본 조사는 월악산국립공원 2015년도 자연자원조사의 일환으로 국립공원내에 서식하는 거미류의 종조성과 분포도 를 분석하여 월악산국립공원의 생물자원을 보전하고 관리하는데 필요한 기초자료를 확보하기 위해 실시하였다. 월악산국립공원은 충청북도 제천시의 한수면, 덕산면, 수산면; 충주시의 살미면, 수안보면, 단양군의 적성면, 단성면, 대강면; 경상북도 문경시의 문경읍, 동로면에 동서로 걸쳐 있으며, 조사기간은 4월부터 10월까지 7개월간 총 9회에 걸쳐 83개 지점에서 실시하였다. 채집방법으로는 쓸어잡기, 털어잡기, 진동잡기 등을 실시하였다. 채집된 개체들은 현장 기록 후 96% 에탄올에 넣어 보관하였고, 실험실에서 현미경을 이용하여 동정을 실시하였다. 조사결과 월악산국립 공원에 서식하는 거미류는 모두 30과 11속 174종으로 확인되었다. 월악산국립공원에서 서식하는 거미류 중 종구성이 풍부한 과 우점순위는 깡충거미과 28종(16.1%), 꼬마거미과 25종(14.4%), 왕거미과 21종(12.1%)의 순으로 나타났다. 생태적 분포로는 범세계종(Cosmopolitan spp.)이 3종, 구북계(Palearctic spp.)가 13종, 전북계(Holarctic spp.)이 6종으로 조사되었다.

본 연구는 AgX (Ag-함침 X zeolite)에 의해 고방사성해수폐액 (HSW)의 발생초기에 함유되어 있는 고방사성 요오드(131I)의 흡착, 제거를 목표로 수행하였다. AgX에 의한 I의 흡착 (AgX-I 흡착)은 AgX 내 Ag-함침농도가 증가할수록 증가하며, 함침농 도 30wt% 정도가 적당하였다. AgX (Ag-함침 약 30~35wt%)로부터 Ag의 침출농도는 해수폐액에 함유되어 있는 chloride 이 온에 의한 AgCl 침전 등으로 증류수보다 덜 침출 (<1 mg/L) 되었다. AgX-I 흡착은 초기 I 농도 0.01~10 mg/L의 경우 m/V (흡착제량/용액부피의 비)=2.5 g/L에서 99% 이상 흡착제거 되어 I의 효율적 제거가 가능함을 알 수 있다. AgX-I 흡착제거 는 해수폐액 보다는 증류수에서 수행하는 것이 효과적이고, 온도의 영향은 미미한 것 같으며, 흡착평형등온선은 Languir 보 다는 Freundlich 등온선으로 표현하는 것이 양호하였다. 한편 AgX-I 흡착속도는 유사 2차 속도식을 만족하고 있으며, 속도 상수 (k2)는 Ci 증가에 따라 감소하고 있지만, m/V 비 및 온도 증가에 따라서는 증가하고 있다. 이때 흡착 활성화에너지는 약 6.3 kJ/mol 로 AgX-I 흡착은 약한 결합형태의 물리적흡착이 지배적일 것으로 보인다. 그리고 열역학적 매개변수를 평가 (음수 값의 Gibbs 자유에너지 및 양수 값의 엔탈피)에 의해 AgX-I 흡착이 자발반응(정반응)의 흡열반응이며, 고온에서 반응 이 양호함을 나타내었다.

본 연구는 고방사성해수폐액 (HSW)으로부터 Barium (Ba)이 함침된 4A 제올라이트 (BaA)에 의한 고방사성핵종 중에 하나인 Sr의 흡착 제거를 수행하였다. BaA에 의한 Sr의 흡착 (BaA-Sr)은 Ba의 함침농도 20.2wt% 이상에서 Ba의 함침농도가 증가 할수록 감소하며 Ba 함침농도는 20.2wt% 정도가 적당하였다. 그리고 BaA-Sr 흡착은 BaA 내 4A에 의한 Sr 흡착 (4A-Sr)에 BaSO4 침전에 따른 Sr 공침이 첨가되어, Sr의 농도가 0.2 mg/L 이하 (HSW 내 실제 Sr 농도 수준)에서 BaA는 m/V (흡착제 량/용액 부피)=5 g/L, 4A는 m/V >20 g/L에서 99% 이상의 Sr 제거가 가능하였다. 이는 흡착제 단위 g 당 Sr의 처리용량 및 2 차 고체폐기물 (폐흡착제 등) 발생량 저감화 차원에서 BaA-Sr 흡착이 4A-Sr 흡착보다 우수함을 나타낸다. 또한 BaA-Sr 흡 착이 증류수보다 해수폐액에서 Sr의 제거능이 우수하여 HSW로부터 직접 Sr을 제거하는 데 효과적일 것으로 보인다. 반면 에 BaA에 의한 Cs의 흡착 (BaA-Cs)은 주로 BaA 내 4A에 의해서 이루어지고 있어 함침 Ba의 영향은 거의 없는 것 같다. 한 편 BaA-Sr 흡착속도는 유사 2차 속도식으로 표현할 수 있으며, Sr의 초기농도 및 V/m 비 증가에 따라서 속도상수 (k2)는 감 소하지만 평형흡착량 (qe)은 증가하고 있다. 그러나 용액의 온도증가에 따라서는 반대로 k2는 증가하지만 qe는 감소하고 있 다. BaA-Sr 흡착 활성화에너지는 약 38 kJ/mol 로 강력한 결합 형태를 이룬 화학흡착은 아니더라도 물리적 흡착보다 화학적 흡착이 지배적일 것으로 보인다.

This study was conducted to find out the effects of Improvement of Botanical Composition Technology (IBCT) on the forage production and ecological characteristics in a Rumex acetosella-dominated hilly pasture in Pyeongchang, in a period from August 2013 to the end of growing season in October 2015. 2MT ha－1 limestone was applied in August 2013 and April 2014. Liming significantly increased soil pH from 4.69 to 5.47 and then the soil pH consistently hovered at 4.91~4.98. For every grazing time, plant height was found to be higher with the application of IBCT as compared with the control. After grazing, no significant difference in plant height was found between the IBCT group and the control. Changes in the botanical composition of grassland can be affected by a lot of circumstances, but application of IBCT decreased Rumex acetosella from 12% to 2%, while also increasing the proportion of pasture. In relation to the botanical composition of grass, orchardgrass and timothy showed the highest percentages throughout the whole study period. The proportion of Kentucky bluegrass increased over time while tall fescue steadily decreased. The totals for grazing days were 58 in 2014 and 55 in 2015. Average herbage dry matter intake was 7,848 kg ha－1 in 2014 and 6,941 kg ha－1 in 2015. Due to the application of IBCT, dry matter productivity showed a significant increase of 59% during the first grazing period in 2014 (3,437 kg ha and 5,460 kg ha in control and IBCT). In 2015, the total dry matter yield of the IBCT group was 51% greater than the control (5,742 kg ha－1 and 8,685 kg ha－1 in control and IBCT). Under acidic soil conditions, red sorrel can grow more strongly than grasses because it has better tolerance in dry and acidic conditions. Therefore, constant management is required in order to keep red sorrel from dominating the hilly pasture. In this study, the application of IBCT was able to effectively control weeds at all points. As a result, total management, including improvement of soil, overseeding, and application of selective herbicide and fertilizer, is needed to maintain excellent grassland conditions due to the limiting effects of environmental factors on grassland productivity.

거미류는 생물종 다양성의 위치뿐 아니라 포식성을 이용한 생태계 균형 유지와 천연 농약으로서의 기능, 거미줄과 독 등을 이용한 공업이나 의약품 재료 개발 그리고 기후와 환경의 변화를 감지할 수 있는 환경 지표종으로서의 기능도 가지고 있다. 본 조사는 절지동물 중 번성한 동물군의 하나인 거미류의 치악산 국립공원 내 주요 지역에서의 분포현황을 조사하였다. 치악산 국립공원은 강원도 원주시의 동부 지역인 소초면, 행구동, 반곡ㆍ관설동, 판부면, 신림면과 횡성군의 우천면, 안흥면, 강림면에 남북으로 걸쳐 있으며 조사 기간은 4월부터 9월까지 6개월간 총 8회에 걸쳐 68개 지점에서 실시하였다. 채집방법으로는 Sweeping, Beating, Sieving 등을 실시하였다. 채집된 개체들은 현장 기록 후 96% Ethanol에 넣어 보관하였고, 실험실에서 현미경을 통해 생물의 동정을 실시하였다. 조사결과 치악산 국립공원에서 서식하는 거미류는 모두 29과 109속 169종이 확인되었다. 치악산 국립공원에서 서식하는 거미류 중 종 구성이 풍부한 과 우점순위는 접시거미과 27종(15.9%), 꼬마거미과 21종(12.4%), 왕거미과 20종(11.8%)의 순으로 나타났다. 생태적 분포로는 구북계(Palearctic spp.)가 13종(7.7%), 전북계(Holarctic spp.)가 6종(3.6%), 범세계종(Cosmopolitan spp.)이 3종(1.8%)이었다.

Recently, the market share of local vegetables is decreasing due to the high price in Korea. Futhermore, rising personnel expenses, aging population and declining in the rural population are affecting on cultivation as unfavorable factors. To promote and maintain enacted by the vegetable promotion law those only agricultural products. Cultivation of vegetables needs many of the labor because the work should be conducted shade installation, planting, weeding and crop-dusting. Especially, planting work needs many of the labor that its working periods are very short and it should be planted an angle of the 45 degrees. On account of many working hours, it needs the mechanization of vegetable processing. All phased working hours are 298.6 hours(1 time of 4 years)/10a that planting hours are 60 hours/10a which is to need many work times. When developed multi planting machine operated in the laboratory, it was electronically controlled and has operational mechanism planting device. However, it malfunctioned in the bare ground. So it needs to be changed to mechanically controlled. Therefore, for vitalizing of the transplanting work, we are analyzing multi-planting machine that is mechanically controlled.

The research purpose is to get implications through case analysis for prediction and response to Mega-complex disaster which have been growing concerned with vulnerabilities of city centered. To do this, we apply synectics model which have been used to analyze for policy agenda from a view point of society and people to 911 terror. In the strategy 「make strange to accustomed」of synectics model, Firstly clarify of case summary include response and results, secondly check direct analogy for responders and media with personal analogy who are qualified to investigation. Findings are different perspective and long term health effects, social indirect cost in comparison with analogies. Proposals of political inferred meaning are unified incident command system, regulation improvement and Research needs for longitudinal health effects evaluation approach to the phase of response to disaster in analysis with final re-search and analogy generalization.

This study was designed to know the possibility in repeat uses of elite donor cows for getting mass production of OPU-derived embryo production (OPU-IVP). Ultrasound transvaginal ovum pick-up (OPU) performed in 6 Korean native cows was aged 4 to 10 years old. The aspiration of immature oocytes for OPU derived embryo was carried out 2 times per week, and OPU-IVP of 1st period was carried out 22∼48 sessions from each donors. And the break time for OPU-IVP of 2nd period after 1st OPU from each donors were 2∼25 months. The OPU-IVP of 2nd period each donors conducted total 15∼65 times for 2∼8 months by an ultrasonographic, was guided follicular aspiration system. The average numbers of collected oocytes, grade 1 + grade 2(G1+G2) oocytes and cleavage embryo from 1st period OPU-IVP were significantly differences between donors (p<0.05). Total collected oocytes of donor D were significantly higher compared with donors of A, B, C, E and F (average 17.0 per session vs. 11.2, 10.1, 8.5, 10.2 and 9.6; p<0.05) and also oocytes of G1+G2 were significantly higher compared with r A and D and subsequently to donors of B, C, E and F (average 7.9 and 8.5 per session vs. 5.0, 2.7, 6.0 and 1.6; p<0.05). Cleavage rate of donor D was significantly higher compared with donors of A, B, C, E and F (average 13.1 per session vs. 10.1, 9.1, 6.9, 8.9 and 6.7; p<0.05). The average numbers of OPU-IVP for 1st period was significantly higher from donors of B, D and E than those from donors of A, C and F (average 6.5, 7.1 and 6.5 per session vs. 3.5, 4.2 and 2.8; p<0.05). The possibility investigation of 2nd OPU-IVP was carried out after 2∼25 months rest periods from 1st period OPU session. Total average numbers of collected oocytes, cleavages and blastocyst development rates were significantly higher from 1st period OPU compared with 2nd period one (p<0.05). The OPU-IVP efficiency by break for more embryo production from elite cow was analysis comparing without rest of donor A, under 6 months rest period as B and over 6 months rest period as C and then the average numbers of collected oocytes, cleavages and blastocysts were significantly higher from A group (11.8, 9.5 and 5.2 per session) than those from B and C groups (7.9, 6.2 and 2.6 vs. 9.2, 7.5 and 3.9, p<0.05), and also C group was significantly higher than B group. In conclusion, 1st period OPU-IVP was more efficient compared with 2nd period repeated uses of donor, and the break times for additional production of embryo on donor were needed more than over 6 months after 1st period OPU-IVP. This repeating uses of elite donor cows given more emphasis for getting the opportunity on mass production of elite cow OPU-IVP embryo should be increased G1+G2 possibility of genetic improvement of livestock within short period.

Since the conventional methods of physical therapy may decrease the motivation of a patient for rehabilitation due to repetitive, monotonous movement, a new physical therapy system inducing a motivation from the patient is needed. The present study is intended to develop a physical therapy serious game for enhancement of dynamic balance control. The balance control therapy game was developed by the following steps: (1) survey of existing balance control therapy systems, (2) analysis of balance control literature, (3) ideation and architecture planning of the balance control therapy game, and (4) implementation of the balance control therapy game. The proposed physical therapy serious game can provide better usability, satisfaction, clinical effectiveness for balance control than the conventional methods.