전분과 구연산 사이의 다중 에스테르화반응에 의한 starch citrate의 저항전분 함량에 대한 반응압출성형조건들의 영향을 조사하였으며, 이들의 페이스팅 점도 특성을 조사하여 산업적 활용도가 높은 starch citrate를 제조할 수 있는 반응조건을 탐색하였다. 반응압출성형에 의한 starch citrate를 제조하기 위해 성형노즐을 제거한 쌍축압출성형기를 사용하여 반응온도, 스크류 회전속도, 반응혼합물의 쌍축압출성형기 통과횟수를 변수로 하였다. 반응온도가 높아지면서, 스크류 회전속도가 느려지면서, 쌍축압출성형기 통과횟수가 증가하면서 starch citrate의 저항전분 함량은 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 40% 구연산 농도의 반응혼합물을 150oC와 스크류 회전속도 10 rpm의 쌍축압출성형기를 5회 통과시킬 때 90%의 저항전분을 보유한 starch citrate를 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 40% 구연산 농도의 반응혼합물을 150oC와 스크류 회전속도 50 rpm의 쌍축압출성형기를 5회 통과시킬 때 58%의 저항전분을 보유한 starch citrate를 얻을 수 있었으며, 이는 유의적인 페이스팅 점도를 발달시켜 높은 저항전분 함량에도 불구하고 가공적성이 우수한 starch citrate를 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 starch citrate의 제조 시 전통적으로 사용되는 컨백션 오븐 보다는 쌍축압출성형기를 사용하는 것이 가공적성이 우수한 starch citrate를 제조할 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 따라서 본 연구에서 보고한 50%(s.b) 이상의 저항전분을 보유하면서도 페이스팅 점도 특성을 잃지 않은 starch citrate와 쌍축압출성형기를 활용한 starch citrate 제조기법들은 산업적 활용도 높을 것으로 예상되며 기존의 저항전분 소재들을 대체할 수 있는 잠재력이 높은 저항전분 소재일 것으로 생각된다.

목적: 이 연구는 마케팅 수단의 관점에서 렌즈 회사가 제공하는 방문교육에 안경사들이 얼마나 만족하는지를 알아보기 위하여 실시되었다. 방법: 서울 경기 지역의 현장 안경사 102명을 대상으로 대면 설문 조사를 실시하여 그 결과를 분석하였다. 결과: 안경사의 2/3 가량이 방문교육을 경험한 적이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 안경사들은 대체로 방문교육에 만족하였으며 매출증대에 도움이 된다고 생각하고 있었다. 방문교육에서 렌즈에 대한 전문지식을 얻기를 가장 바랐으며, 일부 강사의 낮은 자질이나 지나친 제품광고에는 불만을 나타냈다. 결론: 방문교육은 렌즈 회사 입장에서 유효한 마케팅 방법이다. 더 나은 방문교육을 위하여 렌즈 회사는 제품에 대한 전문적인 지식을 중심으로 교육내용을 개발하고, 교육 강사의 질을 높이며, 자사 제품에 대한 지나친 홍보는 지양해야 할 것이다.

경제적이고 우수한 핵확산저항성을 갖는 파이로공정의 핵심 단위공정인 전해제련 공정에서 U와 TRU를 동시에 회수하기 위해 환원전극으로써 LCC가 사용된다. 한가지 원소만을 회수하는 금속음극과는 달리 LCC는 전기화학적으로 U와 TRU의 선택적 분리가 어려워 핵확산저항성을 높이는 기술의 핵심이라고 할 수 있다. LCC를 담아놓는 LCC 도가니는 U나 TRU로만 전착되어야하기 때문에 도가니는 전기적으로 절연되어야 한다. LCC와의 안정성과 회수된 TRU 및 용융염과의 화학적 안전성은 물론 공정 중 전착될 수 있는 금속 Li과의 반응성도 고려되어야하므로 LCC 도가니의 소재 특성은 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 Al2O3, MgO, Y2O3, BeO 네 가지 대체 세라믹 소재의 화학적 안정성을 500℃에서 모의 LCC로 열역학적 및 실험적으로 평가하였다. 세라믹 기판 위의 LCC 접촉각은 화학적 반응성을 예측하기 위해 시간에 따라 측정하였다. Al2O3는 가장 낮은 화학적 안정성 갖고 BeO는 재료 내에 존재하는 기공은 접촉각감소에 영향을 주었다. MgO, Y2O3는 우수한 화학적 안정성을 나타내었다.

A nearshore current or a wave-induced current is an important phenomenon in a nearshore zone, which is composed of longshore, cross-shore, and rip currents. The nearshore current is closely related to the occurrence of coastal accidents by beachgoers. A considerable number of coastal accidents by beachgoers involving the rip current have been reported at Jungmun Beach. However, in studies and observations of the nearshore current of Jungmun Beach, understanding of the rip current pattern remains unclear. In this study, a scientific approach is taken to understand the nearshore current and the rip current patterns at Jungmun Beach by numerical computation for year of 2015. From results of numerical computation, the occurrence and spatial characteristics of the rip current, and the similarities between the rip current and incident wave conditions are analyzed. The primary results of this study reveal that the rip currents are frequently generated at Jungmun Beach, especially in the western parts of the beach, and that the rip currents often occur with a wave breaking height of around 0.5 ~ 0.7 m, a wave period of around 6 ~ 8 seconds, and a breaking angle of around 0 ~ 15 degrees.

This study investigated the nutrients and anti-nutrients of produced resveratrol GM rice (Iksan-515, Iksan-526, Dongjin) that were cultivated Iksan and Suwon regions. Among the rice samples, Iksan-515 and Iksan-526 are produced resveratrol GM rice. Reveratrol is health-beneficial compound with strong antioxidant and antitumor activities. Red wine is believed to the main source of resveratrol in the human diet. Recent studies have associated resveratrol with the cardio-protective effect observed among people with moderate resveratrol consumption. Moreover, resveratrol has been possess chemoprotective activity. In present study, we determined the substantial equivalence between GM rice and seedling sort. We investigated the nutrients and anti-nutrients of produced resveratrol GM rice and analyzed nutrients including moisture, crude fat, ash, crude protein, fatty acids, amino acids and minerals. The results of this analysis showed equivalence between GM rice and non-GM rice. We determined phenolic compounds including naringenin, vallin and investigated 4 tocopherols (α-, β-, γ-, δ-tocopherol) and 4 tocotrienols (α-, β-, γ-, δ-tocotrienol). Among the all rice cultivars, they showed substancial equivalence between resveratrol GM rices and non-GM rice.

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] is one of the world’s most major crops as not only an important source of oil and protein, but also secondary metabolites. Intake of soybean is associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis, as well as cancer, including breast and colon cancers. Seventy soybeans germplasms collected from 4 different countries, America (6 varieties), China (15 varieties), Japan (16 varieties), and Korea (33 varieties), were distributed by Chungbuk National University (Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea) and cultivated in Konkuk University farm. This study investigated the isoflavones in seventy soybeans according to 4 different origins (America, China, Japan and Korea). Between 4 different origins, Korea showed highest concentrations of total isoflavones (1292.6 ± 438.6 ㎍ g-1) and China showed the lowest concentrations of total isoflavones (843.8 ± 365.7 ㎍ g-1). The total isoflavone contents in soybean of America and China ranged from 572.3 ㎍ g-1 to 2001.9 ㎍ g-1 and from 275.8 ㎍ g-1 to 1521.8 ㎍ g-1, respectively. And the isoflavone contents of Japan and Korea ranged from 473.3 ㎍ g-1 to 2314.6 ㎍ g-1 and from 419.0 ㎍ g-1 to 3010.7 ㎍ g-1, respectively. Malonylgenistin (356.9 ± 158.8 ㎍ g-1) was the major isoflavones among 12 isoflavones. Specially, glycoside and malonylglycosides constituted 49.2 % and 45.3 % of total isoflavones in soybeans, respectively.

Soybean seeds contain many biologically active secondary metabolites, such as proteins, saponins, isoflavones, phytic acids, trypsin inhibitors and phytosterols. Among them, saponins in soybeans have attracted considerable interest because of their health benefits. Soyasaponin A and B are the most abundant types of saponins found in soybeans along with soyasapogenol (aglycone), which is a precursor of soyasaponin. The main purpose of this experiment was to determine the concentration of soyasapogenol in soybean seeds and sprouts as a function of seed size, usage, seed coat color and seed cotyledon color. The 79 Korean soybean varieties were cultivated at Yesan of Chungnam in 2006 for the analysis of soyasapogenol using HPLC with Evaporative Light Scattering Detection (ELSD). The total average concentration of soyasapogenol was 1313.52~mug~;g-1 in soybean seeds and 1377.22~mug~;g-1 in soybean sprouts. Soybean sprouts were about 5% higher than soybean seeds in average total soyasapogenol concentration. In the process of sprouting, the average soyasapogenol A content decreased by approximately 1.6%, but soyasapogenol B and total soyasapogenol increased by 8.31% and 4.88%, based on the content of soybean seeds. When classified according to the size of seeds, the total soyasapogenol concentration of soybean seeds were not significantly different (p<0.05) On average, small soybean seeds were increased by as much as 103.14~mug~;g-1 in sprouting process. As a function of the use of the seeds, The total soyasapogenol in soybean seeds were significantly different (p<0.05). While, the soybean sprouts were not significant different (p<0.05). Altogether, sprout soybean seeds show the greatest change in content during the germination process. When seeds with different coat colors were compared, the total soyasapogenol concentration of soybean with yellow seed coats (1357.30~mu g~;g1 ) was slightly higher than that of soybean with black (1260.30~mug~;g-1 ) or brown (1263.62~mug~;g-1 ) seed coats. For the color of the cotyledon, the total soyasapogenol concentration was significantly increased in green cotyledon during the germination and seedling process. The results of this study suggest the functional characteristics of soybeans through quantitative analysis of soyasapogenol. In addition, the concentration of soyasapogenol exhibited a change during the germination process, which was evaluated by the nutritional value of the soybean sprouts.

There is a need to improve the efficiency of the existing sanitary treatment facilities, because the effluent standard becomes more stricter and septic sludge increased. Thus, operating processes of sanitary treatment system in M city changed with installation of additional facilities. Process modifications were as follows: Dilution water was added to the next process after primary aeration tank. Some secondary sedimentation sludge was recycled to primary aerator so that most of the organics were stabilized in primary aeration tank under automatic control of dissolved oxygen. The line of effluent from dewatering process flowing to the activated sludge tank was changed to the primary aerator. The primary sedimentation sludge line was linked to a thickener. Polymer was added to the activated sludge tank. The effluent of primary aerator and aerobic digester was recycled from the 5th to the 1st sector. As consequencies of above process modifications, the improvement of removal efficiency was achieved as BOD 54%, COD 42%, SS 61%, T-N 39%, and T-P 12%, respectively.