본 연구에서는 건조방법에 따른 잣솔잎 추출액 분말의 항산화적 특성과 성분변화를 조사하고자 생 잣솔잎을 진공건조, 열풍건조, 동결건조한 후 50% 에탄올로 추출하여 항산화적 활성 및 페놀산 함량에 미치는 영향을 비교하였다. 각건조방법으로 건조시킨 잣솔잎 추출액 분말의 수율은 진공건조 시료가 31.06%로 가장 높았으며, 다음으로 열풍건조시료 및 동결건조 시료의 순으로 나타났다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 열풍건조 시료가 유의적으로 적었으며(p<0.05), 반면플라보노이드의 함량은 총 폴리페놀 함량과 반대의 경향으로 열풍건조 시료에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 전자공여능 및 ABTS radical 소거능은 1.0mg/mL 농도에서동결건조>진공건조>열풍건조 시료의 순으로 높은 활성을나타내었다. 건조방법별 아질산염 소거능은 반응조건의 pH를 1.2와 3.0으로 달리하여 각각 측정한 결과 pH 1.2의 강산성 조건에서 잣솔잎의 아질산염 소거능이 80% 이상으로높은 활성을 나타내었으며, 진공건조 시료가 유의적으로 높은 활성을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 잣솔잎 추출물의 페놀산 조성과 함량은 t-cinnamic acid가 잣솔잎 중에 가장 많은 함량을 차지하고 있는 것으로 나타났으며 chlorogenic acid의 함량이 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 건조방법에 따른 추출물의 페놀산 함량은 페놀산의 종류에 따라 건조방법 별 함량의 차이를 보였으나, 모든 페놀산을 합한 총 페놀산 함량은열풍건조, 진공건조 및 동결건조 순으로 나타났다.

The purpose of this study was to examine the degree of knowledge of care workers working at long term care hospitals and nursing homes on pressure ulcer. A total of 81 care workers including 34 at long term care hospitals and 47 at nursing homes were surveyed. 24 questions were used to evaluate their degree of knowledge on pressure ulcer. Their knowledge on pressure ulcer scored 12.84 out of the total score of 24 points(SD=3.40), which was equal to 53.50 (SD=24.23) out of 100 points. Their knowledge on the prevention of pressure ulcer was highest among the subareas of evaluation. Their knowledge on pressure ulcer statistically significantly differed according to education on pressure ulcer(P<.05). A pressure ulcer is a skin disorder that may be prevented and cured. At this point when long term care facilities are rapidly increasing, care workers highlevel knowledge on and good management of pressure ulcer is very important. Practically educating them on pressure ulcer including the provision of recent, updated relevant knowledge will be necessary.

The 15,338-bp long complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the Japanese oak silkmoth, Antheraeayamamai (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) was determined. This genome has a gene arrangement identical to those of all other sequenced lepidopteran insects, but differs from the most common type, as the result of the movement of tRNAMet to a position 5’-upstream of tRNAIle. No typical start codon of the A. yamamai COI gene is available. Instead, a tetranucleotide, TTAG, which is found at the beginning context of all sequenced lepidopteran insects was tentatively designated as the start codon for A. yamamai COI gene. Three of the 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) harbor the incomplete termination codon, T or TA. All tRNAs formed stable stem-and-loop structures, with the exception of tRNASer(AGN), the DHU arm of which formed a simple loop as has been observed in many other metazoan mt tRNASer(AGN). The 334-bp long A+T-rich region is noteworthy in that it harbors tRNA-likestructures, as has also been seen in the A+T-rich regions of other insect mitogenomes. Phylogenetic analyses of the available species of Bombycoidea, Pyraloidea, and Tortricidea bolstered the current morphology-based hypothesis that Bombycoidea and Pyraloidea are monophyletic (Obtectomera). As has been previously suggested, Bombycidae (Bombyxmori and B.mandarina) and Saturniidae (A.yamamai and Caligula boisduvalii) formed a reciprocal monophyletic group.

이 논문은 날개응에의 소매응애과(Haplozetidae)에 속하는 신종 제주소매응애(신칭: Incabates barbatus sp.nov.)를 기재한 것이다. 이 신종은 일본에서 기록된 1. major와 매우 닳았으나, 1. major는 가슴등판센털(머리끝털, ro, 지게털, la)과 감각털의 머리가 매끈한 반면 신종은 머리끝털(ro)과 지게털(la)의 중간부분 바깥쪽에 거치들이 나 있고, 감각기 머리 표면에 작은 돌기가 나 있어 거칠다. Incabates속에는 현재까지 신종을 포함하여 모두 9종이 기록되었는데, 이들에 대한 검색표를 작성하였다.

유리전이온도가 95℃인 폴리스티렌 균질막에서 CO2의 수착과 투과실험을 온도는 60℃, 수착실험은 1.6 MPa 범위, 투과실험은 2.5 MPa 범위 내에서 각각 행하였다. 낮은 기체압력하에서는 수착등온선이 dual-mode sorption model에 일치하였으나 1.3 MPa 이상에서는 직선이었고, 직선부분은 원점까지 외삽되었다. 평균투과계수의 압력의존성은 dual-mode mobility model로부터 위로 편기되었다. 수착등온선으로부터 폴리스티렌 막은 1.3 MPa의 기체압력에서 수착된 CO2의 가소화거동에 의해서 유리전이가 일어난다는 것을 알았고, 이는 평균투과계수의 증가와 일치하였다.

This survey was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary attitude on the nutrition knowledge, food habits and the intake of instant food, convenience food and fast food between two groups of college women, a nutrition major group and nutrition non-major one. Questionaires were completed by 214 nutrition majors and also by 145 non-majors. Nutrition majors showed better average in meal time regularities per week than nutrition non-majors. And nutrition non-majors had a higher frequency rate in taking of instant food and fast food than nutrition majors. In the case of both college women, those who take a meal regularly at each meal times have a higher score in food habits. The women who ate instant foods more frequently got a lower score in food habits, but the frequency of the intake of instant foods did not affect the score of nutrition knowledge. On the other hand, the women who had fast foods more frequently got a higher score in food habits and lower score in nutrition knowledge. When college women have a little of nutrition knowlege, they have a tendency to keep their meal time regularity and right dietary attitude pattern. In the dining -out pattern, the college women liked to eat flour foods and they preferred western foods than Korean foods. The motivation of food selection was for convenience and for time saving which were the reason for satisfaction to the products of food service industry. The products of food service industry were found to be unsatisfactory in nutrition and sanitation. Therefore, we must be more aware of preventing the disappearance of Korean traditional foods and for developing dietary culture successively, the products of food service industry which are more suitable for Korean should be developed.

본 연구에서는 비슬산 이중편파 Radar 자료와, GPM 위성자료 및 21개 (Korea Meteorological Administration, KMA) 지상강우자료를 활용하여 분포형 강우-유출 모형(KIneMatic wave STOrm Runoff Model2, KIMSTORM2)을 이용해 남강댐 유역(2,293 km2)을 대상으로 유출해석을 수행 하였다. 모형의 유출 해석은 2016년 10월 5일 02:00∼09:00 총 8시간 동안 최대강우강도 33 mm/hr, 유역평균 총 강우량 82 mm이 발생한 태풍 차 바(CHABA)를 대상으로 하였으며, Radar 및 GPM 자료와 조건부합성(Conditional Merging, CM) 기법을 적용한 Radar (CM-corrected Radar) 및 GPM (CM-corrected GPM) 자료를 각각 활용하여 결과를 비교하였다. 이 때, 공간 강우자료에 유출 검보정은 남강댐 유역 내 3개의 수위관측 지점(산청, 창촌, 남강댐)을 대상으로 실시하였으며, 모형의 매개변수 초기토양수분함량, 지표와 하천의 Manning 조도계수를 이용하여 검보정하였다. 유출 결과는 결정계수(Determination coefficient, R2), Nash-Sutcliffe의 모형효율계수(NSE) 및 유출용적지수(Volume Conservation Index, VCI)를 산정하였다. 그 결과 CM-corrected Radar, GPM 자료가 평균 R2는 0.96, NSE의 경우 0.96, 유출용적지수(VCI)는 1.03으로 가장 우수한 결과를 나타내었다. 최종적으로 CM 기법을 이용한 보정된 공간분포자료는 기존의 자료에 비해 시공간적으로 정확한 홍수 예측에 사용 될 것으로 판단된다.

동아광산에서 채취한 암석 시료의 X-선 회절분석 결과 주 구성광물은 백운석(Dolomite : CaMg(Co3)2, 투각섬석(Tremolite : Ca2Mg5Si18O22(OH)2), 활석(Talc : Mg3Si4O10(OH)2), 방해석(Calcite : CaCO3)이며, 소량의 석영(Quartz : SiO2)을 포함하고 있다. 편광현미경 관찰 결과 종횡비는 일반적으 로 정의하는 3 : 1의 수치보다 높은 값을 나타내며 신장방향에 대한 소광각은 8.0-19.5°의 범위로 사 소광을 나타낸다. 주사전자현미경 관찰 결과 석면의 장경은 5 μm 이상이고 최대 250 μm 정도이며 종 횡비는 3 : 1 정도이다. 암석시료에서 나타나는 석면결정은 벽개면을 따라 성장하고 있으며 결정의 끝 부분이 침상형태를 나타낸다. 에너지분산분광분석결과 투각섬석이 주 구성광물인 시료는 대체로 Fe의 함량이 높게 나타난다.

Exposure to ionizing radiation is regarded as a kind of abiotic stresses that can change the expression of genes in living organisms. This study aimed on investigating the variations in gene expressions induced by two different types of irradiations with different doses, which were low linear energy transfer (LET) gamma rays (100, 200, and 400 Gy) and high LET ion-beams (20, 40, and 80 Gy) on rice. RNA sequencing was carried out using the Illumina HiSeq-2500 platform. The average amount of reads were 4.8 Gb per individual, and 5 to 8% of the reads were removed after quality control. More than 90% of the RNA-seq reads were mapped to the rice reference genome sequence (IRGSP-1.0). A total of 247 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by comparison of the gene expression levels between the wildtype and the irradiated individuals. The 247 DEGs were divided into five modules and 27 intra-modular hub genes were found using the weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) method. The MEturquiose module had the most number of genes with 75 related to carbohydrate and small molecule metabolic processes. The co-expression network reconstructed using ARACNE (algorithm for reconstruction of accurate cellular networks) showed specific up- or down-regulation of the genes in each module according to the types and doses of radiation. This study will contribute to understanding the gene expression responses to ionizing irradiation.

Recently, the energy supply uses mostly fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum, natural gas etc... however, they are limited and they present an issue for the environment. Biomass derived energy is considered promising for reducing the emissions of CO2, the significant contributor to global warming. Also it can be converted to various forms of energy through thermochemical conversion processes. In this study, a screw gasifier has been engineered for wood biomass gasification. Waste wood chip was used as biomass and the producer gas, tar; char were then achieved by gasification in the presence of CO2. The results showed that with the increase of the gasification temperature, the producer gas increased and the tar decreased. Also, due to thermal cracking, the light tar increased by the decomposition of the gravimetric tar. And a development of char pore structure was confirmed by SEM. The gasification of biomass in the presence of CO2 at 800oC produced an increase in the concentration of carbon monoxide according to the Boudoudard reaction and an increase in the char pore surface as well as its adsorption capacity. Thus the biomass gasification in the presence of CO2 was confirmed to be effective for the production of CO and the development of char.

Ionizing radiation is known to cause chromosomal alterations such as inversions and deletions and affects gene expression within the plant genome. To monitor the genome-wide transcriptome changes by ionizing radiation, we used rice Affimetrix GeneChip microarray to identify genes that are up- or down regulated by gamma-ray (200 Gy, 60Co source), cosmic-ray and ion beam (40 Gy, 220 MeV carbon ion). The overall expression patterns between gamma-ray and ion beam were similar but cosmic-ray was regulated differently. Combined results from all 3 radiations identified 27 up-regulated genes and 188 down regulated genes. These results mean the induction of similar mechanism changes in treatments of gamma ray and ion beam. However the different expression in treatment of cosmic-ray might be due to the other environmental conditions. Among the commonly up- or down- regulated genes, we chose highly up- or down- regulated several genes and confirmed its regulation in response to ionizing radiation exposure by RT-PCR analysis. Moreover, we showed that specific co-expression networks of candidate radio marker genes by ARACNE algorithm. Our results present profiles of gene expression related to different ionizing radiation and marker gene to predict sensitivity to ionizing radiation, such as GS (glutelin subunit) and FBX322.

Carotenoids are major secondary compounds in Citrus determining the color of fruit and nutritional values. Carotenoids are isoprenoic compounds, and function as color pigments in the flower and fruit to attract pollinators and seed-dispersing animal and chromophore for light harvest and photoprotectant during photosynthesis. In the aim of developing new cultivars with high value using molecular breeding technology, we had performed screening of flesh and peel specific genes by differentially expressed gene screening in Citrus unshiu fruits. From the screening, carotenoid isomerase (CRTISO)1, which converts pro-lycopene to all-trans-lycopene, was identified as peel-specifically expressed gene. In this study, the gene encoding the CRTISO1 was cloned, sequenced, and compared to the CRTISOs in other plant species. Comparison of the cds sequence to other plant species revealed 75% and 78% identity with CRTISO1 of Zea maize and CRTISO2 of Arabidopsis thaliana respectively. We also cloned CRTISO2 from C. unshiu which declines the expression while maturation (Kato et al., 2004), and the gene structure was analyzed. This is the first work reporting the full sequence and gene structure of CRTISOs in C. unshiu, and would give important information in understanding the carotenoid synthesis in the Citrus fruit.