also prepared to various ratios between petroleum pitch and polymer to optimize the physical and electro-chemical performance of the lithium-ion battery based on the MP-50/PU composite binder. The physical and electrochemical performances of the MP-50/PU composite binder-based lithium-ion battery were evaluated using a universal testing machine (UTM), charge/discharge test. As a result, lithium-ion battery based on the MP-50/PU composite (5:5, mass ratio) binder showed optimized performances with 1.53 gf mm− 1 of adhesion strength, 341 mAh g− 1 of specific discharge capacity and 99.5% of ICE value.

Vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) is a core feature of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which are commonly referred to as drones. In emerging smart logistics, drones are expected to play an increasingly important role as mobile platforms. Therefore, research on last-mile delivery using drones is on the rise. There is a growing trend toward providing drone delivery services, particularly among retailers that handle small and lightweight items. However, there is still a lack of research on a structural definition of the VTOL drone flight model for multi-point delivery service. This paper describes a VTOL drone flight route structure for a multi-drone delivery service using rotary-wing type VTOL drones. First, we briefly explore the factors to be considered when providing drone delivery services. Second, a VTOL drone flight route model is introduced using the idea of the nested graph. Based on the proposed model, we describe various time-related attributes for delivery services using drones and present corresponding calculation methods. Additionally, as an application of the drone route model and the time attributes, we comprehensively describe a simple example of the multi-drone delivery for first-come-first-served (FCFS) services.

Human bitter taste-sensing type 2 receptors (hTAS2Rs) are expressed in various human tissues and may be associated with various cell signaling pathways, cell progression, and cell physiology in each tissue. hTAS2Rs can be a potential drug target because it is also expressed in some cancer cells. Xanthorrhizol (XNT) has various biological activities, such as anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. XNT produces a bitter taste, but the specific hTAS2R activated is unknown, and the hTAS2R-mediated effect of XNT on cancer cells has not been studied. This study discovered the target receptor of XNT among 25 hTAS2Rs and confirmed the possibility of the hTAS2R-mediated inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. XNT activated only one receptor, hTAS2R38 (EC50=1.606±0.021 g/mL), and its activity was inhibited by probenecid, a hTAS2R38 antagonist. When HepG2 and MCF-7 cells were treated with XNT or phenylthiocarbamide (PTC), a known hTAS2R38 agonist, both chemicals inhibited cancer cell proliferation. XNT targets the human bitter taste receptor TAS2R38 and inhibits the proliferation of HepG2 and MCF-7 cells mediated by TAS2R38. This suggests that TAS2R38 may be a new target for disease treatment and a potential new factor for drug development.

This study focuses on the path planning algorithm for large-scale autonomous delivery using drones and robots in urban environments. When generating delivery routes in urban environments, it is essential that avoid obstacles such as buildings, parking lots, or any other obstacles that could cause property damage. A commonly used method for obstacle avoidance is the grid-based A* algorithm. However, in large-scale urban environments, it is not feasible to set the resolution of the grid too high. If the grid cells are not sufficiently small during path planning, inefficient paths might be generated when avoiding obstacles, and smaller obstacles might be overlooked. To solve these issues, this study proposes a method that initially creates a low-resolution wide-area grid and then progressively reduces the grid cell size in areas containing registered obstacles to maintain real-time efficiency in generating paths. To implement this, obstacles in the operational area must first be registered on the map. When obstacle information is updated, the cells containing obstacles are processed as a primary subdivision, and cells closer to the obstacles are processed as a secondary subdivision. This approach is validated in a simulation environment and compared with the previous research according to the computing time and the path distance.

목적 : 치과에서 광중합기 사용 시 착색 안경렌즈가 청색광으로부터 눈을 보호하기 위해 사용하는 큐링실드를 대용할 수 있는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 광중합기 부착형인 큐링실드와 염료의 색과 착색 시간을 달리한 착색 렌즈들의 광투과율을 측정하였다. 결과 : 큐링실드의 청색광과 가시광선 투과율이 각각 0.63%와 48.88%로 나타났다, 60분과 90분 동안 착색한 오렌지색 착색 렌즈의 청색광 투과율은 각각 0.82%와 0.59%, 가시광선 투과율은 48.14%와 47.50%로 큐링실드와 비슷하게 나타났다. 90분 동안 착색된 노란색 착색 렌즈의 청색광 투과율은 12.43%, 가시광선 투과율은 56.94% 이었다. 60분 이상 착색된 갈색과 회색 착색 렌즈의 청색광 투과율은 2.00% 미만이었고 가시광선 투과율은 25.00% 미만이었다. 결론 : 오렌지색 착색 렌즈는 청색광 차단효과가 우수하고 큐링실드와 비슷한 밝기를 확보할 수 있어서 큐링실 드를 대체할 수 있으리라 본다. 노란색 착색 렌즈는 착색 시간을 90분보다 더 길게 한 추가연구가 필요해 보인다. 갈색과 회색 착색 렌즈에서 큐링실드와 유사한 청색광차단 효과를 얻으려면 밝기가 어두워지는 문제를 고려해야 할 것으로 보인다.

목적 : 본 연구는 안경광학과 재학생들의 안경사 윤리의식 인식정도를 파악하여 안경사로서의 윤리의식을 높일 수 있는 방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 방법 : 본 연구에서는 안경광학과 재학생 94명을 대상으로 직업윤리, 근로윤리 및 공동체윤리에 대한 인식도를 설문 조사하여 분석하였고, 각 항목 간의 상관관계는 Pearson 상관분석을 이용하였다. 결과 : 직업윤리에 대한 인식도 문항 중에서는 “직업의 의미를 설명할 수 있다”가 3.35±1.41점으로 가장 높은 점수를 보였다. 근로윤리에 대한 인식도 문항 중에서는 “정직의 의미를 설명할 수 있다”가 3.53±0.76점으로 가장 높은 점수를 보였다. 공동체윤리에 대한 인식도 문항 중에서는 “봉사의 의미를 설명할 수 있다”가 3.54±0.74점으 로 가장 높은 점수를 보였다. 직업윤리 인식도가 가장 높은 “직업의 의미를 설명할 수 있다”는 문항과 공동체윤리 인식도가 가장 높은 “봉사의 의미를 설명할 수 있다”는 문항 사이에는 양의 상관관계(r=0.52, p<0.001)가 나타났 다. 또한, 근로윤리 인식도가 가장 높은 “정직의 의미를 설명할 수 있다”는 문항과 공동체윤리 인식도가 가장 높은 “봉사의 의미를 설명할 수 있다”는 문항 사이에서도 양의 상관관계(r=0.72, p<0.001)가 나타났다. 결론 : 안경광학과 재학생들의 안경사 윤리의식 인식 정도가 타 직업군에 비해 낮게 나타났다. 따라서 졸업 후 임상에서 윤리적 책임을 완벽하게 수행하기 위해서는 세분화되고 체계적인 안경사 윤리교육의 내실화가 필요하다 고 생각된다.

Fueled by international efforts towards AI standardization, including those by the European Commission, the United States, and international organizations, this study introduces a AI-driven framework for analyzing advancements in drone technology. Utilizing project data retrieved from the NTIS DB via the “drone” keyword, the framework employs a diverse toolkit of supervised learning methods (Keras MLP, XGboost, LightGBM, and CatBoost) enhanced by BERTopic (natural language analysis tool). This multifaceted approach ensures both comprehensive data quality evaluation and in-depth structural analysis of documents. Furthermore, a 6T-based classification method refines non-applicable data for year-on-year AI analysis, demonstrably improving accuracy as measured by accuracy metric. Utilizing AI’s power, including GPT-4, this research unveils year-on-year trends in emerging keywords and employs them to generate detailed summaries, enabling efficient processing of large text datasets and offering an AI analysis system applicable to policy domains. Notably, this study not only advances methodologies aligned with AI Act standards but also lays the groundwork for responsible AI implementation through analysis of government research and development investments.

Over the past decade, there has been global expansion in the advancement of underwater cleaning technology for ship hulls. This methodology ensures both diver safety and operational efficiency. However, recent attention has been drawn to the harmful effects of ship hull-cleaning wastewater on marine animals. It is anticipated that this wastewater may have various impacts on a wide range of organisms, potentially leading to populationand ecosystem-relevant alterations. This concern is especially significant when the wastewater affects functionally important species, such as aquaculture animals and habitat-forming species living in coastal regions, where underwater cleaning platforms are commonly established. Despite this, information on the ecotoxicological effects of this wastewater remains limited. In this mini review, we discuss the adverse effects of wastewater from in-water cleaning processes, as well as the current challenges and limitations in regulating and mitigating its potential toxicity. Overall, recent findings underscore the detrimental effects posed by sublethal levels of wastewater to the health status of aquatic animals under both acute and chronic exposure.

To ensure a systematic and integrated approach to defense safety management, individual safety management regulations have been consolidated into the National Defense Safety Directive. However, despite being enacted after the enforcement of the Severe Accident Punishment Act, the National Defense Safety Directive does not incorporate the contents of the Serious Accident Punishment Act. This omission is likely to cause confusion in safety management. In this paper, a PDCA analysis of the Severe Accident Punishment Act and the National Defense Safety Directive was conducted to identify area for improvement and supplementation in the Directive. Chapter 3 proposes amendments to clearly define the scope and responsibilities of safety management, implement serious accident prevention measures and inspections, and establish the penalties for those involved. These amendments aim to ensure faithful compliance with the Severe Accident Punishment Act. Chapter 4 emphasizes the implementation and inspection of risk assessments to enhance the effectiveness of safety accident prevention and preparation, thereby ensuring the completeness of the PDCA cycle.