한반도에서의 기후 변화는 최근까지 해충이 아니던 토착 곤충이나 비례 곤충들이 해충화 될 수 있는 가능성을 높여주고 있다. 가장 중요한 예가 토착 곤충이던 풀무치의 대량 발생에 따른 해충화가 있다. 낮은 밀도에서는 식생에 위험을 주지 않는 단독형으로 존재를 하던 풀무치가 평균온도의 상승과 강우 패턴의 변화로 대량 발생을 하여 강력한 이동성을 가지고 식생을 파괴하는 군집형으로 변화된 예가 있다. 하지만, 아직까지, 단독형에서 군집형으 로의 변화에 대한 기전이해는 완성이 되지 않은 상태이다. 기후의 변화는 겨울철 평균기온의 상승을 가져와서 한반도에서 월동이 불가능했던 해충이나 약제 저항성 계통들이 급속도로 번식할 수 있는 가능성을 열어 놓았다. 그러므로, 이러한 약제 저항성과 기후변화와 관련성에 대한 유전자 수준에서의 변화에 대한 이해가 필요한 실정이다. 위의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 우리는 다중분석학을 이용하여 연구를 진행하여 왔고, 연구 결과를 바탕으로 종 특이적이면 환경 친화적인 방제방법의 개발 연구를 진행하여 와서 이에 대한 연구결과를 발표한다(RDA Grant No. PJ010821032018).

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of fall injuries on the balancing abilities and ankle flexibility. Fifteen of the voluntary participants had no experience of falling in the last two years (none falling group, NFG) and 15 others experienced at least one (falling group, FG). Static balance (sway length, sway area), dynamic balance (timed up and go (TUG), and functional to reach test (FRT) were measured in each group. In comparison of static balance, sway length was not significantly different between NFG and FG in both eyes open and eyes close, however the sway area of the FG was significantly wider than that of the NFG (p<.05). In dynamic balance comparisons, TUG of FG was significantly longer than that of NFG (p <.05), however FRT and STS were no significant difference between groups. Ankle flexibility was significantly higher in NFG than in FG. This study suggests that the fall prevention program should include methods for improving ankle stability and lower extremity function.

Pyrolyzed fuel oil (PFO) and coal tar was blended in the feedstock to produce pitch via thermal reaction. The blended feedstock and produced pitch were characterized to investigate the effect of the blending ratio. In the feedstock analysis, coal tar exhibited a distinct distribution in its boiling point related to the number of aromatic rings and showed higher Conradson carbon residue and aromaticity values of 26.6% and 0.67%, respectively, compared with PFO. The pitch yield changed with the blending ratio, while the softening point of the produced pitch was determined by the PFO ratio in the blends. On the other hand, the carbon yield increased with increasing coal tar ratio in the blends. This phenomenon indicated that the formation of aliphatic bridges in PFO may occur during the thermal reaction, resulting in an increased softening point. In addition, it was confirmed that the molecular weight distribution of the produced pitch was associated with the predominant feedstock in the blend.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of foot position adjuster on body alignment and weight loads in chronic stroke patients. The subjects were 15 chronic stroke patients who were admitted to KHospital in Daegu, South Korea. The study compared the body alignment and weight load changes on flat ground with the foot position adjuster using Foot scan and Dartfish video analysis software. In the results of this study, posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) alignment decreased significantly after use of the foot position adjuster and center pressure was significantly increased after use of the foot position adjuster. This study suggests that foot position adjuster influences body alignment and weight distribution.

예이츠의 시에는 사랑과 낭만 아일랜드를 찾아 헤매는 작가의 정신적 방황뿐 아니라 아일랜드 내전 이후의 정치적 방황도 역시 반영되어 있다. 그리고 예이츠 시의 화자는 앵글로 아이리시 귀족의 자부심과 열정을 갖고 어쉰 및 오이디푸스 등의 영웅과 자신을 동일시한다. 한편 히니는 자신의 시집인 『순례의 섬』, 『스위니의 방랑』 등에서 종교의 권위를 부정해 핍박 받았던 전설의 방랑자 스위니와 자신을 동 일시하면서 거기에 순례의 이미지를 덧붙인다.

Breast cancer is of enormous concern worldwide and linked with age, sex, hormonal factors, and family history. The treatment of early breast cancer includes treating the disease locally with surgery, radiation therapy, or both and treating microscopic systemic disease with either one or a combination of chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, or biologic therapy. Doxorubicin is a well-known anthracycline antibiotic and antineoplastic drug usually administered to breast cancer patients. However, there have been some reports suggesting that doxorubicin causes side effects such as cardiotoxicity. Furthermore, breast cancer patients on doxorubicin treatment are commonly prescribed steroid suppression therapy. In addition, it has been previously reported that lack of estrogen elevates cardiotoxicity. In this study, we evaluated whether the steroid suppression therapy might influence the cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin. We hypothesized that the presence of a steroid hormone, particularly estrogen, is closely related to doxorubicin action. To investigate the effect of estrogen, mice were divided into four groups: control group, doxorubicin-treated group, ovariectomized group, and ovariectomized plus doxorubicin-treated group. We observed upregulation of inflammatory cytokine gene and downregulation of apoptotic genes in the groups treated with doxorubicin, particularly in the ovariectomized plus doxorubicin-treated group. This suggests that administration of doxorubicin under a non-steroid condition can excessively damage the heart. In summary, combination treatment of hormonal and doxorubicin therapy for breast or many different types of cancer patients must be prescribed with requisite precautions.

In previous experiment, drying efficiency of infrared and hot air dryers was investigated. On this study, drying rate of sweet potato according to different infrared interval was performed to find the optimal interval range. Steamed sweet potato was cut to a thickness of 0.5cm, the width and length were 1.5*3cm. The condition of infrared drying was 60 to 40°C, which range of interval was adjusted 5 to 20°C. Moisture content, brix, color, and texture were estimated as quality parameters. Drying rate was increased with decreasing temperature range and soluble solid contents were increased as drying time was increased, but there was no difference after 4 hours. Hardness was resulted in highest value at small temperature range and hard texture was affected by drying time. However, there were no significant differences in L, a, b value. In conclusion, small interval range of infrared was indicated highest drying efficiency and the optimal condition of drying time was 4 to 6.

This study investigated to find optimal blanching conditions for pre-treatment of Korean Cahmchi (Aster scaber) before freezing to maintain qualities as food ingredient. Blanched A. scaber were blanched in water, 1% sucrose solution and 1% salt solution for 2min. After blanching, each sample packed with water, 0.5% and 1% sucrose solution, which were half quantity of sample. The samples were then frozen at -30°C freezer for 24h. Frozen samples were thawed in water at 4°C. Color, thawing loss, water content and texture analysis were evaluated. Water content was not significantly different among samples. Thawing loss of A. scaber was low value in sugar and salt additive samples. Sugar additive sample indicated the lowest redness and yellowness value. Also sugar added samples showed tender texture. In conclusion, sugar contents in blanching water were affected to qualities of A. scaber.

The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, is one of economically important pests and can transmit several fungalspecies with their movement in stored grains. We collected T. castaneum samples from 34 rice processing complexes(RPC) nationwide during 2016-2017 and identified the contamination of fungal species on the surface of T. castaneum.Using sequence analysis of ITS region, 24 fungal genera were found. Among them, the genus Aspergillus spp. (28.8%)was the most frequently presented, followed by Cladosporium spp. (12.3%), Hyphopichia spp. (8.9%), Penicillium spp.(8.2%), and so on. In addition, as a known mycotoxin-producing fungal species, Aspergillus flavus (16 isolates) and Fusariumspp. (3 isolates) were also identified. Our study indicates that T. castaneum would play an important role in the contaminationof fungi and contribute potential production of mycotoxin in storage rice.

Beetles of the genus Monochamus Dejean (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) are the most important vectors of the pine woodnematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer) (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae). The most efficient wayto control pine wilt disease is to decrease the population levels of the vector Monochamus beetles. Specific and efficientnatural enemies would be an interesting and environmental-friendly option. From 2016 to 2017, we investigated on thelarval parasitoids associated with M. alternatus Hope and M. saltuarius Gebler using the sentinel logs (Pinus koraiensis)in South Korea. As results of this work, we report two larval ectoparasitoids, Spathius verustus Chao and Cyanopterusflavator (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from six survey sites. Each parasitoid was parasitized up to 58.2% and26.3% on 1st and 2nd instar larvae of Monochamus beetles, respectively. These parasitoids are likely to be highly efficientas bio-control agents. Morphological characters with illustration and some biological information of them are provided.

To identify genes that commonly respond to the treatment of different insecticides and are responsible for the toleranceenhancement, transcriptomic profiles of larvae treated with sublethal doses of the five insecticides were compared withthat of untreated control. A total of 117,181 transcripts with a mean length of 662 bp were generated by de novo assembly,of which 35,329 transcripts were annotated. Among them, 125, 143, 182, 215 and 149 transcripts were determined tobe up-regulated whereas 67, 45, 60, 60 and 38 genes were down-regulated following treatments with these five insecticides.The most notable examples of commonly responding over-transcribed genes were two cytochrome P450 genes and ninecuticular protein genes. In contrast, several genes composing the mitochondrial energy generation system were significantlydown-regulated in all treated larvae. Considering the distinct structure and mode of action of the five insecticides tested,the differentially expressed genes identified in this study appear to be involved in general chemical defense at the initialstage of intoxication. Their possible roles in the tolerance/resistance development were discussed.