벼메뚜기의 인공사료 개발을 위하여 일본의 Konno식 먹이를 대조구로 하고, 28개의 배합비율별 인공사료를 제작하여 급이시험을 하였다. 시험결과, Konno식 보다 6주 후 1마리당 체중은 22개 처리에서 높았고 우화성공율은 23개 처리에서 높았다. 폐사율은 부화입식 후 45일까지 Konno식 대비 24개 처리에서 높았다. 1마리당 체중, 우화성공율, 폐사율을 종합해 볼 때 탄수화물원으로는 옥수수 건조잎 분말 또는 통밀가루와 단백질원으로는 2~5%의 탈지대두분 또는 어분의 배합비율이 벼메뚜기의 인공사료로서 가능성이 높았다.

Feeding effects of the honeybee pollen products from both domestic, China, Spain and mixture of different origin on the colony development of earth bumblebee, Bombus terrestris L., were surveyed to evaluate efficient nutritional resources for commercial bombiculture in Korea. As the results, the domestic pollen was most effective to achieve high rates of oviposition (88%), colony foundation (70%), and queen production. While feeding with domestic pollens during the egg-laying period, and domestic+Chinese mixture (5:2) during the breeding period (Plot-2), it revealed high oviposition rate of 75%, colony foundation of 65%, and large numbers of adult queen production, indicating its suitability for generation subculturing. In the Plot-3, the same high oviposition rate (75%) was obtained except for feeding with the domestic+Chinese mixture (2:5) during the breeding period, which produced large number of workers.

아메리카왕거저리의 사육기간을 단축과 기능성 향상을 위해 밀기울에 다양한 먹이를 보조사료로 공급하여 발륙기 간과 무게를 측정한 결과, 먹이종류별 아메리카왕거저리의 발육기간은 조단백질함량이 많은 배합사료와 밀기울에서 80.8일과 75.6일로 가장 짧았으며 버섯배지는 160일이상 소요되었으며 왕겨의 생충율은 85%로 가장 낮아 버섯폐배지 와 왕겨는 먹이원으로 적절하지 않았다. 보조 먹이원 선발을 위해 할맥, 압맥, 배추, 백련초, 파프리카, 개똥쑥을 20~80% 밀기울에 첨가한 결과 압맥과 할맥은 정상적으로 생장하지만 백련초, 개똥쑥 혼합에서는 접종 직후부터 죽은 개체들이 출현하여 생충율이 12.9%, 10.8%로 아주 낮게 나타났으며 배추와 파프리카도 24.2~38.8%로 낮아 보조사료로 적합하지 않았다. 들깨와 콩가루 역시 생충율이 높지 않아 1, 2차 시험결과 할맥, 압맥과 메밀이 보조사료로 적합하였다.

Pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus causes devastating damage to pines worldwide. To develop new agent for controlling PWN, alkyloxyalcohols(A-H) were synthesized and nematicidal activity was tested against PWN. As a control, monochamol, which reported to have nematicidal activity was also tested. The nematicidal activity was diffferent according to carbon chain length in compounds. LC50 values of F, G and H were as same as that of monochamol. However A-E which have shorter carbon length than F-H showed weak nematicidal activity.

The apple leafminer moth, Phyllonorycter ringoniella Matsumura is known an important insect pest of apple. This study was conducted from 1992 to 2017 in the major apple producing districts in Gyeongbuk area including 4~6 cities (18~30 orchards), and examined the occurrence and damaged leaf (%) of leafminer at monthly interval in “Fuji” apple orchards. The damaged leaf was the highest in 1992 (5%), the gradually decreased until 2004, After damage rate was again increased until 2008, after which it decreased. Leaf damage was not significant between rootstocks including seedling rootstock, M.9, and M.26.

Major royal jelly proteins (MRJPs), important protein components of bee royal jelly (RJ) and exclusive nourishments for queen, exhibit various biological and pharmacological activities. RJ is one of the most studied bee products, but the crucial roles for MRJP2 as an antimicrobial and antioxidant agents remain largely unknown. Here we demonstrated the antimicrobial and antioxidant functions of the Asiatic honeybee (Apis cerna) MRJP2 (AcMRJP2). Recombinant AcMRJP2 of approximately 53 kDa was expressed in baculovirus-infected insect cells, and it exhibited antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, and yeast via binding to microbial surfaces and inducing structural damage in microbial cell walls. AcMRJP2 protected mammalian and insect cells against oxidative damage through shielding of cell membranes. Interestingly, AcMRJP2 exhibited DNA protection activity and DPPH radical-scavenging activity. Altogether, our data demonstrated that AcMRJP2 functions as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents.

Honeybee (Apis mellifera) egg-yolk protein vitellogenin (Vg) plays roles in immunity, antioxidation, and life span beyond reproduction, but it also acts as an allergen Api m 12 in venom. Here we established antimicrobial and antioxidant roles of honeybee Vg in the body and venom. Using the cDNA encoding Vg identified from Asiatic honeybee (A. cerana) workers, recombinant A. cerana Vg (AcVg) protein of approximately 180 kDa was produced in baculovirus-infected insect cells. In A. cerana worker bees, AcVg was expressed in the fat body and venom gland and was present in the secreted venom. AcVg induced structural damage in microbial cell walls via binding to microbial surfaces and exhibited antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. AcVg protected mammalian and insect cells against oxidative damage through direct shielding of cell membranes. Interestingly, AcVg exhibited DNA protection activity against reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, the transcript level of AcVg was upregulated in the fat body, but not in the venom gland, of worker bees with antimicrobial peptides and antioxidant enzymes in response to microbial infection and oxidative stress. Our data indicate that AcVg is involved in innate immunity upon infection and in a defense system against ROS, supporting a crucial role of honeybee Vg as an antimicrobial and antioxidant agent in the body and venom.

The genus Docirava Walker, [1863] belongs to the tribe Chesiadini of the family Geometridae with only 12 described species in the world. The genus could be distinguished from other genera of Chesiadini with the characters, which had been described by walker in original description as follow : “Proboscis slender, rather long….Legs long, very slender; hind tibiae with four rather short and slender spurs”. In this study, the genus Docirava was first recorded with a new species Docirava sp. nov. with DNA barcode. Also, all the available information including images for both of genitalia and adult, wing venation and descriptional study was provided.

환경부 지정 보호지역인 특정도서는 현재 249개소로 이들을 대상으로 지형․경관, 지질, 식생, 동･식물상 및 해안무척 추동물, 해조류 분류군 대상으로 1차 특정도서기본계획(‘05~’14) 이후 2차 특정기본계획(‘15~’24)에 따라 매년 10~15개 씩 정밀조사가 수행되고 있다. 특정도서의 곤충조사는 2006~2008년 3년간 39개 도서를 제외하고 전무하였다. 특정도서 의 지정사유 중 자연경관․지질의 우수성이 가장 높고 식생이 우수가 다음으로 높아 시간이 지남에 따라 식생과 관련된 해충 및 외래종의 기착지로도 이용될 수 있는 특성을 가지고 있어 2015년부터 곤충에 대한 조사가 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구는 2016년 인천광역시 옹진군 일대 소초지도, 신도, 어평도, 항도, 뭉퉁도, 서만도, 할미염 7개 특정도서에 대한 곤충상 및 군집분석 결과와 각 도서별 과거 2007년 보고된 곤충상을 비교한 결과를 보고하는 바이다.

연구를 통해 나비목(Lepidoptera) 곡식좀나방상과(Tineoidea)내에 속하는 곡식좀나방붙이과*(Meessiidae)의 국내 분포가 새롭게 확인되어 보고한다. 또한 곡식좀나방붙이과 점박이좀나방붙이속*(genus Eudarcia)의 신종후보 3종 및 한국미기록 1종에 대한 성충, 생식기 특징과 국내 분포 등 이용 가능한 다양한 정보를 작성 및 제공하는 바이다.

The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), is one of the most important pest species devastating many horticultural and ornamental crops and fruit trees. In the present study, a field strain was collected in January 2001 and has been selected for sixteen years with acequinocyl. The resistance ratio calculated from the LC50 of eggs and adults was 191- and 4,237-fold, respectively. The laboratory-selected acequinocyl resistance (LSAR16) strain was screened with 11 acaricides for cross-resistance. The detoxifying enzyme activities and quantitative real-time PCR analysis were performed in the LSAR16 strain. Crossing experiments revealed that LSAR16 strain was inherited maternally, incompletely dominant and monogenic. Most importantly, we identified two new point-mutations at mitochondrial cytb from acequinocyl resistant T. urticae.

Insect growth regulators (IGRs) are insecticides that disrupt the normal development of target insects. Among the IGR insecticides, juvenile hormone (JH)-related IGRs are of particular interest because they stimulate or interfere with the formation of JH receptor complex. In the precious studies, novel JH-related IGRs with JH agonist (JHA) and antagonist (JHAN) activity were identified by using yeast two-hybrid system transformed with the Aedes aegypti JH receptor complex. In this study, the transcriptomic responses of Aedes albopictus were investigated upon JHA and JHAN, respectively. These results will provide important information about understanding of impact of JH-related IGRs in transcription level.

As information and communication technologies (ICTs) become more advanced, consumers are able to experience retailing activities such as searching for products and services in online retail shops and for Internet-exclusive branded contents. Specifically, fashion retailers are facing the need to develop more novel experiential design than one another to maximize customers’ experience in Internet websites and secure sustainable competency. Confirming methods of organic integration of experiential and visual features of both online and mobile channels is an important aspect of the study of extended consumers’ interfaces of retail channels. Mehrabian and Russell’s stimulusorganism- response (S-O-R) paradigm and Sugiyama and Andree’s attention, interest, search, action, and share (AISAS) model were used for this research. Specifically, the present study considered the effect of e-commerce website features on consumers’ emotional reactions (pleasure and arousal) and the consequent impact on online consumer behaviors (search, action, and share). Hence, plus the self-reported survey methods, each subject’s psychophysiological indicators (i.e., pleasure and arousal) were measured to obtain more objective and reliable data and to redeem the results of the self-reported survey. Findings revealed the implications of the e-commerce website feature by comprehending the S-O-R paradigm and AISAS model and extending the understanding of the role of variables associated with comprehended frameworks based on psychophysiological data.

현재 농가에서 이용되고 있는 보광등과 난방등의 특성을 조사하고 하우스내 기상 환경과 절화장미의 개화와 품질에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 실험을 수행하였다. 보광등으로는 LED등(light emitting diode lamp, LED), 메탈할라이드등(metal halide lamp, MH), 고압나트륨등(high pressure sodium lamp, HPS)을, 난방등으로는 나노탄소섬유 적외선등(nano-carbon fiber infrared lamp, NCFI)을 절화장미 재배상 위에 설치하였다. 그 결과 LED와 NCFI의 광도는 각각 6.8μmol·m-2·s-1과 0.4μmol·m-2·s-1으로 매우 낮은 반면, MH와 HPS는 79 ~ 100μmol·m-2·s-1 범위로 높은 편이었다. 또한 LED와 MH는 적외선역에 파장이 없어 발열량이 거의 없었으나, HPS와 NCFI는 적외선역에 파장이 많아 발열이 많은 것으로 나타났다. 동일한 공간에서 칸막이로 실험구간을 나누어 실험이 수행되었음에도 불구하고 MH, HPS, NCFI에 의해 온도는 2°C 정도 상승되는 결과를 얻었으나, 습도에서는 처리간 차이가 보이지 않았다. 광도에 상관없이 모든 전등들은 절화장미의 개화를 촉진시켜 무처리구에 비해 적게는 5 ~ 7일, 많게는 12 ~ 14일 개화가 촉진되는 것으로 나타났다. 광량이 충분한 봄철에는 전조처리에 의해 개화소요일수가 짧아지는 만큼 절화장도 대조구보다 짧아졌지만, 광량이 부족한 겨울철에는 전조처리에 의해 절화장이 길어져 품질이 향상되는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of incentive spirometry and Ujjayi breathing technique on the pulmonary function of smokers. Subjects were individuals who had a smoking habit of at least a year. Subjects were randomly divided into 3 groups: the incentive spirometry group (n=8), Ujjayi breathing technique (n=9), and a group applying both incentive spirometry as well as Ujjayi breathing technique (n=8). Each intervention was performed twice a day, 5 times a week, for a total of 8 weeks whereupon the change in pulmonary function was evaluated. A spirometer was used to measure FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC. The survey used for this study included the Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and the Shortness of Breath Questionnaire (SOBQ). Study results for the comparison within groups showed that in the group that performed both the incentive spirometry and Ujjayi breathing technique, FEV1 improved with statistical significance (p<.05). Furthermore, within this comparison the FEV1/FVC improved with statistical significance. Comparison amongst the groups showed no statistically significant differences in all areas. Following, to effectively increase pulmonary function in young adult smokers, both incentive spirometry and Ujjayi breathing technique should be employed together.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of foot position adjuster on body alignment and weight loads in chronic stroke patients. The subjects were 15 chronic stroke patients who were admitted to KHospital in Daegu, South Korea. The study compared the body alignment and weight load changes on flat ground with the foot position adjuster using Foot scan and Dartfish video analysis software. In the results of this study, posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) alignment decreased significantly after use of the foot position adjuster and center pressure was significantly increased after use of the foot position adjuster. This study suggests that foot position adjuster influences body alignment and weight distribution.

As the fruit and vegetable beverage market grows, a variety of foods are continually increasing. Therefore, when ingredients other than those indicated are added to achieve economic benefits, cases of adulteration and falsification concurrently follow. Among these, blueberry as expensive fruits, is one of the target for adulteration in juice production. This study was conducted based on the reports regarding the forgery of blueberry juice and grape juice; 32 kinds of blueberry juices, which are sold on the market, were collected and their metabolomics analysis was performed to screen out possible discriminants for blueberry juice adulteration. Metabolomes were extracted with 80% methanol and analyzed through LC-MS/MS followed by data processing with multivariate statistical analysis. Based on OPLS (orthogonal partial least squared) model, four metabolites were screened as significant discriminants among 209 metabolites found in blueberry juice and anthocyanin compounds occupied a main groups for discrimination. Marvidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside were identified as significant indicators for the existence of blueberry compared to grape juice which is main adulterates in blueberry juices. These candidates were assessed for monitoring commercial blueberry juices, which were proved as useful determinant for adulteration.

In a previous study, it was reported that enzymatic hydrolysis under pressurization could be a new method which could produce arginine dipeptide and free amino acid in anchovy hydrolysate as salty enhancer at optimal condition. Powder is more efficient than liquid in terms of transport and storage stability. For the purpose of producing spray dried powder of various salt contents was investigated the effect of different salt concentration of anchovy hydrolysate on spray dried powder properties. The anchovy hydrolysate of various salt contents(in the range of approximately 0.7- 19.8% w/w) prepared adding the fish sauce (Dae-Young fish market) at inlet drying air temperatures of 120°C and 140°C. The process yield and physicochemical properties such as moisture content, bulk density, hygroscopicity and the morphology (EDS, XPS, XRD) of the anchovy hydrolysate powder was measured. The glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the powders equilibrated under various water activities were determined using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Different drying conditions and salt concentration could generate anchovy hydrolysate powders with different process yield, bulk density and moisture content. The spray-dried anchovy hydrolysate powder was confirmed by XRD to be a mixture of an amorphous substances and crystalline salts. The energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analysis demonstrated that the surface NaCl concentration of the powders increased with an increasing drying air temperature. Increasing moisture adsorption of the anchovy hydrolysate powders resulted in a Tg reduction. It is suggested that producing spray dried anchovy hydrolysate for the industrial use is the use of the feed salt concentration of not lower than % w/w and inlet air temperature at 120°C, 140°C

본 연구는 UV 조사가 대두 발아 시 이소플라보노이드 함량 변화에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시하였다. 대두 품종인 ‘풍원콩’을 사용하여 UV-A(315~400nm), UV-B(280~315nm)에 각각 2, 3, 5, 7일동안 광 감응을 하였다. 1일 16시간 광 감응 시켰으며, 증류수를 사용하여 수경재배 하였다. 종자가 발아하여 생육을 하는 동안 자엽, 하배축, 뿌리에서의 물질 변화를 알아보기 위하여 부위별로 나누어 분석하였다. 종자의 발아 후 생장은 암 조건과 UV-A에서 잘 자라며 생육 상태는 UV-A에서 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 폴리 페놀의 경우 자엽, 하배축에서는 UV-A에서 7일차에 함량이 급격히 증가하였으며, 뿌리에서는 UV-B 처리 7일차에 함량이 급격히 증가하였다. 총 플라보노이드 분석은 자엽에서 UV-A와 UV-B를 처리한 생육기간 동안 꾸준한 증가를 보였고 하배축에서는 암 조건과 형광등에서 꾸준히 증가하였다. 뿌리에서는 암 조건 처리구에서 7일차에 급격한 증가를 보였다. 콩의 이소플라보노이드 12종은 부위별로 다른 함량을 나타내었다. 자엽의 경우 7종(Daidzin, Genistin, Malonyl glycitin, Acetyl glycitin, Malonyl genistin, Daidzein, Genistein)의 이소플라보노이드가 함유되어 있었고 하배축과 뿌리에서는 9종(Daidzin, Glycitin, Genistin, Malonyl daidzin, Malonyl glycitin, Malonyl genistin, Glycitein, Acetyl genistin, Genistein)의 이소플라보노이드가 함유 되어 되었다. 자엽에서의 이소플라보노이드 함량은 UV-A를 처리한 곳에서 생육이 진행될 때 감소하는 것이 나타났다. 하배축에서는 이소플라보노이드가 암 상태를 제외한 처리구에서 생육기간동안 감소하다가 다시 증가는 경향을 보였다. 뿌리에서는 이소플라보노이드 함량은 암 조건과 형광등에서는 점차 감소하는 경향을 보이나 UV-A와 UV-B 처리구에서는 감소하다 7일차에 다시 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 전반적으로 콩의 초기 생장 촉진과 높은 이소플라보노이드의 집적은 UV-A 조사에서 가장 효율적 임을 알 수 있었다.